Node.js v22.0.0-nightly20231129a3ee1870fd documentation

Subtests#

The test context's test() method allows subtests to be created. This method behaves identically to the top level test() function. The following example demonstrates the creation of a top level test with two subtests.

test('top level test', async (t) => {
  await t.test('subtest 1', (t) => {
    assert.strictEqual(1, 1);
  });

  await t.test('subtest 2', (t) => {
    assert.strictEqual(2, 2);
  });
}); copy

In this example, await is used to ensure that both subtests have completed. This is necessary because parent tests do not wait for their subtests to complete. Any subtests that are still outstanding when their parent finishes are cancelled and treated as failures. Any subtest failures cause the parent test to fail.

Skipping tests#

Individual tests can be skipped by passing the skip option to the test, or by calling the test context's skip() method as shown in the following example.

// The skip option is used, but no message is provided.
test('skip option', { skip: true }, (t) => {
  // This code is never executed.
});

// The skip option is used, and a message is provided.
test('skip option with message', { skip: 'this is skipped' }, (t) => {
  // This code is never executed.
});

test('skip() method', (t) => {
  // Make sure to return here as well if the test contains additional logic.
  t.skip();
});

test('skip() method with message', (t) => {
  // Make sure to return here as well if the test contains additional logic.
  t.skip('this is skipped');
}); copy

describe/it syntax#

Running tests can also be done using describe to declare a suite and it to declare a test. A suite is used to organize and group related tests together. it is a shorthand for test().

describe('A thing', () => {
  it('should work', () => {
    assert.strictEqual(1, 1);
  });

  it('should be ok', () => {
    assert.strictEqual(2, 2);
  });

  describe('a nested thing', () => {
    it('should work', () => {
      assert.strictEqual(3, 3);
    });
  });
}); copy

describe and it are imported from the node:test module.

import { describe, it } from 'node:test';const { describe, it } = require('node:test');copy

only tests#

If Node.js is started with the --test-only command-line option, it is possible to skip all top level tests except for a selected subset by passing the only option to the tests that should be run. When a test with the only option set is run, all subtests are also run. The test context's runOnly() method can be used to implement the same behavior at the subtest level.

// Assume Node.js is run with the --test-only command-line option.
// The 'only' option is set, so this test is run.
test('this test is run', { only: true }, async (t) => {
  // Within this test, all subtests are run by default.
  await t.test('running subtest');

  // The test context can be updated to run subtests with the 'only' option.
  t.runOnly(true);
  await t.test('this subtest is now skipped');
  await t.test('this subtest is run', { only: true });

  // Switch the context back to execute all tests.
  t.runOnly(false);
  await t.test('this subtest is now run');

  // Explicitly do not run these tests.
  await t.test('skipped subtest 3', { only: false });
  await t.test('skipped subtest 4', { skip: true });
});

// The 'only' option is not set, so this test is skipped.
test('this test is not run', () => {
  // This code is not run.
  throw new Error('fail');
}); copy

Filtering tests by name#

The --test-name-pattern command-line option can be used to only run tests whose name matches the provided pattern. Test name patterns are interpreted as JavaScript regular expressions. The --test-name-pattern option can be specified multiple times in order to run nested tests. For each test that is executed, any corresponding test hooks, such as beforeEach(), are also run.

Given the following test file, starting Node.js with the --test-name-pattern="test [1-3]" option would cause the test runner to execute test 1, test 2, and test 3. If test 1 did not match the test name pattern, then its subtests would not execute, despite matching the pattern. The same set of tests could also be executed by passing --test-name-pattern multiple times (e.g. --test-name-pattern="test 1", --test-name-pattern="test 2", etc.).

test('test 1', async (t) => {
  await t.test('test 2');
  await t.test('test 3');
});

test('Test 4', async (t) => {
  await t.test('Test 5');
  await t.test('test 6');
}); copy

Test name patterns can also be specified using regular expression literals. This allows regular expression flags to be used. In the previous example, starting Node.js with --test-name-pattern="/test [4-5]/i" would match Test 4 and Test 5 because the pattern is case-insensitive.

Test name patterns do not change the set of files that the test runner executes.

Extraneous asynchronous activity#

Once a test function finishes executing, the results are reported as quickly as possible while maintaining the order of the tests. However, it is possible for the test function to generate asynchronous activity that outlives the test itself. The test runner handles this type of activity, but does not delay the reporting of test results in order to accommodate it.

In the following example, a test completes with two setImmediate() operations still outstanding. The first setImmediate() attempts to create a new subtest. Because the parent test has already finished and output its results, the new subtest is immediately marked as failed, and reported later to the <TestsStream>.

The second setImmediate() creates an uncaughtException event. uncaughtException and unhandledRejection events originating from a completed test are marked as failed by the test module and reported as diagnostic warnings at the top level by the <TestsStream>.

test('a test that creates asynchronous activity', (t) => {
  setImmediate(() => {
    t.test('subtest that is created too late', (t) => {
      throw new Error('error1');
    });
  });

  setImmediate(() => {
    throw new Error('error2');
  });

  // The test finishes after this line.
}); copy

Watch mode#

The Node.js test runner supports running in watch mode by passing the --watch flag:

node --test --watch copy

In watch mode, the test runner will watch for changes to test files and their dependencies. When a change is detected, the test runner will rerun the tests affected by the change. The test runner will continue to run until the process is terminated.

Running tests from the command line#

The Node.js test runner can be invoked from the command line by passing the --test flag:

node --test copy

By default Node.js will run all files matching these patterns:

• **/*.test.?(c|m)js
• **/*-test.?(c|m)js
• **/*_test.?(c|m)js
• **/test-*.?(c|m)js
• **/test.?(c|m)js
• **/test/**/*.?(c|m)js

Alternatively, one or more glob patterns can be provided as the final argument(s) to the Node.js command, as shown below. Glob patterns follow the behavior of glob(7).

node --test **/*.test.js **/*.spec.js copy

Matching files are executed as test files. More information on the test file execution can be found in the test runner execution model section.

Test runner execution model#

Each matching test file is executed in a separate child process. The maximum number of child processes running at any time is controlled by the --test-concurrency flag. If the child process finishes with an exit code of 0, the test is considered passing. Otherwise, the test is considered to be a failure. Test files must be executable by Node.js, but are not required to use the node:test module internally.

Each test file is executed as if it was a regular script. That is, if the test file itself uses node:test to define tests, all of those tests will be executed within a single application thread, regardless of the value of the concurrency option of test().

Collecting code coverage#

When Node.js is started with the --experimental-test-coverage command-line flag, code coverage is collected and statistics are reported once all tests have completed. If the NODE_V8_COVERAGE environment variable is used to specify a code coverage directory, the generated V8 coverage files are written to that directory. Node.js core modules and files within node_modules/ directories are not included in the coverage report. If coverage is enabled, the coverage report is sent to any test reporters via the 'test:coverage' event.

Coverage can be disabled on a series of lines using the following comment syntax:

/* node:coverage disable */
if (anAlwaysFalseCondition) {
  // Code in this branch will never be executed, but the lines are ignored for
  // coverage purposes. All lines following the 'disable' comment are ignored
  // until a corresponding 'enable' comment is encountered.
  console.log('this is never executed');
}
/* node:coverage enable */ copy

Coverage can also be disabled for a specified number of lines. After the specified number of lines, coverage will be automatically reenabled. If the number of lines is not explicitly provided, a single line is ignored.

/* node:coverage ignore next */
if (anAlwaysFalseCondition) { console.log('this is never executed'); }

/* node:coverage ignore next 3 */
if (anAlwaysFalseCondition) {
  console.log('this is never executed');
} copy

Coverage reporters#

The tap and spec reporters will print a summary of the coverage statistics. There is also an lcov reporter that will generate an lcov file which can be used as an in depth coverage report.

node --test --experimental-test-coverage --test-reporter=lcov --test-reporter-destination=lcov.info copy

Limitations#

The test runner's code coverage functionality has the following limitations, which will be addressed in a future Node.js release:

• Source maps are not supported.
• Excluding specific files or directories from the coverage report is not supported.

