# Vulkan® 1.4.303 - A Specification (with all registered extensions)

The Khronos® Vulkan Working Group
version 1.4.303, 2024-12-15 00:58:43Z
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## 30. The Framebuffer

### 30.1. Blending

Blending combines the incoming source fragment’s R, G, B, and A values with the destination R, G, B, and A values of each sample stored in the framebuffer at the fragment’s (xf,yf) location. Blending is performed for each color sample covered by the fragment, rather than just once for each fragment.

Source and destination values are combined according to the blend operation, quadruplets of source and destination weighting factors determined by the blend factors, and a blend constant, to obtain a new set of R, G, B, and A values, as described below.

Blending is computed and applied separately to each color attachment used by the subpass, with separate controls for each attachment.

Prior to performing the blend operation, signed and unsigned normalized fixed-point color components undergo an implied conversion to floating-point as specified by Conversion from Normalized Fixed-Point to Floating-Point. Blending computations are treated as if carried out in floating-point, and basic blend operations are performed with a precision and dynamic range no lower than that used to represent destination components. Advanced blending operations are performed with a precision and dynamic range no lower than the smaller of that used to represent destination components or that used to represent 16-bit floating-point values.

Note | Blending is only defined for floating-point, UNORM, SNORM, and sRGB formats. Within those formats, the implementation may only support blending on some subset of them. Which formats support blending is indicated by `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BLEND_BIT`.

The pipeline blend state is included in the `VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo` structure during graphics pipeline creation:

The `VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType                               sType;
        const void*                                   pNext;
        VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateFlags          flags;
        VkBool32                                      logicOpEnable;
        VkLogicOp                                     logicOp;
        uint32_t                                      attachmentCount;
        const VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState*    pAttachments;
        float                                         blendConstants[4];
    } VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is a bitmask of VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateFlagBits specifying additional color blending information.

- `logicOpEnable` controls whether to apply Logical Operations.

- `logicOp` selects which logical operation to apply.

- `attachmentCount` is the number of VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState elements in `pAttachments`. It is ignored if the pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_COLOR_BLEND_ENABLE_EXT`, `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_COLOR_BLEND_EQUATION_EXT`, and `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_COLOR_WRITE_MASK_EXT` dynamic states set, and either `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_COLOR_BLEND_ADVANCED_EXT` set or the advancedBlendCoherentOperations feature is not enabled.

- `pAttachments` is a pointer to an array of VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState structures defining blend state for each color attachment. It is ignored if the pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_COLOR_BLEND_ENABLE_EXT`, `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_COLOR_BLEND_EQUATION_EXT`, and `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_COLOR_WRITE_MASK_EXT` dynamic states set, and either `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_COLOR_BLEND_ADVANCED_EXT` set or the advancedBlendCoherentOperations feature is not enabled.

- `blendConstants` is a pointer to an array of four values used as the R, G, B, and A components of the blend constant that are used in blending, depending on the blend factor.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo-pAttachments-00605
  If the `independentBlend` feature is not enabled, all elements of `pAttachments` must be identical

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo-logicOpEnable-00606
  If the `logicOp` feature is not enabled, `logicOpEnable` must be `VK_FALSE`

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo-logicOpEnable-00607
  If `logicOpEnable` is `VK_TRUE`, `logicOp` must be a valid VkLogicOp value

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo-rasterizationOrderColorAttachmentAccess-06465
  If the `rasterizationOrderColorAttachmentAccess` feature is not enabled, `flags` must not include `VK_PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_CREATE_RASTERIZATION_ORDER_ATTACHMENT_ACCESS_BIT_EXT`

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo-pAttachments-07353
  If `attachmentCount` is not `0` , and any of `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_COLOR_BLEND_ADVANCED_EXT`, `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_COLOR_BLEND_ENABLE_EXT`, `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_COLOR_BLEND_EQUATION_EXT`, or `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_COLOR_WRITE_MASK_EXT` are not set, `pAttachments` must be a valid pointer to an array of `attachmentCount` valid VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState structures

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo-pNext-pNext
  Each `pNext` member of any structure (including this one) in the `pNext` chain must be either `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkPipelineColorBlendAdvancedStateCreateInfoEXT or VkPipelineColorWriteCreateInfoEXT

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo-flags-parameter
  `flags` must be a valid combination of VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateFlagBits values

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo-pAttachments-parameter
  If `attachmentCount` is not `0`, and `pAttachments` is not `NULL`, `pAttachments` must be a valid pointer to an array of `attachmentCount` valid VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState structures

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateFlags;

`VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateFlagBits.

Bits which can be set in the VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo::`flags` parameter are:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_rasterization_order_attachment_access
    typedef enum VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateFlagBits {
      // Provided by VK_EXT_rasterization_order_attachment_access
        VK_PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_CREATE_RASTERIZATION_ORDER_ATTACHMENT_ACCESS_BIT_EXT = 0x00000001,
      // Provided by VK_ARM_rasterization_order_attachment_access
        VK_PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_CREATE_RASTERIZATION_ORDER_ATTACHMENT_ACCESS_BIT_ARM = VK_PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_CREATE_RASTERIZATION_ORDER_ATTACHMENT_ACCESS_BIT_EXT,
    } VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateFlagBits;

- `VK_PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_CREATE_RASTERIZATION_ORDER_ATTACHMENT_ACCESS_BIT_EXT` specifies that access to color and input attachments will have implicit framebuffer-local memory dependencies, allowing applications to express custom blending operations in a fragment shader.

When `VK_PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_CREATE_RASTERIZATION_ORDER_ATTACHMENT_ACCESS_BIT_EXT` is included in a pipeline, it forms a framebuffer-local memory dependency for each fragment generated by draw commands for that pipeline with the following scopes:

- The first synchronization scope includes the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT` pipeline stage executed by all previous fragments (as defined by primitive order) in the corresponding framebuffer regions including those generated by the same draw command.

- The second synchronization scope includes the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT` pipeline stage executed by the generated fragment.

- The first access scope includes all writes to color attachments.

- The second access scope includes all reads from input attachments.

The `VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState {
        VkBool32                 blendEnable;
        VkBlendFactor            srcColorBlendFactor;
        VkBlendFactor            dstColorBlendFactor;
        VkBlendOp                colorBlendOp;
        VkBlendFactor            srcAlphaBlendFactor;
        VkBlendFactor            dstAlphaBlendFactor;
        VkBlendOp                alphaBlendOp;
        VkColorComponentFlags    colorWriteMask;
    } VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState;

- `blendEnable` controls whether blending is enabled for the corresponding color attachment. If blending is not enabled, the source fragment’s color for that attachment is passed through unmodified.

- `srcColorBlendFactor` selects which blend factor is used to determine the source factors (Sr,Sg,Sb).

- `dstColorBlendFactor` selects which blend factor is used to determine the destination factors (Dr,Dg,Db).

- `colorBlendOp` selects which blend operation is used to calculate the RGB values to write to the color attachment.

- `srcAlphaBlendFactor` selects which blend factor is used to determine the source factor Sa.

- `dstAlphaBlendFactor` selects which blend factor is used to determine the destination factor Da.

- `alphaBlendOp` selects which blend operation is used to calculate the alpha values to write to the color attachment.

- `colorWriteMask` is a bitmask of VkColorComponentFlagBits specifying which of the R, G, B, and/or A components are enabled for writing, as described for the Color Write Mask.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState-srcColorBlendFactor-00608
  If the `dualSrcBlend` feature is not enabled, `srcColorBlendFactor` must not be `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC1_COLOR`, `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_COLOR`, `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC1_ALPHA`, or `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_ALPHA`

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState-dstColorBlendFactor-00609
  If the `dualSrcBlend` feature is not enabled, `dstColorBlendFactor` must not be `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC1_COLOR`, `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_COLOR`, `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC1_ALPHA`, or `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_ALPHA`

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState-srcAlphaBlendFactor-00610
  If the `dualSrcBlend` feature is not enabled, `srcAlphaBlendFactor` must not be `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC1_COLOR`, `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_COLOR`, `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC1_ALPHA`, or `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_ALPHA`

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState-dstAlphaBlendFactor-00611
  If the `dualSrcBlend` feature is not enabled, `dstAlphaBlendFactor` must not be `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC1_COLOR`, `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_COLOR`, `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC1_ALPHA`, or `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_ALPHA`

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState-colorBlendOp-01406
  If either of `colorBlendOp` or `alphaBlendOp` is an advanced blend operation, then `colorBlendOp` must equal `alphaBlendOp`

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState-advancedBlendIndependentBlend-01407
  If VkPhysicalDeviceBlendOperationAdvancedPropertiesEXT::`advancedBlendIndependentBlend` is `VK_FALSE` and `colorBlendOp` is an advanced blend operation, then `colorBlendOp` must be the same for all attachments

