# VK_QCOM_render_pass_transform(3) Manual Page

## Name

VK_QCOM_render_pass_transform - device extension

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## Registered Extension Number

283

## Revision

4

## Ratification Status

Not ratified

## Extension and Version Dependencies

None

## Contact

- Matthew Netsch [GitHub]mnetsch

## Other Extension Metadata

Last Modified Date

  2023-12-13

Interactions and External Dependencies

  - This extension interacts with `VK_KHR_swapchain`

  - This extension interacts with `VK_KHR_surface`

  - This extension interacts with `VK_EXT_fragment_density_map`

  - This extension interacts with `VK_KHR_fragment_shading_rate`

  - This extension interacts with `VK_QCOM_tile_properties`

Contributors

  - Jeff Leger, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.

  - Brandon Light, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.

  - Matthew Netsch, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.

  - Arpit Agarwal, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.

## Description

This extension provides a mechanism for applications to enable driver support for render pass transform.

Mobile devices can be rotated and mobile applications need to render properly when a device is held in a landscape or portrait orientation. When the current orientation differs from the device’s native orientation, a rotation is required so that the “up” direction of the rendered scene matches the current orientation.

If the Display Processing Unit (DPU) does not natively support rotation, the Vulkan presentation engine can handle this rotation in a separate composition pass. Alternatively, the application can render frames “pre-rotated” to avoid this extra pass. The latter is preferred to reduce power consumption and achieve the best performance because it avoids tasking the GPU with extra work to perform the copy/rotate operation.

Unlike OpenGL ES, the burden of pre-rotation in Vulkan falls on the application. To implement pre-rotation, applications render into swapchain images matching the device native aspect ratio of the display and “pre-rotate” the rendering content to match the device’s current orientation. The burden is more than adjusting the Model View Projection (MVP) matrix in the vertex shader to account for rotation and aspect ratio. The coordinate systems of scissors, viewports, derivatives and several shader built-ins may need to be adapted to produce the correct result.

It is difficult for some game engines to manage this burden; many chose to simply accept the performance/power overhead of performing rotation in the presentation engine.

This extension allows applications to achieve the performance benefits of pre-rotated rendering by moving much of the above-mentioned burden to the graphics driver. The following is unchanged with this extension:

- Applications create a swapchain matching the native orientation of the display. Applications must also set the VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR::`preTransform` equal to the `currentTransform` as returned by vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR.

The following is changed with this extension:

- At vkCmdBeginRenderPass, the application provides extension struct VkRenderPassTransformBeginInfoQCOM specifying the render pass transform parameters.

- At vkBeginCommandBuffer for secondary command buffers, the application provides extension struct VkCommandBufferInheritanceRenderPassTransformInfoQCOM specifying the render pass transform parameters.

- The `renderArea`, viewports, scissors, and `fragmentSize` are all provided in the current (non-rotated) coordinate system. The implementation will transform those into the native (rotated) coordinate system.

- The implementation is responsible for transforming shader built-ins (`FragCoord`, `PointCoord`, `SamplePosition`, `PrimitiveShadingRateKHR`, interpolateAt(), dFdx, dFdy, fWidth) into the rotated coordinate system.

- The implementation is responsible for transforming `position` to the rotated coordinate system.

- If this extension is used with `VK_QCOM_tile_properties`, then vkGetFramebufferTilePropertiesQCOM and vkGetDynamicRenderingTilePropertiesQCOM return tile properties in the rotated coordinate space.