Mocking#

The node:test module supports mocking during testing via a top-level mock object. The following example creates a spy on a function that adds two numbers together. The spy is then used to assert that the function was called as expected.

import assert from 'node:assert';
import { mock, test } from 'node:test';

test('spies on a function', () => {
  const sum = mock.fn((a, b) => {
    return a + b;
  });

  assert.strictEqual(sum.mock.calls.length, 0);
  assert.strictEqual(sum(3, 4), 7);
  assert.strictEqual(sum.mock.calls.length, 1);

  const call = sum.mock.calls[0];
  assert.deepStrictEqual(call.arguments, [3, 4]);
  assert.strictEqual(call.result, 7);
  assert.strictEqual(call.error, undefined);

  // Reset the globally tracked mocks.
  mock.reset();
});'use strict';
const assert = require('node:assert');
const { mock, test } = require('node:test');

test('spies on a function', () => {
  const sum = mock.fn((a, b) => {
    return a + b;
  });

  assert.strictEqual(sum.mock.calls.length, 0);
  assert.strictEqual(sum(3, 4), 7);
  assert.strictEqual(sum.mock.calls.length, 1);

  const call = sum.mock.calls[0];
  assert.deepStrictEqual(call.arguments, [3, 4]);
  assert.strictEqual(call.result, 7);
  assert.strictEqual(call.error, undefined);

  // Reset the globally tracked mocks.
  mock.reset();
});copy

The same mocking functionality is also exposed on the TestContext object of each test. The following example creates a spy on an object method using the API exposed on the TestContext. The benefit of mocking via the test context is that the test runner will automatically restore all mocked functionality once the test finishes.

test('spies on an object method', (t) => {
  const number = {
    value: 5,
    add(a) {
      return this.value + a;
    },
  };

  t.mock.method(number, 'add');
  assert.strictEqual(number.add.mock.calls.length, 0);
  assert.strictEqual(number.add(3), 8);
  assert.strictEqual(number.add.mock.calls.length, 1);

  const call = number.add.mock.calls[0];

  assert.deepStrictEqual(call.arguments, [3]);
  assert.strictEqual(call.result, 8);
  assert.strictEqual(call.target, undefined);
  assert.strictEqual(call.this, number);
}); copy

Timers#

Mocking timers is a technique commonly used in software testing to simulate and control the behavior of timers, such as setInterval and setTimeout, without actually waiting for the specified time intervals.

Refer to the MockTimers class for a full list of methods and features.

This allows developers to write more reliable and predictable tests for time-dependent functionality.

The example below shows how to mock setTimeout. Using .enable({ apis: ['setTimeout'] }); it will mock the setTimeout functions in the node:timers and node:timers/promises modules, as well as from the Node.js global context.

Note: Destructuring functions such as import { setTimeout } from 'node:timers' is currently not supported by this API.

import assert from 'node:assert';
import { mock, test } from 'node:test';

test('mocks setTimeout to be executed synchronously without having to actually wait for it', () => {
  const fn = mock.fn();

  // Optionally choose what to mock
  mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['setTimeout'] });
  setTimeout(fn, 9999);
  assert.strictEqual(fn.mock.callCount(), 0);

  // Advance in time
  mock.timers.tick(9999);
  assert.strictEqual(fn.mock.callCount(), 1);

  // Reset the globally tracked mocks.
  mock.timers.reset();

  // If you call reset mock instance, it will also reset timers instance
  mock.reset();
}); copy

const assert = require('node:assert');
const { mock, test } = require('node:test');

test('mocks setTimeout to be executed synchronously without having to actually wait for it', () => {
  const fn = mock.fn();

  // Optionally choose what to mock
  mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['setTimeout'] });
  setTimeout(fn, 9999);
  assert.strictEqual(fn.mock.callCount(), 0);

  // Advance in time
  mock.timers.tick(9999);
  assert.strictEqual(fn.mock.callCount(), 1);

  // Reset the globally tracked mocks.
  mock.timers.reset();

  // If you call reset mock instance, it'll also reset timers instance
  mock.reset();
}); copy

The same mocking functionality is also exposed in the mock property on the TestContext object of each test. The benefit of mocking via the test context is that the test runner will automatically restore all mocked timers functionality once the test finishes.

import assert from 'node:assert';
import { test } from 'node:test';

test('mocks setTimeout to be executed synchronously without having to actually wait for it', (context) => {
  const fn = context.mock.fn();

  // Optionally choose what to mock
  context.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['setTimeout'] });
  setTimeout(fn, 9999);
  assert.strictEqual(fn.mock.callCount(), 0);

  // Advance in time
  context.mock.timers.tick(9999);
  assert.strictEqual(fn.mock.callCount(), 1);
}); copy

const assert = require('node:assert');
const { test } = require('node:test');

test('mocks setTimeout to be executed synchronously without having to actually wait for it', (context) => {
  const fn = context.mock.fn();

  // Optionally choose what to mock
  context.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['setTimeout'] });
  setTimeout(fn, 9999);
  assert.strictEqual(fn.mock.callCount(), 0);

  // Advance in time
  context.mock.timers.tick(9999);
  assert.strictEqual(fn.mock.callCount(), 1);
}); copy

Dates#

The mock timers API also allows the mocking of the Date object. This is a useful feature for testing time-dependent functionality, or to simulate internal calendar functions such as Date.now().

The dates implementation is also part of the MockTimers class. Refer to it for a full list of methods and features.

Note: Dates and timers are dependent when mocked together. This means that if you have both the Date and setTimeout mocked, advancing the time will also advance the mocked date as they simulate a single internal clock.

The example below show how to mock the Date object and obtain the current Date.now() value.

import assert from 'node:assert';
import { test } from 'node:test';

test('mocks the Date object', (context) => {
  // Optionally choose what to mock
  context.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['Date'] });
  // If not specified, the initial date will be based on 0 in the UNIX epoch
  assert.strictEqual(Date.now(), 0);

  // Advance in time will also advance the date
  context.mock.timers.tick(9999);
  assert.strictEqual(Date.now(), 9999);
});const assert = require('node:assert');
const { test } = require('node:test');

test('mocks the Date object', (context) => {
  // Optionally choose what to mock
  context.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['Date'] });
  // If not specified, the initial date will be based on 0 in the UNIX epoch
  assert.strictEqual(Date.now(), 0);

  // Advance in time will also advance the date
  context.mock.timers.tick(9999);
  assert.strictEqual(Date.now(), 9999);
});copy

If there is no initial epoch set, the initial date will be based on 0 in the Unix epoch. This is January 1st, 1970, 00:00:00 UTC. You can set an initial date by passing a now property to the .enable() method. This value will be used as the initial date for the mocked Date object. It can either be a positive integer, or another Date object.

import assert from 'node:assert';
import { test } from 'node:test';

test('mocks the Date object with initial time', (context) => {
  // Optionally choose what to mock
  context.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['Date'], now: 100 });
  assert.strictEqual(Date.now(), 100);

  // Advance in time will also advance the date
  context.mock.timers.tick(200);
  assert.strictEqual(Date.now(), 300);
});const assert = require('node:assert');
const { test } = require('node:test');

test('mocks the Date object with initial time', (context) => {
  // Optionally choose what to mock
  context.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['Date'], now: 100 });
  assert.strictEqual(Date.now(), 100);

  // Advance in time will also advance the date
  context.mock.timers.tick(200);
  assert.strictEqual(Date.now(), 300);
});copy

You can use the .setTime() method to manually move the mocked date to another time. This method only accepts a positive integer.

Note: This method will execute any mocked timers that are in the past from the new time.

In the below example we are setting a new time for the mocked date.

import assert from 'node:assert';
import { test } from 'node:test';

test('sets the time of a date object', (context) => {
  // Optionally choose what to mock
  context.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['Date'], now: 100 });
  assert.strictEqual(Date.now(), 100);

  // Advance in time will also advance the date
  context.mock.timers.setTime(1000);
  context.mock.timers.tick(200);
  assert.strictEqual(Date.now(), 1200);
});const assert = require('node:assert');
const { test } = require('node:test');

test('sets the time of a date object', (context) => {
  // Optionally choose what to mock
  context.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['Date'], now: 100 });
  assert.strictEqual(Date.now(), 100);

  // Advance in time will also advance the date
  context.mock.timers.setTime(1000);
  context.mock.timers.tick(200);
  assert.strictEqual(Date.now(), 1200);
});copy

If you have any timer that's set to run in the past, it will be executed as if the .tick() method has been called. This is useful if you want to test time-dependent functionality that's already in the past.

import assert from 'node:assert';
import { test } from 'node:test';

test('runs timers as setTime passes ticks', (context) => {
  // Optionally choose what to mock
  context.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['setTimeout', 'Date'] });
  const fn = context.mock.fn();
  setTimeout(fn, 1000);

  context.mock.timers.setTime(800);
  // Timer is not executed as the time is not yet reached
  assert.strictEqual(fn.mock.callCount(), 0);
  assert.strictEqual(Date.now(), 800);

  context.mock.timers.setTime(1200);
  // Timer is executed as the time is now reached
  assert.strictEqual(fn.mock.callCount(), 1);
  assert.strictEqual(Date.now(), 1200);
});const assert = require('node:assert');
const { test } = require('node:test');

test('runs timers as setTime passes ticks', (context) => {
  // Optionally choose what to mock
  context.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['setTimeout', 'Date'] });
  const fn = context.mock.fn();
  setTimeout(fn, 1000);

  context.mock.timers.setTime(800);
  // Timer is not executed as the time is not yet reached
  assert.strictEqual(fn.mock.callCount(), 0);
  assert.strictEqual(Date.now(), 800);

  context.mock.timers.setTime(1200);
  // Timer is executed as the time is now reached
  assert.strictEqual(fn.mock.callCount(), 1);
  assert.strictEqual(Date.now(), 1200);
});copy