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState-advancedBlendIndependentBlend-01408
  If VkPhysicalDeviceBlendOperationAdvancedPropertiesEXT::`advancedBlendIndependentBlend` is `VK_FALSE` and `alphaBlendOp` is an advanced blend operation, then `alphaBlendOp` must be the same for all attachments

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState-advancedBlendAllOperations-01409
  If VkPhysicalDeviceBlendOperationAdvancedPropertiesEXT::`advancedBlendAllOperations` is `VK_FALSE`, then `colorBlendOp` must not be `VK_BLEND_OP_ZERO_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_SRC_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_DST_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_SRC_OVER_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_DST_OVER_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_SRC_IN_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_DST_IN_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_SRC_OUT_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_DST_OUT_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_SRC_ATOP_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_DST_ATOP_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_XOR_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_INVERT_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_INVERT_RGB_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_LINEARDODGE_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_LINEARBURN_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_VIVIDLIGHT_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_LINEARLIGHT_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_PINLIGHT_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_HARDMIX_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_PLUS_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_PLUS_CLAMPED_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_PLUS_CLAMPED_ALPHA_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_PLUS_DARKER_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_MINUS_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_MINUS_CLAMPED_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_CONTRAST_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_INVERT_OVG_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_RED_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_GREEN_EXT`, or `VK_BLEND_OP_BLUE_EXT`

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState-colorBlendOp-01410
  If `colorBlendOp` or `alphaBlendOp` is an advanced blend operation, then `colorAttachmentCount` of the subpass this pipeline is compiled against must be less than or equal to VkPhysicalDeviceBlendOperationAdvancedPropertiesEXT::`advancedBlendMaxColorAttachments`

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState-constantAlphaColorBlendFactors-04454
  If the `VK_KHR_portability_subset` extension is enabled, and VkPhysicalDevicePortabilitySubsetFeaturesKHR::`constantAlphaColorBlendFactors` is `VK_FALSE`, `srcColorBlendFactor` must not be `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_CONSTANT_ALPHA` or `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_CONSTANT_ALPHA`

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState-constantAlphaColorBlendFactors-04455
  If the `VK_KHR_portability_subset` extension is enabled, and VkPhysicalDevicePortabilitySubsetFeaturesKHR::`constantAlphaColorBlendFactors` is `VK_FALSE`, `dstColorBlendFactor` must not be `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_CONSTANT_ALPHA` or `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_CONSTANT_ALPHA`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState-srcColorBlendFactor-parameter
  `srcColorBlendFactor` must be a valid VkBlendFactor value

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState-dstColorBlendFactor-parameter
  `dstColorBlendFactor` must be a valid VkBlendFactor value

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState-colorBlendOp-parameter
  `colorBlendOp` must be a valid VkBlendOp value

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState-srcAlphaBlendFactor-parameter
  `srcAlphaBlendFactor` must be a valid VkBlendFactor value

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState-dstAlphaBlendFactor-parameter
  `dstAlphaBlendFactor` must be a valid VkBlendFactor value

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState-alphaBlendOp-parameter
  `alphaBlendOp` must be a valid VkBlendOp value

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState-colorWriteMask-parameter
  `colorWriteMask` must be a valid combination of VkColorComponentFlagBits values

To dynamically set `blendEnable`, call:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_extended_dynamic_state3, VK_EXT_shader_object
    void vkCmdSetColorBlendEnableEXT(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        uint32_t                                    firstAttachment,
        uint32_t                                    attachmentCount,
        const VkBool32*                             pColorBlendEnables);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `firstAttachment` the first color attachment the color blending enable applies.

- `attachmentCount` the number of color blending enables in the `pColorBlendEnables` array.

- `pColorBlendEnables` an array of booleans to indicate whether color blending is enabled for the corresponding attachment.

This command sets the color blending enable of the specified color attachments for subsequent drawing commands when drawing using shader objects, or when the graphics pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_COLOR_BLEND_ENABLE_EXT` set in VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates`. Otherwise, this state is specified by the VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState::`blendEnable` values used to create the currently active pipeline.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdSetColorBlendEnableEXT-None-09423
  At least one of the following must be true:

  - The `extendedDynamicState3ColorBlendEnable` feature is enabled

  - The `shaderObject` feature is enabled

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdSetColorBlendEnableEXT-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetColorBlendEnableEXT-pColorBlendEnables-parameter
  `pColorBlendEnables` must be a valid pointer to an array of `attachmentCount` VkBool32 values

- VUID-vkCmdSetColorBlendEnableEXT-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdSetColorBlendEnableEXT-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdSetColorBlendEnableEXT-videocoding
  This command must only be called outside of a video coding scope

- VUID-vkCmdSetColorBlendEnableEXT-attachmentCount-arraylength
  `attachmentCount` must be greater than `0`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Video Coding Scope | Supported Queue Types | Command Type
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Outside | Graphics | State

To dynamically set color blend factors and operations, call:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_extended_dynamic_state3, VK_EXT_shader_object
    void vkCmdSetColorBlendEquationEXT(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        uint32_t                                    firstAttachment,
        uint32_t                                    attachmentCount,
        const VkColorBlendEquationEXT*              pColorBlendEquations);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `firstAttachment` the first color attachment the color blend factors and operations apply to.

- `attachmentCount` the number of VkColorBlendEquationEXT elements in the `pColorBlendEquations` array.

- `pColorBlendEquations` an array of VkColorBlendEquationEXT structs that specify the color blend factors and operations for the corresponding attachments.

This command sets the color blending factors and operations of the specified attachments for subsequent drawing commands when drawing using shader objects, or when the graphics pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_COLOR_BLEND_EQUATION_EXT` set in VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates`. Otherwise, this state is specified by the VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState::`srcColorBlendFactor`, VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState::`dstColorBlendFactor`, VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState::`colorBlendOp`, VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState::`srcAlphaBlendFactor`, VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState::`dstAlphaBlendFactor`, and VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState::`alphaBlendOp` values used to create the currently active pipeline.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdSetColorBlendEquationEXT-None-09423
  At least one of the following must be true:

  - The `extendedDynamicState3ColorBlendEquation` feature is enabled

  - The `shaderObject` feature is enabled

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdSetColorBlendEquationEXT-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetColorBlendEquationEXT-pColorBlendEquations-parameter
  `pColorBlendEquations` must be a valid pointer to an array of `attachmentCount` valid VkColorBlendEquationEXT structures

- VUID-vkCmdSetColorBlendEquationEXT-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdSetColorBlendEquationEXT-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdSetColorBlendEquationEXT-videocoding
  This command must only be called outside of a video coding scope

- VUID-vkCmdSetColorBlendEquationEXT-attachmentCount-arraylength
  `attachmentCount` must be greater than `0`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Video Coding Scope | Supported Queue Types | Command Type
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Outside | Graphics | State

The `VkColorBlendEquationEXT` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_extended_dynamic_state3, VK_EXT_shader_object
    typedef struct VkColorBlendEquationEXT {
        VkBlendFactor    srcColorBlendFactor;
        VkBlendFactor    dstColorBlendFactor;
        VkBlendOp        colorBlendOp;
        VkBlendFactor    srcAlphaBlendFactor;
        VkBlendFactor    dstAlphaBlendFactor;
        VkBlendOp        alphaBlendOp;
    } VkColorBlendEquationEXT;

- `srcColorBlendFactor` selects which blend factor is used to determine the source factors (Sr,Sg,Sb).

- `dstColorBlendFactor` selects which blend factor is used to determine the destination factors (Dr,Dg,Db).

- `colorBlendOp` selects which blend operation is used to calculate the RGB values to write to the color attachment.

- `srcAlphaBlendFactor` selects which blend factor is used to determine the source factor Sa.

- `dstAlphaBlendFactor` selects which blend factor is used to determine the destination factor Da.