## New Structures

- Extending VkCommandBufferInheritanceInfo:

  - VkCommandBufferInheritanceRenderPassTransformInfoQCOM

- Extending VkRenderPassBeginInfo:

  - VkRenderPassTransformBeginInfoQCOM

## New Enum Constants

- `VK_QCOM_RENDER_PASS_TRANSFORM_EXTENSION_NAME`

- `VK_QCOM_RENDER_PASS_TRANSFORM_SPEC_VERSION`

- Extending VkRenderPassCreateFlagBits:

  - `VK_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_TRANSFORM_BIT_QCOM`

- Extending VkStructureType:

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_INHERITANCE_RENDER_PASS_TRANSFORM_INFO_QCOM`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_TRANSFORM_BEGIN_INFO_QCOM`

## Issues

1) Some early Adreno drivers (October 2019 through March 2020) advertised support for this extension but expected VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE values different from those in the vukan headers. To cover all Adreno devices on the market, applications need to detect the driver version and use the appropriate VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE values from the table below.

The driver version reported in VkPhysicalDeviceProperties.driverVersion is a `uint32_t` type. You can decode the `uint32_t` value into a major.minor.patch version as shown below:

    uint32_t  major = ((driverVersion) >> 22);
    uint32_t  minor = ((driverVersion) >> 12) & 0x3ff);
    uint32_t  patch = ((driverVersion) & 0xfff);

If the Adreno major.minor.patch version is greater than or equal to 512.469.0, then simply use the VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE values as defined in vulkan_core.h. If the version is less than or equal to 512.468.0, then use the alternate values for the two VK_STRUCTURE_TYPEs in the table below.

Table 1. `Adreno` Driver Requirements
| Adreno Driver Version
--- | ---
| 512.468.0 and earlier | 512.469.0 and later
VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ RENDER_PASS_TRANSFORM_BEGIN_INFO_QCOM | 1000282000 | 1000282001
VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ COMMAND_BUFFER_INHERITANCE_RENDER_PASS_TRANSFORM_INFO_QCOM | 1000282001 | 1000282000

2) Should the extension support only rotations (e.g. 90, 180, 270-degrees), or also mirror transforms (e.g. vertical flips)? Mobile use cases only require rotation. Other display systems such as projectors might require a flipped transform.

RESOLVED: In this version of the extension, the functionality is restricted to 90, 180, and 270-degree rotations to address mobile use cases.

3) How does this extension interact with VK_EXT_fragment_density_map?

RESOLVED Some implementations may not be able to support a render pass that enables both render pass transform and fragment density maps. For simplicity, this extension disallows enabling both features within a single render pass.

4) What should this extension be named?

We considered names such as “rotated_rendering”, “pre_rotation” and others. Since the functionality is limited to a render pass, it seemed the name should include “render_pass”. While the current extension is limited to rotations, it could be extended to other transforms (like mirror) in the future.

RESOLVED The name “render_pass_transform” seems like the most accurate description of the introduced functionality.

5) How does this extension interact with VK_KHR_fragment_shading_rate?

RESOLVED: For the same reasons as issue 3, this extension disallows enabling both `pFragmentShadingRateAttachment` and render pass transform within a single render pass.

However, pipeline shading rate and primitive shading rate are supported, and their respective `fragmentSize` and `PrimitiveShadingRateKHR` are provided in the current (non-rotated) coordinate system. The implementation is responsible for transforming them to the rotated coordinate system.

The set of supported shading rates may be different per transform. Supported rates queried from vkGetPhysicalDeviceFragmentShadingRatesKHR are in the native (rotated) coordinate system. This means that the application must swap the x/y of the reported rates to get the set of rates supported for 90 and 270 degree rotation.

## Version History

- Revision 1, 2020-02-05 (Jeff Leger)

- Revision 2, 2021-03-09 (Matthew Netsch)

  - Adds interactions with VK_KHR_fragment_shading_rate

- Revision 3, 2022-07-11 (Arpit Agarwal)

  - Adds interactions with VK_QCOM_tile_properties

- Revision 4, 2023-12-13 (Matthew Netsch)

  - Relax dependencies on VK_KHR_surface and VK_KHR_swapchain

## See Also

No cross-references are available

## Document Notes

For more information, see the Vulkan Specification

This page is a generated document. Fixes and changes should be made to the generator scripts, not directly.

## Copyright

Copyright 2014-2024 The Khronos Group Inc.

SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0