Using .runAll() will execute all timers that are currently in the queue. This will also advance the mocked date to the time of the last timer that was executed as if the time has passed.

import assert from 'node:assert';
import { test } from 'node:test';

test('runs timers as setTime passes ticks', (context) => {
  // Optionally choose what to mock
  context.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['setTimeout', 'Date'] });
  const fn = context.mock.fn();
  setTimeout(fn, 1000);
  setTimeout(fn, 2000);
  setTimeout(fn, 3000);

  context.mock.timers.runAll();
  // All timers are executed as the time is now reached
  assert.strictEqual(fn.mock.callCount(), 3);
  assert.strictEqual(Date.now(), 3000);
});const assert = require('node:assert');
const { test } = require('node:test');

test('runs timers as setTime passes ticks', (context) => {
  // Optionally choose what to mock
  context.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['setTimeout', 'Date'] });
  const fn = context.mock.fn();
  setTimeout(fn, 1000);
  setTimeout(fn, 2000);
  setTimeout(fn, 3000);

  context.mock.timers.runAll();
  // All timers are executed as the time is now reached
  assert.strictEqual(fn.mock.callCount(), 3);
  assert.strictEqual(Date.now(), 3000);
});copy

Test reporters#

The node:test module supports passing --test-reporter flags for the test runner to use a specific reporter.

The following built-reporters are supported:

• tap The tap reporter outputs the test results in the TAP format.

• spec The spec reporter outputs the test results in a human-readable format.

• dot The dot reporter outputs the test results in a compact format, where each passing test is represented by a ., and each failing test is represented by a X.

• junit The junit reporter outputs test results in a jUnit XML format

• lcov The lcov reporter outputs test coverage when used with the --experimental-test-coverage flag.

When stdout is a TTY, the spec reporter is used by default. Otherwise, the tap reporter is used by default.

The exact output of these reporters is subject to change between versions of Node.js, and should not be relied on programmatically. If programmatic access to the test runner's output is required, use the events emitted by the <TestsStream>.

The reporters are available via the node:test/reporters module:

import { tap, spec, dot, junit, lcov } from 'node:test/reporters';const { tap, spec, dot, junit, lcov } = require('node:test/reporters');copy

Custom reporters#

--test-reporter can be used to specify a path to custom reporter. A custom reporter is a module that exports a value accepted by stream.compose. Reporters should transform events emitted by a <TestsStream>

Example of a custom reporter using <stream.Transform>:

import { Transform } from 'node:stream';

const customReporter = new Transform({
  writableObjectMode: true,
  transform(event, encoding, callback) {
    switch (event.type) {
      case 'test:dequeue':
        callback(null, `test ${event.data.name} dequeued`);
        break;
      case 'test:enqueue':
        callback(null, `test ${event.data.name} enqueued`);
        break;
      case 'test:watch:drained':
        callback(null, 'test watch queue drained');
        break;
      case 'test:start':
        callback(null, `test ${event.data.name} started`);
        break;
      case 'test:pass':
        callback(null, `test ${event.data.name} passed`);
        break;
      case 'test:fail':
        callback(null, `test ${event.data.name} failed`);
        break;
      case 'test:plan':
        callback(null, 'test plan');
        break;
      case 'test:diagnostic':
      case 'test:stderr':
      case 'test:stdout':
        callback(null, event.data.message);
        break;
      case 'test:coverage': {
        const { totalLineCount } = event.data.summary.totals;
        callback(null, `total line count: ${totalLineCount}\n`);
        break;
      }
    }
  },
});

export default customReporter;const { Transform } = require('node:stream');

const customReporter = new Transform({
  writableObjectMode: true,
  transform(event, encoding, callback) {
    switch (event.type) {
      case 'test:dequeue':
        callback(null, `test ${event.data.name} dequeued`);
        break;
      case 'test:enqueue':
        callback(null, `test ${event.data.name} enqueued`);
        break;
      case 'test:watch:drained':
        callback(null, 'test watch queue drained');
        break;
      case 'test:start':
        callback(null, `test ${event.data.name} started`);
        break;
      case 'test:pass':
        callback(null, `test ${event.data.name} passed`);
        break;
      case 'test:fail':
        callback(null, `test ${event.data.name} failed`);
        break;
      case 'test:plan':
        callback(null, 'test plan');
        break;
      case 'test:diagnostic':
      case 'test:stderr':
      case 'test:stdout':
        callback(null, event.data.message);
        break;
      case 'test:coverage': {
        const { totalLineCount } = event.data.summary.totals;
        callback(null, `total line count: ${totalLineCount}\n`);
        break;
      }
    }
  },
});

module.exports = customReporter;copy

Example of a custom reporter using a generator function:

export default async function * customReporter(source) {
  for await (const event of source) {
    switch (event.type) {
      case 'test:dequeue':
        yield `test ${event.data.name} dequeued`;
        break;
      case 'test:enqueue':
        yield `test ${event.data.name} enqueued`;
        break;
      case 'test:watch:drained':
        yield 'test watch queue drained';
        break;
      case 'test:start':
        yield `test ${event.data.name} started\n`;
        break;
      case 'test:pass':
        yield `test ${event.data.name} passed\n`;
        break;
      case 'test:fail':
        yield `test ${event.data.name} failed\n`;
        break;
      case 'test:plan':
        yield 'test plan';
        break;
      case 'test:diagnostic':
      case 'test:stderr':
      case 'test:stdout':
        yield `${event.data.message}\n`;
        break;
      case 'test:coverage': {
        const { totalLineCount } = event.data.summary.totals;
        yield `total line count: ${totalLineCount}\n`;
        break;
      }
    }
  }
}module.exports = async function * customReporter(source) {
  for await (const event of source) {
    switch (event.type) {
      case 'test:dequeue':
        yield `test ${event.data.name} dequeued`;
        break;
      case 'test:enqueue':
        yield `test ${event.data.name} enqueued`;
        break;
      case 'test:watch:drained':
        yield 'test watch queue drained';
        break;
      case 'test:start':
        yield `test ${event.data.name} started\n`;
        break;
      case 'test:pass':
        yield `test ${event.data.name} passed\n`;
        break;
      case 'test:fail':
        yield `test ${event.data.name} failed\n`;
        break;
      case 'test:plan':
        yield 'test plan\n';
        break;
      case 'test:diagnostic':
      case 'test:stderr':
      case 'test:stdout':
        yield `${event.data.message}\n`;
        break;
      case 'test:coverage': {
        const { totalLineCount } = event.data.summary.totals;
        yield `total line count: ${totalLineCount}\n`;
        break;
      }
    }
  }
};copy

The value provided to --test-reporter should be a string like one used in an import() in JavaScript code, or a value provided for --import.

Multiple reporters#

The --test-reporter flag can be specified multiple times to report test results in several formats. In this situation it is required to specify a destination for each reporter using --test-reporter-destination. Destination can be stdout, stderr, or a file path. Reporters and destinations are paired according to the order they were specified.

In the following example, the spec reporter will output to stdout, and the dot reporter will output to file.txt:

node --test-reporter=spec --test-reporter=dot --test-reporter-destination=stdout --test-reporter-destination=file.txt copy

When a single reporter is specified, the destination will default to stdout, unless a destination is explicitly provided.

run([options])#

• options <Object> Configuration options for running tests. The following properties are supported:
  • concurrency <number> | <boolean> If a number is provided, then that many test processes would run in parallel, where each process corresponds to one test file. If true, it would run os.availableParallelism() - 1 test files in parallel. If false, it would only run one test file at a time. Default: false.
  • files: <Array> An array containing the list of files to run. Default matching files from test runner execution model.
  • inspectPort <number> | <Function> Sets inspector port of test child process. This can be a number, or a function that takes no arguments and returns a number. If a nullish value is provided, each process gets its own port, incremented from the primary's process.debugPort. Default: undefined.
  • only: <boolean> If truthy, the test context will only run tests that have the only option set
  • setup <Function> A function that accepts the TestsStream instance and can be used to setup listeners before any tests are run. Default: undefined.
  • signal <AbortSignal> Allows aborting an in-progress test execution.
  • testNamePatterns <string> | <RegExp> | <Array> A String, RegExp or a RegExp Array, that can be used to only run tests whose name matches the provided pattern. Test name patterns are interpreted as JavaScript regular expressions. For each test that is executed, any corresponding test hooks, such as beforeEach(), are also run. Default: undefined.
  • timeout <number> A number of milliseconds the test execution will fail after. If unspecified, subtests inherit this value from their parent. Default: Infinity.
  • watch <boolean> Whether to run in watch mode or not. Default: false.
  • shard <Object> Running tests in a specific shard. Default: undefined.
    • index <number> is a positive integer between 1 and <total> that specifies the index of the shard to run. This option is required.
    • total <number> is a positive integer that specifies the total number of shards to split the test files to. This option is required.
• Returns: <TestsStream>