- `alphaBlendOp` selects which blend operation is use to calculate the alpha values to write to the color attachment.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkColorBlendEquationEXT-dualSrcBlend-07357
  If the `dualSrcBlend` feature is not enabled, `srcColorBlendFactor` must not be `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC1_COLOR`, `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_COLOR`, `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC1_ALPHA`, or `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_ALPHA`

- VUID-VkColorBlendEquationEXT-dualSrcBlend-07358
  If the `dualSrcBlend` feature is not enabled, `dstColorBlendFactor` must not be `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC1_COLOR`, `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_COLOR`, `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC1_ALPHA`, or `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_ALPHA`

- VUID-VkColorBlendEquationEXT-dualSrcBlend-07359
  If the `dualSrcBlend` feature is not enabled, `srcAlphaBlendFactor` must not be `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC1_COLOR`, `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_COLOR`, `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC1_ALPHA`, or `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_ALPHA`

- VUID-VkColorBlendEquationEXT-dualSrcBlend-07360
  If the `dualSrcBlend` feature is not enabled, `dstAlphaBlendFactor` must not be `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC1_COLOR`, `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_COLOR`, `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC1_ALPHA`, or `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_ALPHA`

- VUID-VkColorBlendEquationEXT-colorBlendOp-07361
  `colorBlendOp` and `alphaBlendOp` must not be `VK_BLEND_OP_ZERO_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_SRC_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_DST_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_SRC_OVER_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_DST_OVER_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_SRC_IN_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_DST_IN_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_SRC_OUT_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_DST_OUT_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_SRC_ATOP_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_DST_ATOP_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_XOR_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_MULTIPLY_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_SCREEN_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_OVERLAY_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_DARKEN_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_LIGHTEN_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_COLORDODGE_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_COLORBURN_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_HARDLIGHT_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_SOFTLIGHT_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_DIFFERENCE_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_EXCLUSION_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_INVERT_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_INVERT_RGB_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_LINEARDODGE_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_LINEARBURN_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_VIVIDLIGHT_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_LINEARLIGHT_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_PINLIGHT_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_HARDMIX_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_HSL_HUE_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_HSL_SATURATION_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_HSL_COLOR_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_HSL_LUMINOSITY_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_PLUS_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_PLUS_CLAMPED_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_PLUS_CLAMPED_ALPHA_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_PLUS_DARKER_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_MINUS_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_MINUS_CLAMPED_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_CONTRAST_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_INVERT_OVG_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_RED_EXT`, `VK_BLEND_OP_GREEN_EXT`, or `VK_BLEND_OP_BLUE_EXT`

- VUID-VkColorBlendEquationEXT-constantAlphaColorBlendFactors-07362
  If the `VK_KHR_portability_subset` extension is enabled, and VkPhysicalDevicePortabilitySubsetFeaturesKHR::`constantAlphaColorBlendFactors` is `VK_FALSE`, `srcColorBlendFactor` must not be `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_CONSTANT_ALPHA` or `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_CONSTANT_ALPHA`

- VUID-VkColorBlendEquationEXT-constantAlphaColorBlendFactors-07363
  If the `VK_KHR_portability_subset` extension is enabled, and VkPhysicalDevicePortabilitySubsetFeaturesKHR::`constantAlphaColorBlendFactors` is `VK_FALSE`, `dstColorBlendFactor` must not be `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_CONSTANT_ALPHA` or `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_CONSTANT_ALPHA`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkColorBlendEquationEXT-srcColorBlendFactor-parameter
  `srcColorBlendFactor` must be a valid VkBlendFactor value

- VUID-VkColorBlendEquationEXT-dstColorBlendFactor-parameter
  `dstColorBlendFactor` must be a valid VkBlendFactor value

- VUID-VkColorBlendEquationEXT-colorBlendOp-parameter
  `colorBlendOp` must be a valid VkBlendOp value

- VUID-VkColorBlendEquationEXT-srcAlphaBlendFactor-parameter
  `srcAlphaBlendFactor` must be a valid VkBlendFactor value

- VUID-VkColorBlendEquationEXT-dstAlphaBlendFactor-parameter
  `dstAlphaBlendFactor` must be a valid VkBlendFactor value

- VUID-VkColorBlendEquationEXT-alphaBlendOp-parameter
  `alphaBlendOp` must be a valid VkBlendOp value

To dynamically set the color write masks, call:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_extended_dynamic_state3, VK_EXT_shader_object
    void vkCmdSetColorWriteMaskEXT(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        uint32_t                                    firstAttachment,
        uint32_t                                    attachmentCount,
        const VkColorComponentFlags*                pColorWriteMasks);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `firstAttachment` the first color attachment the color write masks apply to.

- `attachmentCount` the number of VkColorComponentFlags values in the `pColorWriteMasks` array.

- `pColorWriteMasks` an array of VkColorComponentFlags values that specify the color write masks of the corresponding attachments.

This command sets the color write masks of the specified attachments for subsequent drawing commands when drawing using shader objects, or when the graphics pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_COLOR_WRITE_MASK_EXT` set in VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates`. Otherwise, this state is specified by the VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState::`colorWriteMask` values used to create the currently active pipeline.

Note | Formats with bits that are shared between components specified by VkColorComponentFlagBits, such as `VK_FORMAT_E5B9G9R9_UFLOAT_PACK32`, cannot have their channels individually masked by this functionality; either all components that share bits have to be enabled, or none of them.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdSetColorWriteMaskEXT-None-09423
  At least one of the following must be true:

  - The `extendedDynamicState3ColorWriteMask` feature is enabled

  - The `shaderObject` feature is enabled

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdSetColorWriteMaskEXT-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetColorWriteMaskEXT-pColorWriteMasks-parameter
  `pColorWriteMasks` must be a valid pointer to an array of `attachmentCount` valid combinations of VkColorComponentFlagBits values

- VUID-vkCmdSetColorWriteMaskEXT-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdSetColorWriteMaskEXT-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdSetColorWriteMaskEXT-videocoding
  This command must only be called outside of a video coding scope

- VUID-vkCmdSetColorWriteMaskEXT-attachmentCount-arraylength
  `attachmentCount` must be greater than `0`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Video Coding Scope | Supported Queue Types | Command Type
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Outside | Graphics | State

#### 30.1.1. Blend Factors

The source and destination color and alpha blending factors are selected from the enum:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkBlendFactor {
        VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ZERO = 0,
        VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE = 1,
        VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC_COLOR = 2,
        VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC_COLOR = 3,
        VK_BLEND_FACTOR_DST_COLOR = 4,
        VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_DST_COLOR = 5,
        VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC_ALPHA = 6,
        VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA = 7,
        VK_BLEND_FACTOR_DST_ALPHA = 8,
        VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_DST_ALPHA = 9,
        VK_BLEND_FACTOR_CONSTANT_COLOR = 10,
        VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_CONSTANT_COLOR = 11,
        VK_BLEND_FACTOR_CONSTANT_ALPHA = 12,
        VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_CONSTANT_ALPHA = 13,
        VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC_ALPHA_SATURATE = 14,
        VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC1_COLOR = 15,
        VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_COLOR = 16,
        VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC1_ALPHA = 17,
        VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_ALPHA = 18,
    } VkBlendFactor;

The semantics of the enum values are described in the table below:

Table 39. Blend Factors
VkBlendFactor | RGB Blend Factors (Sr,Sg,Sb) or (Dr,Dg,Db) | Alpha Blend Factor (Sa or Da)
--- | --- | ---
`VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ZERO` | (0,0,0) | 0
`VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE` | (1,1,1) | 1
`VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC_COLOR` | (Rs0,Gs0,Bs0) | As0
`VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC_COLOR` | (1-Rs0,1-Gs0,1-Bs0) | 1-As0
`VK_BLEND_FACTOR_DST_COLOR` | (Rd,Gd,Bd) | Ad
`VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_DST_COLOR` | (1-Rd,1-Gd,1-Bd) | 1-Ad
`VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC_ALPHA` | (As0,As0,As0) | As0
`VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA` | (1-As0,1-As0,1-As0) | 1-As0
`VK_BLEND_FACTOR_DST_ALPHA` | (Ad,Ad,Ad) | Ad
`VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_DST_ALPHA` | (1-Ad,1-Ad,1-Ad) | 1-Ad
`VK_BLEND_FACTOR_CONSTANT_COLOR` | (Rc,Gc,Bc) | Ac
`VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_CONSTANT_COLOR` | (1-Rc,1-Gc,1-Bc) | 1-Ac
`VK_BLEND_FACTOR_CONSTANT_ALPHA` | (Ac,Ac,Ac) | Ac
`VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_CONSTANT_ALPHA` | (1-Ac,1-Ac,1-Ac) | 1-Ac
`VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC_ALPHA_SATURATE` | (f,f,f); f = min(As0,1-Ad) | 1
`VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC1_COLOR` | (Rs1,Gs1,Bs1) | As1
`VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_COLOR` | (1-Rs1,1-Gs1,1-Bs1) | 1-As1
`VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC1_ALPHA` | (As1,As1,As1) | As1
`VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_ALPHA` | (1-As1,1-As1,1-As1) | 1-As1

In this table, the following conventions are used:

- Rs0,Gs0,Bs0 and As0 represent the first source color R, G, B, and A components, respectively, for the fragment output location corresponding to the color attachment being blended.

- Rs1,Gs1,Bs1 and As1 represent the second source color R, G, B, and A components, respectively, used in dual source blending modes, for the fragment output location corresponding to the color attachment being blended.

- Rd,Gd,Bd and Ad represent the R, G, B, and A components of the destination color. That is, the color currently in the corresponding color attachment for this fragment/sample.

- Rc,Gc,Bc and Ac represent the blend constant R, G, B, and A components, respectively.

To dynamically set and change the blend constants, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdSetBlendConstants(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        const float                                 blendConstants[4]);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `blendConstants` is a pointer to an array of four values specifying the Rc, Gc, Bc, and Ac components of the blend constant color used in blending, depending on the blend factor.

This command sets blend constants for subsequent drawing commands when when drawing using shader objects, or the graphics pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_BLEND_CONSTANTS` set in VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates`. Otherwise, this state is specified by the VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo::`blendConstants` values used to create the currently active pipeline.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdSetBlendConstants-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetBlendConstants-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdSetBlendConstants-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdSetBlendConstants-videocoding
  This command must only be called outside of a video coding scope

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Video Coding Scope | Supported Queue Types | Command Type
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Outside | Graphics | State

#### 30.1.2. Dual-Source Blending

Blend factors that use the secondary color input (Rs1,Gs1,Bs1,As1) (`VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC1_COLOR`, `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_COLOR`, `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC1_ALPHA`, and `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_ALPHA`) may consume implementation resources that could otherwise be used for rendering to multiple color attachments. Therefore, the number of color attachments that can be used in a framebuffer may be lower when using dual-source blending.

Dual-source blending is only supported if the `dualSrcBlend` feature is enabled.

The maximum number of color attachments that can be used in a subpass when using dual-source blending functions is implementation-dependent and is reported as the `maxFragmentDualSrcAttachments` member of `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`.

Color outputs can be bound to the first and second inputs of the blender using the `Index` decoration, as described in Fragment Output Interface. If the second color input to the blender is not written in the shader, or if no output is bound to the second input of a blender, the value of the second input is undefined.

#### 30.1.3. Blend Operations

Once the source and destination blend factors have been selected, they along with the source and destination components are passed to the blending operations. RGB and alpha components can use different operations. Possible values of VkBlendOp, specifying the operations, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkBlendOp {
        VK_BLEND_OP_ADD = 0,
        VK_BLEND_OP_SUBTRACT = 1,
        VK_BLEND_OP_REVERSE_SUBTRACT = 2,
        VK_BLEND_OP_MIN = 3,
        VK_BLEND_OP_MAX = 4,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_ZERO_EXT = 1000148000,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_SRC_EXT = 1000148001,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_DST_EXT = 1000148002,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_SRC_OVER_EXT = 1000148003,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_DST_OVER_EXT = 1000148004,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_SRC_IN_EXT = 1000148005,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_DST_IN_EXT = 1000148006,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_SRC_OUT_EXT = 1000148007,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_DST_OUT_EXT = 1000148008,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_SRC_ATOP_EXT = 1000148009,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_DST_ATOP_EXT = 1000148010,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_XOR_EXT = 1000148011,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_MULTIPLY_EXT = 1000148012,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_SCREEN_EXT = 1000148013,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_OVERLAY_EXT = 1000148014,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_DARKEN_EXT = 1000148015,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_LIGHTEN_EXT = 1000148016,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_COLORDODGE_EXT = 1000148017,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_COLORBURN_EXT = 1000148018,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_HARDLIGHT_EXT = 1000148019,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_SOFTLIGHT_EXT = 1000148020,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_DIFFERENCE_EXT = 1000148021,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_EXCLUSION_EXT = 1000148022,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_INVERT_EXT = 1000148023,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_INVERT_RGB_EXT = 1000148024,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_LINEARDODGE_EXT = 1000148025,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_LINEARBURN_EXT = 1000148026,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_VIVIDLIGHT_EXT = 1000148027,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_LINEARLIGHT_EXT = 1000148028,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_PINLIGHT_EXT = 1000148029,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_HARDMIX_EXT = 1000148030,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_HSL_HUE_EXT = 1000148031,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_HSL_SATURATION_EXT = 1000148032,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_HSL_COLOR_EXT = 1000148033,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_HSL_LUMINOSITY_EXT = 1000148034,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_PLUS_EXT = 1000148035,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_PLUS_CLAMPED_EXT = 1000148036,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_PLUS_CLAMPED_ALPHA_EXT = 1000148037,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_PLUS_DARKER_EXT = 1000148038,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_MINUS_EXT = 1000148039,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_MINUS_CLAMPED_EXT = 1000148040,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_CONTRAST_EXT = 1000148041,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_INVERT_OVG_EXT = 1000148042,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_RED_EXT = 1000148043,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_GREEN_EXT = 1000148044,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_BLUE_EXT = 1000148045,
    } VkBlendOp;

The semantics of the basic blend operations are described in the table below:

Table 40. Basic Blend Operations
VkBlendOp | RGB Components | Alpha Component
--- | --- | ---
`VK_BLEND_OP_ADD` | R = Rs0 × Sr + Rd × Dr G = Gs0 × Sg + Gd × Dg B = Bs0 × Sb + Bd × Db | A = As0 × Sa + Ad × Da
`VK_BLEND_OP_SUBTRACT` | R = Rs0 × Sr - Rd × Dr G = Gs0 × Sg - Gd × Dg B = Bs0 × Sb - Bd × Db | A = As0 × Sa - Ad × Da
`VK_BLEND_OP_REVERSE_SUBTRACT` | R = Rd × Dr - Rs0 × Sr G = Gd × Dg - Gs0 × Sg B = Bd × Db - Bs0 × Sb | A = Ad × Da - As0 × Sa
`VK_BLEND_OP_MIN` | R = min(Rs0,Rd) G = min(Gs0,Gd) B = min(Bs0,Bd) | A = min(As0,Ad)
`VK_BLEND_OP_MAX` | R = max(Rs0,Rd) G = max(Gs0,Gd) B = max(Bs0,Bd) | A = max(As0,Ad)

In this table, the following conventions are used:

- Rs0, Gs0, Bs0 and As0 represent the first source color R, G, B, and A components, respectively.

- Rd, Gd, Bd and Ad represent the R, G, B, and A components of the destination color. That is, the color currently in the corresponding color attachment for this fragment/sample.

- Sr, Sg, Sb and Sa represent the source blend factor R, G, B, and A components, respectively.

- Dr, Dg, Db and Da represent the destination blend factor R, G, B, and A components, respectively.

The blending operation produces a new set of values R, G, B and A, which are written to the framebuffer attachment. If blending is not enabled for this attachment, then R, G, B and A are assigned Rs0, Gs0, Bs0 and As0, respectively.

If the color attachment is fixed-point, the components of the source and destination values and blend factors are each clamped to [0,1] or [-1,1] respectively for an unsigned normalized or signed normalized color attachment prior to evaluating the blend operations. If the color attachment is floating-point, no clamping occurs.

If the numeric format of a framebuffer attachment uses sRGB encoding, the R, G, and B destination color values (after conversion from fixed-point to floating-point) are considered to be encoded for the sRGB color space and hence are linearized prior to their use in blending. Each R, G, and B component is converted from nonlinear to linear as described in the “sRGB EOTF” section of the Khronos Data Format Specification. If the format is not sRGB, no linearization is performed.

If the numeric format of a framebuffer attachment uses sRGB encoding, then the final R, G and B values are converted into the nonlinear sRGB representation before being written to the framebuffer attachment as described in the “sRGB EOTF -1” section of the Khronos Data Format Specification.

If the numeric format of a framebuffer color attachment is not sRGB encoded then the resulting cs values for R, G and B are unmodified. The value of A is never sRGB encoded. That is, the alpha component is always stored in memory as linear.

If the framebuffer color attachment is `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`, no writes are performed through that attachment. Writes are not performed to framebuffer color attachments greater than or equal to the `VkSubpassDescription`::`colorAttachmentCount` or `VkSubpassDescription2`::`colorAttachmentCount` value.

#### 30.1.4. Advanced Blend Operations

The advanced blend operations are those listed in tables f/X/Y/Z Advanced Blend Operations, Hue-Saturation-Luminosity Advanced Blend Operations, and Additional RGB Blend Operations.

If the `pNext` chain of VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo includes a `VkPipelineColorBlendAdvancedStateCreateInfoEXT` structure, then that structure includes parameters that affect advanced blend operations.

The `VkPipelineColorBlendAdvancedStateCreateInfoEXT` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
    typedef struct VkPipelineColorBlendAdvancedStateCreateInfoEXT {
        VkStructureType      sType;
        const void*          pNext;
        VkBool32             srcPremultiplied;
        VkBool32             dstPremultiplied;
        VkBlendOverlapEXT    blendOverlap;
    } VkPipelineColorBlendAdvancedStateCreateInfoEXT;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `srcPremultiplied` specifies whether the source color of the blend operation is treated as premultiplied.

- `dstPremultiplied` specifies whether the destination color of the blend operation is treated as premultiplied.

- `blendOverlap` is a VkBlendOverlapEXT value specifying how the source and destination sample’s coverage is correlated.