Note: shard is used to horizontally parallelize test running across machines or processes, ideal for large-scale executions across varied environments. It's incompatible with watch mode, tailored for rapid code iteration by automatically rerunning tests on file changes.

import { tap } from 'node:test/reporters';
import { run } from 'node:test';
import process from 'node:process';
import path from 'node:path';

run({ files: [path.resolve('./tests/test.js')] })
  .compose(tap)
  .pipe(process.stdout);const { tap } = require('node:test/reporters');
const { run } = require('node:test');
const path = require('node:path');

run({ files: [path.resolve('./tests/test.js')] })
  .compose(tap)
  .pipe(process.stdout);copy

test([name][, options][, fn])#

• name <string> The name of the test, which is displayed when reporting test results. Default: The name property of fn, or '<anonymous>' if fn does not have a name.
• options <Object> Configuration options for the test. The following properties are supported:
  • concurrency <number> | <boolean> If a number is provided, then that many tests would run in parallel within the application thread. If true, all scheduled asynchronous tests run concurrently within the thread. If false, only one test runs at a time. If unspecified, subtests inherit this value from their parent. Default: false.
  • only <boolean> If truthy, and the test context is configured to run only tests, then this test will be run. Otherwise, the test is skipped. Default: false.
  • signal <AbortSignal> Allows aborting an in-progress test.
  • skip <boolean> | <string> If truthy, the test is skipped. If a string is provided, that string is displayed in the test results as the reason for skipping the test. Default: false.
  • todo <boolean> | <string> If truthy, the test marked as TODO. If a string is provided, that string is displayed in the test results as the reason why the test is TODO. Default: false.
  • timeout <number> A number of milliseconds the test will fail after. If unspecified, subtests inherit this value from their parent. Default: Infinity.
• fn <Function> | <AsyncFunction> The function under test. The first argument to this function is a TestContext object. If the test uses callbacks, the callback function is passed as the second argument. Default: A no-op function.
• Returns: <Promise> Fulfilled with undefined once the test completes, or immediately if the test runs within describe().

The test() function is the value imported from the test module. Each invocation of this function results in reporting the test to the <TestsStream>.

The TestContext object passed to the fn argument can be used to perform actions related to the current test. Examples include skipping the test, adding additional diagnostic information, or creating subtests.

test() returns a Promise that fulfills once the test completes. if test() is called within a describe() block, it fulfills immediately. The return value can usually be discarded for top level tests. However, the return value from subtests should be used to prevent the parent test from finishing first and cancelling the subtest as shown in the following example.

test('top level test', async (t) => {
  // The setTimeout() in the following subtest would cause it to outlive its
  // parent test if 'await' is removed on the next line. Once the parent test
  // completes, it will cancel any outstanding subtests.
  await t.test('longer running subtest', async (t) => {
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      setTimeout(resolve, 1000);
    });
  });
}); copy

The timeout option can be used to fail the test if it takes longer than timeout milliseconds to complete. However, it is not a reliable mechanism for canceling tests because a running test might block the application thread and thus prevent the scheduled cancellation.

test.skip([name][, options][, fn])#

Shorthand for skipping a test, same as test([name], { skip: true }[, fn]).

test.todo([name][, options][, fn])#

Shorthand for marking a test as TODO, same as test([name], { todo: true }[, fn]).

test.only([name][, options][, fn])#

Shorthand for marking a test as only, same as test([name], { only: true }[, fn]).

describe([name][, options][, fn])#

• name <string> The name of the suite, which is displayed when reporting test results. Default: The name property of fn, or '<anonymous>' if fn does not have a name.
• options <Object> Configuration options for the suite. supports the same options as test([name][, options][, fn]).
• fn <Function> | <AsyncFunction> The function under suite declaring all subtests and subsuites. The first argument to this function is a SuiteContext object. Default: A no-op function.
• Returns: <Promise> Immediately fulfilled with undefined.

The describe() function imported from the node:test module. Each invocation of this function results in the creation of a Subtest. After invocation of top level describe functions, all top level tests and suites will execute.

describe.skip([name][, options][, fn])#

Shorthand for skipping a suite, same as describe([name], { skip: true }[, fn]).

describe.todo([name][, options][, fn])#

Shorthand for marking a suite as TODO, same as describe([name], { todo: true }[, fn]).

describe.only([name][, options][, fn])#

Shorthand for marking a suite as only, same as describe([name], { only: true }[, fn]).

it([name][, options][, fn])#

Shorthand for test().

The it() function is imported from the node:test module.

it.skip([name][, options][, fn])#

Shorthand for skipping a test, same as it([name], { skip: true }[, fn]).

it.todo([name][, options][, fn])#

Shorthand for marking a test as TODO, same as it([name], { todo: true }[, fn]).

it.only([name][, options][, fn])#

Shorthand for marking a test as only, same as it([name], { only: true }[, fn]).

before([fn][, options])#

• fn <Function> | <AsyncFunction> The hook function. If the hook uses callbacks, the callback function is passed as the second argument. Default: A no-op function.
• options <Object> Configuration options for the hook. The following properties are supported:
  • signal <AbortSignal> Allows aborting an in-progress hook.
  • timeout <number> A number of milliseconds the hook will fail after. If unspecified, subtests inherit this value from their parent. Default: Infinity.

This function is used to create a hook running before running a suite.

describe('tests', async () => {
  before(() => console.log('about to run some test'));
  it('is a subtest', () => {
    assert.ok('some relevant assertion here');
  });
}); copy

after([fn][, options])#

• fn <Function> | <AsyncFunction> The hook function. If the hook uses callbacks, the callback function is passed as the second argument. Default: A no-op function.
• options <Object> Configuration options for the hook. The following properties are supported:
  • signal <AbortSignal> Allows aborting an in-progress hook.
  • timeout <number> A number of milliseconds the hook will fail after. If unspecified, subtests inherit this value from their parent. Default: Infinity.

This function is used to create a hook running after running a suite.

describe('tests', async () => {
  after(() => console.log('finished running tests'));
  it('is a subtest', () => {
    assert.ok('some relevant assertion here');
  });
}); copy

beforeEach([fn][, options])#

• fn <Function> | <AsyncFunction> The hook function. If the hook uses callbacks, the callback function is passed as the second argument. Default: A no-op function.
• options <Object> Configuration options for the hook. The following properties are supported:
  • signal <AbortSignal> Allows aborting an in-progress hook.
  • timeout <number> A number of milliseconds the hook will fail after. If unspecified, subtests inherit this value from their parent. Default: Infinity.

This function is used to create a hook running before each subtest of the current suite.

describe('tests', async () => {
  beforeEach(() => console.log('about to run a test'));
  it('is a subtest', () => {
    assert.ok('some relevant assertion here');
  });
}); copy

afterEach([fn][, options])#

• fn <Function> | <AsyncFunction> The hook function. If the hook uses callbacks, the callback function is passed as the second argument. Default: A no-op function.
• options <Object> Configuration options for the hook. The following properties are supported:
  • signal <AbortSignal> Allows aborting an in-progress hook.
  • timeout <number> A number of milliseconds the hook will fail after. If unspecified, subtests inherit this value from their parent. Default: Infinity.

This function is used to create a hook running after each subtest of the current test.

describe('tests', async () => {
  afterEach(() => console.log('finished running a test'));
  it('is a subtest', () => {
    assert.ok('some relevant assertion here');
  });
}); copy

Class: MockFunctionContext#

The MockFunctionContext class is used to inspect or manipulate the behavior of mocks created via the MockTracker APIs.

ctx.calls#

• <Array>

A getter that returns a copy of the internal array used to track calls to the mock. Each entry in the array is an object with the following properties.

• arguments <Array> An array of the arguments passed to the mock function.
• error <any> If the mocked function threw then this property contains the thrown value. Default: undefined.
• result <any> The value returned by the mocked function.
• stack <Error> An Error object whose stack can be used to determine the callsite of the mocked function invocation.
• target <Function> | <undefined> If the mocked function is a constructor, this field contains the class being constructed. Otherwise this will be undefined.
• this <any> The mocked function's this value.

ctx.callCount()#

• Returns: <integer> The number of times that this mock has been invoked.