If this structure is not present, `srcPremultiplied` and `dstPremultiplied` are both considered to be `VK_TRUE`, and `blendOverlap` is considered to be `VK_BLEND_OVERLAP_UNCORRELATED_EXT`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendAdvancedStateCreateInfoEXT-srcPremultiplied-01424
  If the non-premultiplied source color property is not supported, `srcPremultiplied` must be `VK_TRUE`

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendAdvancedStateCreateInfoEXT-dstPremultiplied-01425
  If the non-premultiplied destination color property is not supported, `dstPremultiplied` must be `VK_TRUE`

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendAdvancedStateCreateInfoEXT-blendOverlap-01426
  If the correlated overlap property is not supported, `blendOverlap` must be `VK_BLEND_OVERLAP_UNCORRELATED_EXT`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendAdvancedStateCreateInfoEXT-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_ADVANCED_STATE_CREATE_INFO_EXT`

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendAdvancedStateCreateInfoEXT-blendOverlap-parameter
  `blendOverlap` must be a valid VkBlendOverlapEXT value

To dynamically set the advanced blend state, call:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced with VK_EXT_extended_dynamic_state3, VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced with VK_EXT_shader_object
    void vkCmdSetColorBlendAdvancedEXT(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        uint32_t                                    firstAttachment,
        uint32_t                                    attachmentCount,
        const VkColorBlendAdvancedEXT*              pColorBlendAdvanced);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `firstAttachment` the first color attachment the advanced blend parameters apply to.

- `attachmentCount` the number of VkColorBlendAdvancedEXT elements in the `pColorBlendAdvanced` array.

- `pColorBlendAdvanced` an array of VkColorBlendAdvancedEXT structs that specify the advanced color blend parameters for the corresponding attachments.

This command sets the advanced blend operation parameters of the specified attachments for subsequent drawing commands when drawing using shader objects, or when the graphics pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_COLOR_BLEND_ADVANCED_EXT` set in VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates`. Otherwise, this state is specified by the VkPipelineColorBlendAdvancedStateCreateInfoEXT::`srcPremultiplied`, VkPipelineColorBlendAdvancedStateCreateInfoEXT::`dstPremultiplied`, and VkPipelineColorBlendAdvancedStateCreateInfoEXT::`blendOverlap` values used to create the currently active pipeline.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdSetColorBlendAdvancedEXT-None-09423
  At least one of the following must be true:

  - The `extendedDynamicState3ColorBlendAdvanced` feature is enabled

  - The `shaderObject` feature is enabled

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdSetColorBlendAdvancedEXT-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetColorBlendAdvancedEXT-pColorBlendAdvanced-parameter
  `pColorBlendAdvanced` must be a valid pointer to an array of `attachmentCount` valid VkColorBlendAdvancedEXT structures

- VUID-vkCmdSetColorBlendAdvancedEXT-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdSetColorBlendAdvancedEXT-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdSetColorBlendAdvancedEXT-videocoding
  This command must only be called outside of a video coding scope

- VUID-vkCmdSetColorBlendAdvancedEXT-attachmentCount-arraylength
  `attachmentCount` must be greater than `0`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Video Coding Scope | Supported Queue Types | Command Type
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Outside | Graphics | State

The `VkColorBlendAdvancedEXT` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_extended_dynamic_state3, VK_EXT_shader_object
    typedef struct VkColorBlendAdvancedEXT {
        VkBlendOp            advancedBlendOp;
        VkBool32             srcPremultiplied;
        VkBool32             dstPremultiplied;
        VkBlendOverlapEXT    blendOverlap;
        VkBool32             clampResults;
    } VkColorBlendAdvancedEXT;

- `advancedBlendOp` selects which blend operation is used to calculate the RGB values to write to the color attachment.

- `srcPremultiplied` specifies whether the source color of the blend operation is treated as premultiplied.

- `dstPremultiplied` specifies whether the destination color of the blend operation is treated as premultiplied.

- `blendOverlap` is a VkBlendOverlapEXT value specifying how the source and destination sample’s coverage is correlated.

- `clampResults` specifies that results must be clamped to the [0,1] range before writing to the attachment, which is useful when the attachment format is not normalized fixed-point.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkColorBlendAdvancedEXT-srcPremultiplied-07505
  If the non-premultiplied source color property is not supported, `srcPremultiplied` must be `VK_TRUE`

- VUID-VkColorBlendAdvancedEXT-dstPremultiplied-07506
  If the non-premultiplied destination color property is not supported, `dstPremultiplied` must be `VK_TRUE`

- VUID-VkColorBlendAdvancedEXT-blendOverlap-07507
  If the correlated overlap property is not supported, `blendOverlap` must be `VK_BLEND_OVERLAP_UNCORRELATED_EXT`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkColorBlendAdvancedEXT-advancedBlendOp-parameter
  `advancedBlendOp` must be a valid VkBlendOp value

- VUID-VkColorBlendAdvancedEXT-blendOverlap-parameter
  `blendOverlap` must be a valid VkBlendOverlapEXT value

When using one of the operations in table f/X/Y/Z Advanced Blend Operations or Hue-Saturation-Luminosity Advanced Blend Operations, blending is performed according to the following equations:

R G B A​====​f(R s′​,R d′​)∗p 0​(A s​,A d​)f(G s′​,G d′​)∗p 0​(A s​,A d​)f(B s′​,B d′​)∗p 0​(A s​,A d​)X∗p 0​(A s​,A d​)​++++​Y∗R s′​∗p 1​(A s​,A d​)Y∗G s′​∗p 1​(A s​,A d​)Y∗B s′​∗p 1​(A s​,A d​)Y∗p 1​(A s​,A d​)​++++​Z∗R d′​∗p 2​(A s​,A d​)Z∗G d′​∗p 2​(A s​,A d​)Z∗B d′​∗p 2​(A s​,A d​)Z∗p 2​(A s​,A d​)​

where the function f and terms X, Y, and Z are specified in the table. The R, G, and B components of the source color used for blending are derived according to `srcPremultiplied`. If `srcPremultiplied` is `VK_TRUE`, the fragment color components are considered to have been premultiplied by the A component prior to blending. The base source color (Rs',Gs',Bs') is obtained by dividing through by the A component:

(R s′​,G s′​,B s′​)​={(0,0,0)(A s​R s​​,A s​G s​​,A s​B s​​)​A s​=0 otherwise​​

If `srcPremultiplied` is `VK_FALSE`, the fragment color components are used as the base color:

(R s′​,G s′​,B s′​)​=(R s​,G s​,B s​)​

The R, G, and B components of the destination color used for blending are derived according to `dstPremultiplied`. If `dstPremultiplied` is `VK_TRUE`, the destination components are considered to have been premultiplied by the A component prior to blending. The base destination color (Rd',Gd',Bd') is obtained by dividing through by the A component:

(R d′​,G d′​,B d′​)​={(0,0,0)(A d​R d​​,A d​G d​​,A d​B d​​)​A d​=0 otherwise​​

If `dstPremultiplied` is `VK_FALSE`, the destination color components are used as the base color:

(R d′​,G d′​,B d′​)​=(R d​,G d​,B d​)​

When blending using advanced blend operations, we expect that the R, G, and B components of premultiplied source and destination color inputs be stored as the product of non-premultiplied R, G, and B component values and the A component of the color. If any R, G, or B component of a premultiplied input color is non-zero and the A component is zero, the color is considered ill-formed, and the corresponding component of the blend result is undefined.

All of the advanced blend operation formulas in this chapter compute the result as a premultiplied color. If `dstPremultiplied` is `VK_FALSE`, that result color’s R, G, and B components are divided by the A component before being written to the framebuffer. If any R, G, or B component of the color is non-zero and the A component is zero, the result is considered ill-formed, and the corresponding component of the blend result is undefined. If all components are zero, that value is unchanged.

If the A component of any input or result color is less than zero, the color is considered ill-formed, and all components of the blend result are undefined.

The weighting functions p0, p1, and p2 are defined in table Advanced Blend Overlap Modes. In these functions, the A components of the source and destination colors are taken to indicate the portion of the pixel covered by the fragment (source) and the fragments previously accumulated in the pixel (destination). The functions p0, p1, and p2 approximate the relative portion of the pixel covered by the intersection of the source and destination, covered only by the source, and covered only by the destination, respectively.

Possible values of VkPipelineColorBlendAdvancedStateCreateInfoEXT::`blendOverlap`, specifying the blend overlap functions, are:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
    typedef enum VkBlendOverlapEXT {
        VK_BLEND_OVERLAP_UNCORRELATED_EXT = 0,
        VK_BLEND_OVERLAP_DISJOINT_EXT = 1,
        VK_BLEND_OVERLAP_CONJOINT_EXT = 2,
    } VkBlendOverlapEXT;

- `VK_BLEND_OVERLAP_UNCORRELATED_EXT` specifies that there is no correlation between the source and destination coverage.

- `VK_BLEND_OVERLAP_CONJOINT_EXT` specifies that the source and destination coverage are considered to have maximal overlap.

- `VK_BLEND_OVERLAP_DISJOINT_EXT` specifies that the source and destination coverage are considered to have minimal overlap.

Table 41. Advanced Blend Overlap Modes
Overlap Mode | Weighting Equations
--- | ---
`VK_BLEND_OVERLAP_UNCORRELATED_EXT` | p 0​(A s​,A d​)p 1​(A s​,A d​)p 2​(A s​,A d​)​=A s​A d​=A s​(1−A d​)=A d​(1−A s​)​
`VK_BLEND_OVERLAP_CONJOINT_EXT` | p 0​(A s​,A d​)p 1​(A s​,A d​)p 2​(A s​,A d​)​=min(A s​,A d​)=ma x(A s​−A d​,0)=ma x(A d​−A s​,0)​
`VK_BLEND_OVERLAP_DISJOINT_EXT` | p 0​(A s​,A d​)p 1​(A s​,A d​)p 2​(A s​,A d​)​=ma x(A s​+A d​−1,0)=min(A s​,1−A d​)=min(A d​,1−A s​)​

Table 42. f/X/Y/Z Advanced Blend Operations
Mode | Blend Coefficients
--- | ---
`VK_BLEND_OP_ZERO_EXT` | (X,Y,Z)f(C s​,C d​)​=(0,0,0)=0​
`VK_BLEND_OP_SRC_EXT` | (X,Y,Z)f(C s​,C d​)​=(1,1,0)=C s​​
`VK_BLEND_OP_DST_EXT` | (X,Y,Z)f(C s​,C d​)​=(1,0,1)=C d​​
`VK_BLEND_OP_SRC_OVER_EXT` | (X,Y,Z)f(C s​,C d​)​=(1,1,1)=C s​​
`VK_BLEND_OP_DST_OVER_EXT` | (X,Y,Z)f(C s​,C d​)​=(1,1,1)=C d​​
`VK_BLEND_OP_SRC_IN_EXT` | (X,Y,Z)f(C s​,C d​)​=(1,0,0)=C s​​
`VK_BLEND_OP_DST_IN_EXT` | (X,Y,Z)f(C s​,C d​)​=(1,0,0)=C d​​
`VK_BLEND_OP_SRC_OUT_EXT` | (X,Y,Z)f(C s​,C d​)​=(0,1,0)=0​
`VK_BLEND_OP_DST_OUT_EXT` | (X,Y,Z)f(C s​,C d​)​=(0,0,1)=0​
`VK_BLEND_OP_SRC_ATOP_EXT` | (X,Y,Z)f(C s​,C d​)​=(1,0,1)=C s​​
`VK_BLEND_OP_DST_ATOP_EXT` | (X,Y,Z)f(C s​,C d​)​=(1,1,0)=C d​​
`VK_BLEND_OP_XOR_EXT` | (X,Y,Z)f(C s​,C d​)​=(0,1,1)=0​
`VK_BLEND_OP_MULTIPLY_EXT` | (X,Y,Z)f(C s​,C d​)​=(1,1,1)=C s​C d​​
`VK_BLEND_OP_SCREEN_EXT` | (X,Y,Z)f(C s​,C d​)​=(1,1,1)=C s​+C d​−C s​C d​​
`VK_BLEND_OP_OVERLAY_EXT` | (X,Y,Z)f(C s​,C d​)​=(1,1,1)={2 C s​C d​1−2(1−C s​)(1−C d​)​C d​≤0.5 otherwise​​
`VK_BLEND_OP_DARKEN_EXT` | (X,Y,Z)f(C s​,C d​)​=(1,1,1)=min(C s​,C d​)​
`VK_BLEND_OP_LIGHTEN_EXT` | (X,Y,Z)f(C s​,C d​)​=(1,1,1)=ma x(C s​,C d​)​
`VK_BLEND_OP_COLORDODGE_EXT` | (X,Y,Z)f(C s​,C d​)​=(1,1,1)=⎩ ⎨ ⎧​0 min(1,1−C s​C d​​)1​C d​≤0 C d​>0 and C s​<1 C d​>0 and C s​≥1​​
`VK_BLEND_OP_COLORBURN_EXT` | (X,Y,Z)f(C s​,C d​)​=(1,1,1)=⎩ ⎨ ⎧​1 1−min(1,C s​1−C d​​)0​C d​≥1 C d​<1 and C s​>0 C d​<1 and C s​≤0​​
`VK_BLEND_OP_HARDLIGHT_EXT` | (X,Y,Z)f(C s​,C d​)​=(1,1,1)={2 C s​C d​1−2(1−C s​)(1−C d​)​C s​≤0.5 otherwise​​
`VK_BLEND_OP_SOFTLIGHT_EXT` | (X,Y,Z)f(C s​,C d​)​=(1,1,1)=⎩ ⎨ ⎧​C d​−(1−2 C s​)C d​(1−C d​)C d​+(2 C s​−1)C d​((16 C d​−12)C d​+3)C d​+(2 C s​−1)(C d​ ​−C d​)​C s​≤0.5 C s​>0.5 and C d​≤0.25 C s​>0.5 and C d​>0.25​​
`VK_BLEND_OP_DIFFERENCE_EXT` | (X,Y,Z)f(C s​,C d​)​=(1,1,1)=∣C d​−C s​∣​
`VK_BLEND_OP_EXCLUSION_EXT` | (X,Y,Z)f(C s​,C d​)​=(1,1,1)=C s​+C d​−2 C s​C d​​
`VK_BLEND_OP_INVERT_EXT` | (X,Y,Z)f(C s​,C d​)​=(1,0,1)=1−C d​​
`VK_BLEND_OP_INVERT_RGB_EXT` | (X,Y,Z)f(C s​,C d​)​=(1,0,1)=C s​(1−C d​)​
`VK_BLEND_OP_LINEARDODGE_EXT` | (X,Y,Z)f(C s​,C d​)​=(1,1,1)={C s​+C d​1​C s​+C d​≤1 otherwise​​
`VK_BLEND_OP_LINEARBURN_EXT` | (X,Y,Z)f(C s​,C d​)​=(1,1,1)={C s​+C d​−1 0​C s​+C d​>1 otherwise​​
`VK_BLEND_OP_VIVIDLIGHT_EXT` | (X,Y,Z)f(C s​,C d​)​=(1,1,1)=⎩ ⎨ ⎧​1−min(1,2 C s​1−C d​​)0 min(1,2(1−C s​)C d​​)1​0<C s​<0.5 C s​≤0 0.5≤C s​<1 C s​≥1​​
`VK_BLEND_OP_LINEARLIGHT_EXT` | (X,Y,Z)f(C s​,C d​)​=(1,1,1)=⎩ ⎨ ⎧​1 2 C s​+C d​−1 0​2 C s​+C d​>2 1<2 C s​+C d​≤2 2 C s​+C d​≤1​​
`VK_BLEND_OP_PINLIGHT_EXT` | (X,Y,Z)f(C s​,C d​)​=(1,1,1)=⎩ ⎨ ⎧​0 2 C s​−1 2 C s​C d​​2 C s​−1>C d​ and C s​<0.5 2 C s​−1>C d​ and C s​≥0.5 2 C s​−1≤C d​ and C s​<0.5 C d​2 C s​−1≤C d​ and C s​≥0.5 C d​​​
`VK_BLEND_OP_HARDMIX_EXT` | (X,Y,Z)f(C s​,C d​)​=(1,1,1)={0 1​C s​+C d​<1 otherwise​​

When using one of the HSL blend operations in table Hue-Saturation-Luminosity Advanced Blend Operations as the blend operation, the RGB color components produced by the function f are effectively obtained by converting both the non-premultiplied source and destination colors to the HSL (hue, saturation, luminosity) color space, generating a new HSL color by selecting H, S, and L components from the source or destination according to the blend operation, and then converting the result back to RGB. In the equations below, a blended RGB color is produced according to the following pseudocode:

      float minv3(vec3 c) {
        return min(min(c.r, c.g), c.b);
      }
      float maxv3(vec3 c) {
        return max(max(c.r, c.g), c.b);
      }
      float lumv3(vec3 c) {
        return dot(c, vec3(0.30, 0.59, 0.11));
      }
      float satv3(vec3 c) {
        return maxv3(c) - minv3(c);
      }

      // If any color components are outside [0,1], adjust the color to
      // get the components in range.
      vec3 ClipColor(vec3 color) {
        float lum = lumv3(color);
        float mincol = minv3(color);
        float maxcol = maxv3(color);
        if (mincol < 0.0) {
          color = lum + ((color-lum)*lum) / (lum-mincol);
        }
        if (maxcol > 1.0) {
          color = lum + ((color-lum)*(1-lum)) / (maxcol-lum);
        }
        return color;
      }

      // Take the base RGB color <cbase> and override its luminosity
      // with that of the RGB color <clum>.
      vec3 SetLum(vec3 cbase, vec3 clum) {
        float lbase = lumv3(cbase);
        float llum = lumv3(clum);
        float ldiff = llum - lbase;
        vec3 color = cbase + vec3(ldiff);
        return ClipColor(color);
      }