This function returns the number of times that this mock has been invoked. This function is more efficient than checking ctx.calls.length because ctx.calls is a getter that creates a copy of the internal call tracking array.

ctx.mockImplementation(implementation)#

• implementation <Function> | <AsyncFunction> The function to be used as the mock's new implementation.

This function is used to change the behavior of an existing mock.

The following example creates a mock function using t.mock.fn(), calls the mock function, and then changes the mock implementation to a different function.

test('changes a mock behavior', (t) => {
  let cnt = 0;

  function addOne() {
    cnt++;
    return cnt;
  }

  function addTwo() {
    cnt += 2;
    return cnt;
  }

  const fn = t.mock.fn(addOne);

  assert.strictEqual(fn(), 1);
  fn.mock.mockImplementation(addTwo);
  assert.strictEqual(fn(), 3);
  assert.strictEqual(fn(), 5);
}); copy

ctx.mockImplementationOnce(implementation[, onCall])#

• implementation <Function> | <AsyncFunction> The function to be used as the mock's implementation for the invocation number specified by onCall.
• onCall <integer> The invocation number that will use implementation. If the specified invocation has already occurred then an exception is thrown. Default: The number of the next invocation.

This function is used to change the behavior of an existing mock for a single invocation. Once invocation onCall has occurred, the mock will revert to whatever behavior it would have used had mockImplementationOnce() not been called.

The following example creates a mock function using t.mock.fn(), calls the mock function, changes the mock implementation to a different function for the next invocation, and then resumes its previous behavior.

test('changes a mock behavior once', (t) => {
  let cnt = 0;

  function addOne() {
    cnt++;
    return cnt;
  }

  function addTwo() {
    cnt += 2;
    return cnt;
  }

  const fn = t.mock.fn(addOne);

  assert.strictEqual(fn(), 1);
  fn.mock.mockImplementationOnce(addTwo);
  assert.strictEqual(fn(), 3);
  assert.strictEqual(fn(), 4);
}); copy

ctx.resetCalls()#

Resets the call history of the mock function.

ctx.restore()#

Resets the implementation of the mock function to its original behavior. The mock can still be used after calling this function.

Class: MockTracker#

The MockTracker class is used to manage mocking functionality. The test runner module provides a top level mock export which is a MockTracker instance. Each test also provides its own MockTracker instance via the test context's mock property.

mock.fn([original[, implementation]][, options])#

• original <Function> | <AsyncFunction> An optional function to create a mock on. Default: A no-op function.
• implementation <Function> | <AsyncFunction> An optional function used as the mock implementation for original. This is useful for creating mocks that exhibit one behavior for a specified number of calls and then restore the behavior of original. Default: The function specified by original.
• options <Object> Optional configuration options for the mock function. The following properties are supported:
  • times <integer> The number of times that the mock will use the behavior of implementation. Once the mock function has been called times times, it will automatically restore the behavior of original. This value must be an integer greater than zero. Default: Infinity.
• Returns: <Proxy> The mocked function. The mocked function contains a special mock property, which is an instance of MockFunctionContext, and can be used for inspecting and changing the behavior of the mocked function.

This function is used to create a mock function.

The following example creates a mock function that increments a counter by one on each invocation. The times option is used to modify the mock behavior such that the first two invocations add two to the counter instead of one.

test('mocks a counting function', (t) => {
  let cnt = 0;

  function addOne() {
    cnt++;
    return cnt;
  }

  function addTwo() {
    cnt += 2;
    return cnt;
  }

  const fn = t.mock.fn(addOne, addTwo, { times: 2 });

  assert.strictEqual(fn(), 2);
  assert.strictEqual(fn(), 4);
  assert.strictEqual(fn(), 5);
  assert.strictEqual(fn(), 6);
}); copy

mock.getter(object, methodName[, implementation][, options])#

This function is syntax sugar for MockTracker.method with options.getter set to true.

mock.method(object, methodName[, implementation][, options])#

• object <Object> The object whose method is being mocked.
• methodName <string> | <symbol> The identifier of the method on object to mock. If object[methodName] is not a function, an error is thrown.
• implementation <Function> | <AsyncFunction> An optional function used as the mock implementation for object[methodName]. Default: The original method specified by object[methodName].
• options <Object> Optional configuration options for the mock method. The following properties are supported:
  • getter <boolean> If true, object[methodName] is treated as a getter. This option cannot be used with the setter option. Default: false.
  • setter <boolean> If true, object[methodName] is treated as a setter. This option cannot be used with the getter option. Default: false.
  • times <integer> The number of times that the mock will use the behavior of implementation. Once the mocked method has been called times times, it will automatically restore the original behavior. This value must be an integer greater than zero. Default: Infinity.
• Returns: <Proxy> The mocked method. The mocked method contains a special mock property, which is an instance of MockFunctionContext, and can be used for inspecting and changing the behavior of the mocked method.

This function is used to create a mock on an existing object method. The following example demonstrates how a mock is created on an existing object method.

test('spies on an object method', (t) => {
  const number = {
    value: 5,
    subtract(a) {
      return this.value - a;
    },
  };

  t.mock.method(number, 'subtract');
  assert.strictEqual(number.subtract.mock.calls.length, 0);
  assert.strictEqual(number.subtract(3), 2);
  assert.strictEqual(number.subtract.mock.calls.length, 1);

  const call = number.subtract.mock.calls[0];

  assert.deepStrictEqual(call.arguments, [3]);
  assert.strictEqual(call.result, 2);
  assert.strictEqual(call.error, undefined);
  assert.strictEqual(call.target, undefined);
  assert.strictEqual(call.this, number);
}); copy

mock.reset()#

This function restores the default behavior of all mocks that were previously created by this MockTracker and disassociates the mocks from the MockTracker instance. Once disassociated, the mocks can still be used, but the MockTracker instance can no longer be used to reset their behavior or otherwise interact with them.

After each test completes, this function is called on the test context's MockTracker. If the global MockTracker is used extensively, calling this function manually is recommended.

mock.restoreAll()#

This function restores the default behavior of all mocks that were previously created by this MockTracker. Unlike mock.reset(), mock.restoreAll() does not disassociate the mocks from the MockTracker instance.

mock.setter(object, methodName[, implementation][, options])#

This function is syntax sugar for MockTracker.method with options.setter set to true.

Class: MockTimers#

Mocking timers is a technique commonly used in software testing to simulate and control the behavior of timers, such as setInterval and setTimeout, without actually waiting for the specified time intervals.

MockTimers is also able to mock the Date object.

The MockTracker provides a top-level timers export which is a MockTimers instance.

timers.enable([enableOptions])#

Enables timer mocking for the specified timers.

• enableOptions <Object> Optional configuration options for enabling timer mocking. The following properties are supported:
  • apis <Array> An optional array containing the timers to mock. The currently supported timer values are 'setInterval', 'setTimeout', 'setImmediate', and 'Date'. Default: ['setInterval', 'setTimeout', 'setImmediate', 'Date']. If no array is provided, all time related APIs ('setInterval', 'clearInterval', 'setTimeout', 'clearTimeout', and 'Date') will be mocked by default.
  • now <number> | <Date> An optional number or Date object representing the initial time (in milliseconds) to use as the value for Date.now(). Default: 0.

Note: When you enable mocking for a specific timer, its associated clear function will also be implicitly mocked.

Note: Mocking Date will affect the behavior of the mocked timers as they use the same internal clock.

Example usage without setting initial time:

import { mock } from 'node:test';
mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['setInterval'] });const { mock } = require('node:test');
mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['setInterval'] });copy

The above example enables mocking for the setInterval timer and implicitly mocks the clearInterval function. Only the setInterval and clearInterval functions from node:timers, node:timers/promises, and globalThis will be mocked.

Example usage with initial time set

import { mock } from 'node:test';
mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['Date'], now: 1000 });const { mock } = require('node:test');
mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['Date'], now: 1000 });copy

Example usage with initial Date object as time set

import { mock } from 'node:test';
mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['Date'], now: new Date() });const { mock } = require('node:test');
mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['Date'], now: new Date() });copy

Alternatively, if you call mock.timers.enable() without any parameters:

All timers ('setInterval', 'clearInterval', 'setTimeout', and 'clearTimeout') will be mocked. The setInterval, clearInterval, setTimeout, and clearTimeout functions from node:timers, node:timers/promises, and globalThis will be mocked. As well as the global Date object.

timers.reset()#

This function restores the default behavior of all mocks that were previously created by this MockTimers instance and disassociates the mocks from the MockTracker instance.

Note: After each test completes, this function is called on the test context's MockTracker.

import { mock } from 'node:test';
mock.timers.reset();const { mock } = require('node:test');
mock.timers.reset();copy

timers[Symbol.dispose]()#

Calls timers.reset().

timers.tick(milliseconds)#

Advances time for all mocked timers.