      // Take the base RGB color <cbase> and override its saturation with
      // that of the RGB color <csat>.  The override the luminosity of the
      // result with that of the RGB color <clum>.
      vec3 SetLumSat(vec3 cbase, vec3 csat, vec3 clum)
      {
        float minbase = minv3(cbase);
        float sbase = satv3(cbase);
        float ssat = satv3(csat);
        vec3 color;
        if (sbase > 0) {
          // Equivalent (modulo rounding errors) to setting the
          // smallest (R,G,B) component to 0, the largest to <ssat>,
          // and interpolating the "middle" component based on its
          // original value relative to the smallest/largest.
          color = (cbase - minbase) * ssat / sbase;
        } else {
          color = vec3(0.0);
        }
        return SetLum(color, clum);
      }

Table 43. Hue-Saturation-Luminosity Advanced Blend Operations
Mode | Result
--- | ---
`VK_BLEND_OP_HSL_HUE_EXT` | (X,Y,Z)f(C s​,C d​)​=(1,1,1)=S e t Lu m S a t(C s​,C d​,C d​)​
`VK_BLEND_OP_HSL_SATURATION_EXT` | (X,Y,Z)f(C s​,C d​)​=(1,1,1)=S e t Lu m S a t(C d​,C s​,C d​)​
`VK_BLEND_OP_HSL_COLOR_EXT` | (X,Y,Z)f(C s​,C d​)​=(1,1,1)=S e t Lu m(C s​,C d​)​
`VK_BLEND_OP_HSL_LUMINOSITY_EXT` | (X,Y,Z)f(C s​,C d​)​=(1,1,1)=S e t Lu m(C d​,C s​)​

When using one of the operations in table Additional RGB Blend Operations as the blend operation, the source and destination colors used by these blending operations are interpreted according to `srcPremultiplied` and `dstPremultiplied`. The blending operations below are evaluated where the RGB source and destination color components are both considered to have been premultiplied by the corresponding A component.

(R s′​,G s′​,B s′​)(R d′​,G d′​,B d′​)​={(R s​,G s​,B s​)(R s​A s​,G s​A s​,B s​A s​)​if srcPremultiplied is VK_TRUE if srcPremultiplied is VK_FALSE​={(R d​,G d​,B d​)(R d​A d​,G d​A d​,B d​A d​)​if dstPremultiplied is VK_TRUE if dstPremultiplied is VK_FALSE​​

Table 44. Additional RGB Blend Operations
Mode | Result
--- | ---
`VK_BLEND_OP_PLUS_EXT` | (R,G,B,A)=(​R s′​+R d′​,G s′​+G d′​,B s′​+B d′​,A s​+A d​)​
`VK_BLEND_OP_PLUS_CLAMPED_EXT` | (R,G,B,A)=(​min(1,R s′​+R d′​),min(1,G s′​+G d′​),min(1,B s′​+B d′​),min(1,A s​+A d​))​
`VK_BLEND_OP_PLUS_CLAMPED_ALPHA_EXT` | (R,G,B,A)=(​min(min(1,A s​+A d​),R s′​+R d′​),min(min(1,A s​+A d​),G s′​+G d′​),min(min(1,A s​+A d​),B s′​+B d′​),min(1,A s​+A d​))​
`VK_BLEND_OP_PLUS_DARKER_EXT` | (R,G,B,A)=(​ma x(0,min(1,A s​+A d​)−((A s​−R s′​)+(A d​−R d′​))),ma x(0,min(1,A s​+A d​)−((A s​−G s′​)+(A d​−G d′​))),ma x(0,min(1,A s​+A d​)−((A s​−B s′​)+(A d​−B d′​))),min(1,A s​+A d​))​
`VK_BLEND_OP_MINUS_EXT` | (R,G,B,A)=(​R d′​−R s′​,G d′​−G s′​,B d′​−B s′​,A d​−A s​)​
`VK_BLEND_OP_MINUS_CLAMPED_EXT` | (R,G,B,A)=(​ma x(0,R d′​−R s′​),ma x(0,G d′​−G s′​),ma x(0,B d′​−B s′​),ma x(0,A d​−A s​))​
`VK_BLEND_OP_CONTRAST_EXT` | (R,G,B,A)=(​2 A d​​+2(R d′​−2 A d​​)(R s′​−2 A s​​),2 A d​​+2(G d′​−2 A d​​)(G s′​−2 A s​​),2 A d​​+2(B d′​−2 A d​​)(B s′​−2 A s​​),A d​)​
`VK_BLEND_OP_INVERT_OVG_EXT` | (R,G,B,A)=(​A s​(1−R d′​)+(1−A s​)R d′​,A s​(1−G d′​)+(1−A s​)G d′​,A s​(1−B d′​)+(1−A s​)B d′​,A s​+A d​−A s​A d​)​
`VK_BLEND_OP_RED_EXT` | (R,G,B,A)​=(R s′​,G d′​,B d′​,A d​)​
`VK_BLEND_OP_GREEN_EXT` | (R,G,B,A)​=(R d′​,G s′​,B d′​,A d​)​
`VK_BLEND_OP_BLUE_EXT` | (R,G,B,A)​=(R d′​,G d′​,B s′​,A d​)​

### 30.2. Logical Operations

The application can enable a logical operation between the fragment’s color values and the existing value in the framebuffer attachment. This logical operation is applied prior to updating the framebuffer attachment. Logical operations are applied only for signed and unsigned integer and normalized integer framebuffers. Logical operations are not applied to floating-point or sRGB format color attachments.

Logical operations are controlled by the `logicOpEnable` and `logicOp` members of VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo. The `logicOpEnable` state can also be controlled by vkCmdSetLogicOpEnableEXT if graphics pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_LOGIC_OP_ENABLE_EXT` set in VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates`. The `logicOp` state can also be controlled by vkCmdSetLogicOpEXT if graphics pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_LOGIC_OP_EXT` set in VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates`. If `logicOpEnable` is `VK_TRUE`, then a logical operation selected by `logicOp` is applied between each color attachment and the fragment’s corresponding output value, and blending of all attachments is treated as if it were disabled. Any attachments using color formats for which logical operations are not supported simply pass through the color values unmodified. The logical operation is applied independently for each of the red, green, blue, and alpha components. The `logicOp` is selected from the following operations:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkLogicOp {
        VK_LOGIC_OP_CLEAR = 0,
        VK_LOGIC_OP_AND = 1,
        VK_LOGIC_OP_AND_REVERSE = 2,
        VK_LOGIC_OP_COPY = 3,
        VK_LOGIC_OP_AND_INVERTED = 4,
        VK_LOGIC_OP_NO_OP = 5,
        VK_LOGIC_OP_XOR = 6,
        VK_LOGIC_OP_OR = 7,
        VK_LOGIC_OP_NOR = 8,
        VK_LOGIC_OP_EQUIVALENT = 9,
        VK_LOGIC_OP_INVERT = 10,
        VK_LOGIC_OP_OR_REVERSE = 11,
        VK_LOGIC_OP_COPY_INVERTED = 12,
        VK_LOGIC_OP_OR_INVERTED = 13,
        VK_LOGIC_OP_NAND = 14,
        VK_LOGIC_OP_SET = 15,
    } VkLogicOp;

The logical operations supported by Vulkan are summarized in the following table in which

- ¬ is bitwise invert,

- ∧ is bitwise and,

- ∨ is bitwise or,

- ⊕ is bitwise exclusive or,

- s is the fragment’s Rs0, Gs0, Bs0 or As0 component value for the fragment output corresponding to the color attachment being updated, and

- d is the color attachment’s R, G, B or A component value:

Table 45. Logical Operations
Mode | Operation
--- | ---
`VK_LOGIC_OP_CLEAR` | 0
`VK_LOGIC_OP_AND` | s ∧ d
`VK_LOGIC_OP_AND_REVERSE` | s ∧ ¬ d
`VK_LOGIC_OP_COPY` | s
`VK_LOGIC_OP_AND_INVERTED` | ¬ s ∧ d
`VK_LOGIC_OP_NO_OP` | d
`VK_LOGIC_OP_XOR` | s ⊕ d
`VK_LOGIC_OP_OR` | s ∨ d
`VK_LOGIC_OP_NOR` | ¬ (s ∨ d)
`VK_LOGIC_OP_EQUIVALENT` | ¬ (s ⊕ d)
`VK_LOGIC_OP_INVERT` | ¬ d
`VK_LOGIC_OP_OR_REVERSE` | s ∨ ¬ d
`VK_LOGIC_OP_COPY_INVERTED` | ¬ s
`VK_LOGIC_OP_OR_INVERTED` | ¬ s ∨ d
`VK_LOGIC_OP_NAND` | ¬ (s ∧ d)
`VK_LOGIC_OP_SET` | all 1s

The result of the logical operation is then written to the color attachment as controlled by the component write mask, described in Blend Operations.