• milliseconds <number> The amount of time, in milliseconds, to advance the timers.

Note: This diverges from how setTimeout in Node.js behaves and accepts only positive numbers. In Node.js, setTimeout with negative numbers is only supported for web compatibility reasons.

The following example mocks a setTimeout function and by using .tick advances in time triggering all pending timers.

import assert from 'node:assert';
import { test } from 'node:test';

test('mocks setTimeout to be executed synchronously without having to actually wait for it', (context) => {
  const fn = context.mock.fn();

  context.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['setTimeout'] });

  setTimeout(fn, 9999);

  assert.strictEqual(fn.mock.callCount(), 0);

  // Advance in time
  context.mock.timers.tick(9999);

  assert.strictEqual(fn.mock.callCount(), 1);
});const assert = require('node:assert');
const { test } = require('node:test');

test('mocks setTimeout to be executed synchronously without having to actually wait for it', (context) => {
  const fn = context.mock.fn();
  context.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['setTimeout'] });

  setTimeout(fn, 9999);
  assert.strictEqual(fn.mock.callCount(), 0);

  // Advance in time
  context.mock.timers.tick(9999);

  assert.strictEqual(fn.mock.callCount(), 1);
});copy

Alternativelly, the .tick function can be called many times

import assert from 'node:assert';
import { test } from 'node:test';

test('mocks setTimeout to be executed synchronously without having to actually wait for it', (context) => {
  const fn = context.mock.fn();
  context.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['setTimeout'] });
  const nineSecs = 9000;
  setTimeout(fn, nineSecs);

  const twoSeconds = 3000;
  context.mock.timers.tick(twoSeconds);
  context.mock.timers.tick(twoSeconds);
  context.mock.timers.tick(twoSeconds);

  assert.strictEqual(fn.mock.callCount(), 1);
});const assert = require('node:assert');
const { test } = require('node:test');

test('mocks setTimeout to be executed synchronously without having to actually wait for it', (context) => {
  const fn = context.mock.fn();
  context.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['setTimeout'] });
  const nineSecs = 9000;
  setTimeout(fn, nineSecs);

  const twoSeconds = 3000;
  context.mock.timers.tick(twoSeconds);
  context.mock.timers.tick(twoSeconds);
  context.mock.timers.tick(twoSeconds);

  assert.strictEqual(fn.mock.callCount(), 1);
});copy

Advancing time using .tick will also advance the time for any Date object created after the mock was enabled (if Date was also set to be mocked).

import assert from 'node:assert';
import { test } from 'node:test';

test('mocks setTimeout to be executed synchronously without having to actually wait for it', (context) => {
  const fn = context.mock.fn();

  context.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['setTimeout', 'Date'] });
  setTimeout(fn, 9999);

  assert.strictEqual(fn.mock.callCount(), 0);
  assert.strictEqual(Date.now(), 0);

  // Advance in time
  context.mock.timers.tick(9999);
  assert.strictEqual(fn.mock.callCount(), 1);
  assert.strictEqual(Date.now(), 9999);
});const assert = require('node:assert');
const { test } = require('node:test');

test('mocks setTimeout to be executed synchronously without having to actually wait for it', (context) => {
  const fn = context.mock.fn();
  context.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['setTimeout', 'Date'] });

  setTimeout(fn, 9999);
  assert.strictEqual(fn.mock.callCount(), 0);
  assert.strictEqual(Date.now(), 0);

  // Advance in time
  context.mock.timers.tick(9999);
  assert.strictEqual(fn.mock.callCount(), 1);
  assert.strictEqual(Date.now(), 9999);
});copy

Using clear functions#

As mentioned, all clear functions from timers (clearTimeout and clearInterval) are implicity mocked. Take a look at this example using setTimeout:

import assert from 'node:assert';
import { test } from 'node:test';

test('mocks setTimeout to be executed synchronously without having to actually wait for it', (context) => {
  const fn = context.mock.fn();

  // Optionally choose what to mock
  context.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['setTimeout'] });
  const id = setTimeout(fn, 9999);

  // Implicity mocked as well
  clearTimeout(id);
  context.mock.timers.tick(9999);

  // As that setTimeout was cleared the mock function will never be called
  assert.strictEqual(fn.mock.callCount(), 0);
});const assert = require('node:assert');
const { test } = require('node:test');

test('mocks setTimeout to be executed synchronously without having to actually wait for it', (context) => {
  const fn = context.mock.fn();

  // Optionally choose what to mock
  context.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['setTimeout'] });
  const id = setTimeout(fn, 9999);

  // Implicity mocked as well
  clearTimeout(id);
  context.mock.timers.tick(9999);

  // As that setTimeout was cleared the mock function will never be called
  assert.strictEqual(fn.mock.callCount(), 0);
});copy

Working with Node.js timers modules#

Once you enable mocking timers, node:timers, node:timers/promises modules, and timers from the Node.js global context are enabled:

Note: Destructuring functions such as import { setTimeout } from 'node:timers' is currently not supported by this API.

import assert from 'node:assert';
import { test } from 'node:test';
import nodeTimers from 'node:timers';
import nodeTimersPromises from 'node:timers/promises';

test('mocks setTimeout to be executed synchronously without having to actually wait for it', async (context) => {
  const globalTimeoutObjectSpy = context.mock.fn();
  const nodeTimerSpy = context.mock.fn();
  const nodeTimerPromiseSpy = context.mock.fn();

  // Optionally choose what to mock
  context.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['setTimeout'] });
  setTimeout(globalTimeoutObjectSpy, 9999);
  nodeTimers.setTimeout(nodeTimerSpy, 9999);

  const promise = nodeTimersPromises.setTimeout(9999).then(nodeTimerPromiseSpy);

  // Advance in time
  context.mock.timers.tick(9999);
  assert.strictEqual(globalTimeoutObjectSpy.mock.callCount(), 1);
  assert.strictEqual(nodeTimerSpy.mock.callCount(), 1);
  await promise;
  assert.strictEqual(nodeTimerPromiseSpy.mock.callCount(), 1);
});const assert = require('node:assert');
const { test } = require('node:test');
const nodeTimers = require('node:timers');
const nodeTimersPromises = require('node:timers/promises');

test('mocks setTimeout to be executed synchronously without having to actually wait for it', async (context) => {
  const globalTimeoutObjectSpy = context.mock.fn();
  const nodeTimerSpy = context.mock.fn();
  const nodeTimerPromiseSpy = context.mock.fn();

  // Optionally choose what to mock
  context.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['setTimeout'] });
  setTimeout(globalTimeoutObjectSpy, 9999);
  nodeTimers.setTimeout(nodeTimerSpy, 9999);

  const promise = nodeTimersPromises.setTimeout(9999).then(nodeTimerPromiseSpy);

  // Advance in time
  context.mock.timers.tick(9999);
  assert.strictEqual(globalTimeoutObjectSpy.mock.callCount(), 1);
  assert.strictEqual(nodeTimerSpy.mock.callCount(), 1);
  await promise;
  assert.strictEqual(nodeTimerPromiseSpy.mock.callCount(), 1);
});copy

In Node.js, setInterval from node:timers/promises is an AsyncGenerator and is also supported by this API:

import assert from 'node:assert';
import { test } from 'node:test';
import nodeTimersPromises from 'node:timers/promises';
test('should tick five times testing a real use case', async (context) => {
  context.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['setInterval'] });

  const expectedIterations = 3;
  const interval = 1000;
  const startedAt = Date.now();
  async function run() {
    const times = [];
    for await (const time of nodeTimersPromises.setInterval(interval, startedAt)) {
      times.push(time);
      if (times.length === expectedIterations) break;
    }
    return times;
  }

  const r = run();
  context.mock.timers.tick(interval);
  context.mock.timers.tick(interval);
  context.mock.timers.tick(interval);

  const timeResults = await r;
  assert.strictEqual(timeResults.length, expectedIterations);
  for (let it = 1; it < expectedIterations; it++) {
    assert.strictEqual(timeResults[it - 1], startedAt + (interval * it));
  }
});const assert = require('node:assert');
const { test } = require('node:test');
const nodeTimersPromises = require('node:timers/promises');
test('should tick five times testing a real use case', async (context) => {
  context.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['setInterval'] });

  const expectedIterations = 3;
  const interval = 1000;
  const startedAt = Date.now();
  async function run() {
    const times = [];
    for await (const time of nodeTimersPromises.setInterval(interval, startedAt)) {
      times.push(time);
      if (times.length === expectedIterations) break;
    }
    return times;
  }

  const r = run();
  context.mock.timers.tick(interval);
  context.mock.timers.tick(interval);
  context.mock.timers.tick(interval);

  const timeResults = await r;
  assert.strictEqual(timeResults.length, expectedIterations);
  for (let it = 1; it < expectedIterations; it++) {
    assert.strictEqual(timeResults[it - 1], startedAt + (interval * it));
  }
});copy

timers.runAll()#

Triggers all pending mocked timers immediately. If the Date object is also mocked, it will also advance the Date object to the furthest timer's time.

The example below triggers all pending timers immediately, causing them to execute without any delay.

import assert from 'node:assert';
import { test } from 'node:test';

test('runAll functions following the given order', (context) => {
  context.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['setTimeout', 'Date'] });
  const results = [];
  setTimeout(() => results.push(1), 9999);

  // Notice that if both timers have the same timeout,
  // the order of execution is guaranteed
  setTimeout(() => results.push(3), 8888);
  setTimeout(() => results.push(2), 8888);

  assert.deepStrictEqual(results, []);

  context.mock.timers.runAll();
  assert.deepStrictEqual(results, [3, 2, 1]);
  // The Date object is also advanced to the furthest timer's time
  assert.strictEqual(Date.now(), 9999);
});const assert = require('node:assert');
const { test } = require('node:test');

test('runAll functions following the given order', (context) => {
  context.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['setTimeout', 'Date'] });
  const results = [];
  setTimeout(() => results.push(1), 9999);

  // Notice that if both timers have the same timeout,
  // the order of execution is guaranteed
  setTimeout(() => results.push(3), 8888);
  setTimeout(() => results.push(2), 8888);

  assert.deepStrictEqual(results, []);

  context.mock.timers.runAll();
  assert.deepStrictEqual(results, [3, 2, 1]);
  // The Date object is also advanced to the furthest timer's time
  assert.strictEqual(Date.now(), 9999);
});copy

Note: The runAll() function is specifically designed for triggering timers in the context of timer mocking. It does not have any effect on real-time system clocks or actual timers outside of the mocking environment.

timers.setTime(milliseconds)#

Sets the current Unix timestamp that will be used as reference for any mocked Date objects.

import assert from 'node:assert';
import { test } from 'node:test';

test('runAll functions following the given order', (context) => {
  const now = Date.now();
  const setTime = 1000;
  // Date.now is not mocked
  assert.deepStrictEqual(Date.now(), now);

  context.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['Date'] });
  context.mock.timers.setTime(setTime);
  // Date.now is now 1000
  assert.strictEqual(Date.now(), setTime);
});const assert = require('node:assert');
const { test } = require('node:test');

test('setTime replaces current time', (context) => {
  const now = Date.now();
  const setTime = 1000;
  // Date.now is not mocked
  assert.deepStrictEqual(Date.now(), now);

  context.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['Date'] });
  context.mock.timers.setTime(setTime);
  // Date.now is now 1000
  assert.strictEqual(Date.now(), setTime);
});copy

Dates and Timers working together#

Dates and timer objects are dependent on each other. If you use setTime() to pass the current time to the mocked Date object, the set timers with setTimeout and setInterval will not be affected.

However, the tick method will advanced the mocked Date object.

import assert from 'node:assert';
import { test } from 'node:test';

test('runAll functions following the given order', (context) => {
  context.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['setTimeout', 'Date'] });
  const results = [];
  setTimeout(() => results.push(1), 9999);

  assert.deepStrictEqual(results, []);
  context.mock.timers.setTime(12000);
  assert.deepStrictEqual(results, []);
  // The date is advanced but the timers don't tick
  assert.strictEqual(Date.now(), 12000);
});const assert = require('node:assert');
const { test } = require('node:test');

test('runAll functions following the given order', (context) => {
  context.mock.timers.enable({ apis: ['setTimeout', 'Date'] });
  const results = [];
  setTimeout(() => results.push(1), 9999);

  assert.deepStrictEqual(results, []);
  context.mock.timers.setTime(12000);
  assert.deepStrictEqual(results, []);
  // The date is advanced but the timers don't tick
  assert.strictEqual(Date.now(), 12000);
});copy

Class: TestsStream#

• Extends <ReadableStream>

A successful call to run() method will return a new <TestsStream> object, streaming a series of events representing the execution of the tests. TestsStream will emit events, in the order of the tests definition

Event: 'test:coverage'#

• data <Object>
  • summary <Object> An object containing the coverage report.
    • files <Array> An array of coverage reports for individual files. Each report is an object with the following schema:
      • path <string> The absolute path of the file.
      • totalLineCount <number> The total number of lines.
      • totalBranchCount <number> The total number of branches.
      • totalFunctionCount <number> The total number of functions.
      • coveredLineCount <number> The number of covered lines.
      • coveredBranchCount <number> The number of covered branches.
      • coveredFunctionCount <number> The number of covered functions.
      • coveredLinePercent <number> The percentage of lines covered.
      • coveredBranchPercent <number> The percentage of branches covered.
      • coveredFunctionPercent <number> The percentage of functions covered.
      • functions <Array> An array of functions representing function coverage.
        • name <string> The name of the function.
        • line <number> The line number where the function is defined.
        • count <number> The number of times the function was called.
      • branches <Array> An array of branches representing branch coverage.
        • line <number> The line number where the branch is defined.
        • count <number> The number of times the branch was taken.
      • lines <Array> An array of lines representing line numbers and the number of times they were covered.
        • line <number> The line number.
        • count <number> The number of times the line was covered.
    • totals <Object> An object containing a summary of coverage for all files.
      • totalLineCount <number> The total number of lines.
      • totalBranchCount <number> The total number of branches.
      • totalFunctionCount <number> The total number of functions.
      • coveredLineCount <number> The number of covered lines.
      • coveredBranchCount <number> The number of covered branches.
      • coveredFunctionCount <number> The number of covered functions.
      • coveredLinePercent <number> The percentage of lines covered.
      • coveredBranchPercent <number> The percentage of branches covered.
      • coveredFunctionPercent <number> The percentage of functions covered.
    • workingDirectory <string> The working directory when code coverage began. This is useful for displaying relative path names in case the tests changed the working directory of the Node.js process.
  • nesting <number> The nesting level of the test.

Emitted when code coverage is enabled and all tests have completed.

Event: 'test:dequeue'#

• data <Object>
  • column <number> | <undefined> The column number where the test is defined, or undefined if the test was run through the REPL.
  • file <string> | <undefined> The path of the test file, undefined if test was run through the REPL.
  • line <number> | <undefined> The line number where the test is defined, or undefined if the test was run through the REPL.
  • name <string> The test name.
  • nesting <number> The nesting level of the test.

Emitted when a test is dequeued, right before it is executed.

Event: 'test:diagnostic'#

• data <Object>
  • column <number> | <undefined> The column number where the test is defined, or undefined if the test was run through the REPL.
  • file <string> | <undefined> The path of the test file, undefined if test was run through the REPL.
  • line <number> | <undefined> The line number where the test is defined, or undefined if the test was run through the REPL.
  • message <string> The diagnostic message.
  • nesting <number> The nesting level of the test.

Emitted when context.diagnostic is called.

Event: 'test:enqueue'#

• data <Object>
  • column <number> | <undefined> The column number where the test is defined, or undefined if the test was run through the REPL.
  • file <string> | <undefined> The path of the test file, undefined if test was run through the REPL.
  • line <number> | <undefined> The line number where the test is defined, or undefined if the test was run through the REPL.
  • name <string> The test name.
  • nesting <number> The nesting level of the test.

Emitted when a test is enqueued for execution.

Event: 'test:fail'#

• data <Object>
  • column <number> | <undefined> The column number where the test is defined, or undefined if the test was run through the REPL.
  • details <Object> Additional execution metadata.
    • duration_ms <number> The duration of the test in milliseconds.
    • error <Error> An error wrapping the error thrown by the test.
      • cause <Error> The actual error thrown by the test.
    • type <string> | <undefined> The type of the test, used to denote whether this is a suite.
  • file <string> | <undefined> The path of the test file, undefined if test was run through the REPL.
  • line <number> | <undefined> The line number where the test is defined, or undefined if the test was run through the REPL.
  • name <string> The test name.
  • nesting <number> The nesting level of the test.
  • testNumber <number> The ordinal number of the test.
  • todo <string> | <boolean> | <undefined> Present if context.todo is called
  • skip <string> | <boolean> | <undefined> Present if context.skip is called

Emitted when a test fails.

Event: 'test:pass'#

• data <Object>
  • column <number> | <undefined> The column number where the test is defined, or undefined if the test was run through the REPL.
  • details <Object> Additional execution metadata.
    • duration_ms <number> The duration of the test in milliseconds.
    • type <string> | <undefined> The type of the test, used to denote whether this is a suite.
  • file <string> | <undefined> The path of the test file, undefined if test was run through the REPL.
  • line <number> | <undefined> The line number where the test is defined, or undefined if the test was run through the REPL.
  • name <string> The test name.
  • nesting <number> The nesting level of the test.
  • testNumber <number> The ordinal number of the test.
  • todo <string> | <boolean> | <undefined> Present if context.todo is called
  • skip <string> | <boolean> | <undefined> Present if context.skip is called

Emitted when a test passes.

Event: 'test:plan'#

• data <Object>
  • column <number> | <undefined> The column number where the test is defined, or undefined if the test was run through the REPL.
  • file <string> | <undefined> The path of the test file, undefined if test was run through the REPL.
  • line <number> | <undefined> The line number where the test is defined, or undefined if the test was run through the REPL.
  • nesting <number> The nesting level of the test.
  • count <number> The number of subtests that have ran.

Emitted when all subtests have completed for a given test.

Event: 'test:start'#

• data <Object>
  • column <number> | <undefined> The column number where the test is defined, or undefined if the test was run through the REPL.
  • file <string> | <undefined> The path of the test file, undefined if test was run through the REPL.
  • line <number> | <undefined> The line number where the test is defined, or undefined if the test was run through the REPL.
  • name <string> The test name.
  • nesting <number> The nesting level of the test.

Emitted when a test starts reporting its own and its subtests status. This event is guaranteed to be emitted in the same order as the tests are defined.

Event: 'test:stderr'#

• data <Object>
  • column <number> | <undefined> The column number where the test is defined, or undefined if the test was run through the REPL.
  • file <string> The path of the test file.
  • line <number> | <undefined> The line number where the test is defined, or undefined if the test was run through the REPL.
  • message <string> The message written to stderr.

Emitted when a running test writes to stderr. This event is only emitted if --test flag is passed.

Event: 'test:stdout'#

• data <Object>
  • column <number> | <undefined> The column number where the test is defined, or undefined if the test was run through the REPL.
  • file <string> The path of the test file.
  • line <number> | <undefined> The line number where the test is defined, or undefined if the test was run through the REPL.
  • message <string> The message written to stdout.

Emitted when a running test writes to stdout. This event is only emitted if --test flag is passed.

Event: 'test:watch:drained'#

Emitted when no more tests are queued for execution in watch mode.

Class: TestContext#

An instance of TestContext is passed to each test function in order to interact with the test runner. However, the TestContext constructor is not exposed as part of the API.

context.before([fn][, options])#

• fn <Function> | <AsyncFunction> The hook function. The first argument to this function is a TestContext object. If the hook uses callbacks, the callback function is passed as the second argument. Default: A no-op function.
• options <Object> Configuration options for the hook. The following properties are supported:
  • signal <AbortSignal> Allows aborting an in-progress hook.
  • timeout <number> A number of milliseconds the hook will fail after. If unspecified, subtests inherit this value from their parent. Default: Infinity.

This function is used to create a hook running before subtest of the current test.

context.beforeEach([fn][, options])#

• fn <Function> | <AsyncFunction> The hook function. The first argument to this function is a TestContext object. If the hook uses callbacks, the callback function is passed as the second argument. Default: A no-op function.
• options <Object> Configuration options for the hook. The following properties are supported:
  • signal <AbortSignal> Allows aborting an in-progress hook.
  • timeout <number> A number of milliseconds the hook will fail after. If unspecified, subtests inherit this value from their parent. Default: Infinity.

This function is used to create a hook running before each subtest of the current test.

test('top level test', async (t) => {
  t.beforeEach((t) => t.diagnostic(`about to run ${t.name}`));
  await t.test(
    'This is a subtest',
    (t) => {
      assert.ok('some relevant assertion here');
    },
  );
}); copy

context.after([fn][, options])#

• fn <Function> | <AsyncFunction> The hook function. The first argument to this function is a TestContext object. If the hook uses callbacks, the callback function is passed as the second argument. Default: A no-op function.
• options <Object> Configuration options for the hook. The following properties are supported:
  • signal <AbortSignal> Allows aborting an in-progress hook.
  • timeout <number> A number of milliseconds the hook will fail after. If unspecified, subtests inherit this value from their parent. Default: Infinity.

This function is used to create a hook that runs after the current test finishes.

test('top level test', async (t) => {
  t.after((t) => t.diagnostic(`finished running ${t.name}`));
  assert.ok('some relevant assertion here');
}); copy

context.afterEach([fn][, options])#

• fn <Function> | <AsyncFunction> The hook function. The first argument to this function is a TestContext object. If the hook uses callbacks, the callback function is passed as the second argument. Default: A no-op function.
• options <Object> Configuration options for the hook. The following properties are supported:
  • signal <AbortSignal> Allows aborting an in-progress hook.
  • timeout <number> A number of milliseconds the hook will fail after. If unspecified, subtests inherit this value from their parent. Default: Infinity.

This function is used to create a hook running after each subtest of the current test.

test('top level test', async (t) => {
  t.afterEach((t) => t.diagnostic(`finished running ${t.name}`));
  await t.test(
    'This is a subtest',
    (t) => {
      assert.ok('some relevant assertion here');
    },
  );
}); copy

context.diagnostic(message)#

• message <string> Message to be reported.

This function is used to write diagnostics to the output. Any diagnostic information is included at the end of the test's results. This function does not return a value.

test('top level test', (t) => {
  t.diagnostic('A diagnostic message');
}); copy

context.name#

The name of the test.

context.runOnly(shouldRunOnlyTests)#

• shouldRunOnlyTests <boolean> Whether or not to run only tests.

If shouldRunOnlyTests is truthy, the test context will only run tests that have the only option set. Otherwise, all tests are run. If Node.js was not started with the --test-only command-line option, this function is a no-op.

test('top level test', (t) => {
  // The test context can be set to run subtests with the 'only' option.
  t.runOnly(true);
  return Promise.all([
    t.test('this subtest is now skipped'),
    t.test('this subtest is run', { only: true }),
  ]);
}); copy

context.signal#

• <AbortSignal> Can be used to abort test subtasks when the test has been aborted.

test('top level test', async (t) => {
  await fetch('some/uri', { signal: t.signal });
}); copy

context.skip([message])#

• message <string> Optional skip message.

This function causes the test's output to indicate the test as skipped. If message is provided, it is included in the output. Calling skip() does not terminate execution of the test function. This function does not return a value.

test('top level test', (t) => {
  // Make sure to return here as well if the test contains additional logic.
  t.skip('this is skipped');
}); copy

context.todo([message])#

• message <string> Optional TODO message.

This function adds a TODO directive to the test's output. If message is provided, it is included in the output. Calling todo() does not terminate execution of the test function. This function does not return a value.

test('top level test', (t) => {
  // This test is marked as `TODO`
  t.todo('this is a todo');
}); copy

context.test([name][, options][, fn])#

• name <string> The name of the subtest, which is displayed when reporting test results. Default: The name property of fn, or '<anonymous>' if fn does not have a name.
• options <Object> Configuration options for the subtest. The following properties are supported:
  • concurrency <number> | <boolean> | <null> If a number is provided, then that many tests would run in parallel within the application thread. If true, it would run all subtests in parallel. If false, it would only run one test at a time. If unspecified, subtests inherit this value from their parent. Default: null.
  • only <boolean> If truthy, and the test context is configured to run only tests, then this test will be run. Otherwise, the test is skipped. Default: false.
  • signal <AbortSignal> Allows aborting an in-progress test.
  • skip <boolean> | <string> If truthy, the test is skipped. If a string is provided, that string is displayed in the test results as the reason for skipping the test. Default: false.
  • todo <boolean> | <string> If truthy, the test marked as TODO. If a string is provided, that string is displayed in the test results as the reason why the test is TODO. Default: false.
  • timeout <number> A number of milliseconds the test will fail after. If unspecified, subtests inherit this value from their parent. Default: Infinity.
• fn <Function> | <AsyncFunction> The function under test. The first argument to this function is a TestContext object. If the test uses callbacks, the callback function is passed as the second argument. Default: A no-op function.
• Returns: <Promise> Fulfilled with undefined once the test completes.

This function is used to create subtests under the current test. This function behaves in the same fashion as the top level test() function.

test('top level test', async (t) => {
  await t.test(
    'This is a subtest',
    { only: false, skip: false, concurrency: 1, todo: false },
    (t) => {
      assert.ok('some relevant assertion here');
    },
  );
}); copy

Class: SuiteContext#

An instance of SuiteContext is passed to each suite function in order to interact with the test runner. However, the SuiteContext constructor is not exposed as part of the API.

context.name#

The name of the suite.

context.signal#

• <AbortSignal> Can be used to abort test subtasks when the test has been aborted.