To dynamically set whether logical operations are enabled, call:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_extended_dynamic_state3, VK_EXT_shader_object
    void vkCmdSetLogicOpEnableEXT(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkBool32                                    logicOpEnable);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `logicOpEnable` specifies whether logical operations are enabled.

This command sets whether logical operations are enabled for subsequent drawing commands when drawing using shader objects, or when the graphics pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_LOGIC_OP_ENABLE_EXT` set in VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates`. Otherwise, this state is specified by the VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo::`logicOpEnable` value used to create the currently active pipeline.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdSetLogicOpEnableEXT-None-09423
  At least one of the following must be true:

  - The `extendedDynamicState3LogicOpEnable` feature is enabled

  - The `shaderObject` feature is enabled

- VUID-vkCmdSetLogicOpEnableEXT-logicOp-07366
  If the `logicOp` feature is not enabled, `logicOpEnable` must be `VK_FALSE`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdSetLogicOpEnableEXT-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetLogicOpEnableEXT-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdSetLogicOpEnableEXT-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdSetLogicOpEnableEXT-videocoding
  This command must only be called outside of a video coding scope

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Video Coding Scope | Supported Queue Types | Command Type
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Outside | Graphics | State

To dynamically set the logical operation to apply for blend state, call:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_extended_dynamic_state2, VK_EXT_shader_object
    void vkCmdSetLogicOpEXT(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkLogicOp                                   logicOp);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `logicOp` specifies the logical operation to apply for blend state.

This command sets the logical operation for blend state for subsequent drawing commands when drawing using shader objects, or when the graphics pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_LOGIC_OP_EXT` set in VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates`. Otherwise, this state is specified by the VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo::`logicOp` value used to create the currently active pipeline.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdSetLogicOpEXT-None-09422
  At least one of the following must be true:

  - The `extendedDynamicState2LogicOp` feature is enabled

  - The `shaderObject` feature is enabled

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdSetLogicOpEXT-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetLogicOpEXT-logicOp-parameter
  `logicOp` must be a valid VkLogicOp value

- VUID-vkCmdSetLogicOpEXT-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdSetLogicOpEXT-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdSetLogicOpEXT-videocoding
  This command must only be called outside of a video coding scope

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Video Coding Scope | Supported Queue Types | Command Type
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Outside | Graphics | State

### 30.3. Color Write Mask

Bits which can be set in VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState::`colorWriteMask`, determining whether the final color values R, G, B and A are written to the framebuffer attachment, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkColorComponentFlagBits {
        VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_R_BIT = 0x00000001,
        VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_G_BIT = 0x00000002,
        VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_B_BIT = 0x00000004,
        VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_A_BIT = 0x00000008,
    } VkColorComponentFlagBits;

- `VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_R_BIT` specifies that the R value is written to the color attachment for the appropriate sample. Otherwise, the value in memory is unmodified.

- `VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_G_BIT` specifies that the G value is written to the color attachment for the appropriate sample. Otherwise, the value in memory is unmodified.

- `VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_B_BIT` specifies that the B value is written to the color attachment for the appropriate sample. Otherwise, the value in memory is unmodified.

- `VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_A_BIT` specifies that the A value is written to the color attachment for the appropriate sample. Otherwise, the value in memory is unmodified.

The color write mask operation is applied regardless of whether blending is enabled.

The color write mask operation is applied only if Color Write Enable is enabled for the respective attachment. Otherwise the color write mask is ignored and writes to all components of the attachment are disabled.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkColorComponentFlags;

`VkColorComponentFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkColorComponentFlagBits.

### 30.4. Color Write Enable

The `VkPipelineColorWriteCreateInfoEXT` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_color_write_enable
    typedef struct VkPipelineColorWriteCreateInfoEXT {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        uint32_t           attachmentCount;
        const VkBool32*    pColorWriteEnables;
    } VkPipelineColorWriteCreateInfoEXT;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `attachmentCount` is the number of VkBool32 elements in `pColorWriteEnables`.

- `pColorWriteEnables` is a pointer to an array of per target attachment boolean values specifying whether color writes are enabled for the given attachment.

When this structure is included in the `pNext` chain of VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo, it defines per-attachment color write state. If this structure is not included in the `pNext` chain, it is equivalent to specifying this structure with `attachmentCount` equal to the `attachmentCount` member of VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo, and `pColorWriteEnables` pointing to an array of as many `VK_TRUE` values.

If the `colorWriteEnable` feature is not enabled, all VkBool32 elements in the `pColorWriteEnables` array must be `VK_TRUE`.

Color Write Enable interacts with the Color Write Mask as follows:

- If `colorWriteEnable` is `VK_TRUE`, writes to the attachment are determined by the `colorWriteMask`.

- If `colorWriteEnable` is `VK_FALSE`, the `colorWriteMask` is ignored and writes to all components of the attachment are disabled. This is equivalent to specifying a `colorWriteMask` of 0.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkPipelineColorWriteCreateInfoEXT-pAttachments-04801
  If the `colorWriteEnable` feature is not enabled, all elements of `pColorWriteEnables` must be `VK_TRUE`

- VUID-VkPipelineColorWriteCreateInfoEXT-attachmentCount-07608
  If the pipeline is being created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_COLOR_BLEND_ADVANCED_EXT`, `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_COLOR_BLEND_ENABLE_EXT`, `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_COLOR_BLEND_EQUATION_EXT`, or `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_COLOR_WRITE_MASK_EXT` dynamic states not set, `attachmentCount` must be equal to the `attachmentCount` member of the `VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo` structure specified during pipeline creation

- VUID-VkPipelineColorWriteCreateInfoEXT-attachmentCount-06655
  `attachmentCount` must be less than or equal to the `maxColorAttachments` member of `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPipelineColorWriteCreateInfoEXT-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_COLOR_WRITE_CREATE_INFO_EXT`

- VUID-VkPipelineColorWriteCreateInfoEXT-pColorWriteEnables-parameter
  If `attachmentCount` is not `0`, `pColorWriteEnables` must be a valid pointer to an array of `attachmentCount` VkBool32 values

To dynamically enable or disable writes to a color attachment, call:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_color_write_enable
    void                                    vkCmdSetColorWriteEnableEXT(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        uint32_t                                    attachmentCount,
        const VkBool32*                             pColorWriteEnables);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `attachmentCount` is the number of VkBool32 elements in `pColorWriteEnables`.

- `pColorWriteEnables` is a pointer to an array of per target attachment boolean values specifying whether color writes are enabled for the given attachment.

This command sets the color write enables for subsequent drawing commands when drawing using shader objects, or when the graphics pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_COLOR_WRITE_ENABLE_EXT` set in VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates`. Otherwise, this state is specified by the VkPipelineColorWriteCreateInfoEXT::`pColorWriteEnables` values used to create the currently active pipeline.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdSetColorWriteEnableEXT-None-04803
  The `colorWriteEnable` feature must be enabled

- VUID-vkCmdSetColorWriteEnableEXT-attachmentCount-06656
  `attachmentCount` must be less than or equal to the `maxColorAttachments` member of `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdSetColorWriteEnableEXT-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetColorWriteEnableEXT-pColorWriteEnables-parameter
  `pColorWriteEnables` must be a valid pointer to an array of `attachmentCount` VkBool32 values

- VUID-vkCmdSetColorWriteEnableEXT-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdSetColorWriteEnableEXT-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdSetColorWriteEnableEXT-videocoding
  This command must only be called outside of a video coding scope

- VUID-vkCmdSetColorWriteEnableEXT-attachmentCount-arraylength
  `attachmentCount` must be greater than `0`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Video Coding Scope | Supported Queue Types | Command Type
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Outside | Graphics | State

### 30.5. Framebuffer Query Instructions

To query the tile properties from the attachments in framebuffer, call:

    // Provided by VK_QCOM_tile_properties
    VkResult vkGetFramebufferTilePropertiesQCOM(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkFramebuffer                               framebuffer,
        uint32_t*                                   pPropertiesCount,
        VkTilePropertiesQCOM*                       pProperties);

- `device` is a logical device associated with the framebuffer.

- `framebuffer` is a handle of the framebuffer to query.

- `pPropertiesCount` is a pointer to an integer related to the number of tile properties available or queried, as described below.

- `pProperties` is either `NULL` or a pointer to an array of VkTilePropertiesQCOM structures.

If `pProperties` is `NULL`, then the number of tile properties available is returned in `pPropertiesCount`. Otherwise, `pPropertiesCount` must point to a variable set by the application to the number of elements in the `pProperties` array, and on return the variable is overwritten with the number of properties actually written to `pProperties`. If `pPropertiesCount` is less than the number of tile properties available, at most `pPropertiesCount` structures will be written, and `VK_INCOMPLETE` will be returned instead of `VK_SUCCESS`, to indicate that not all the available properties were returned.

The number of tile properties available is determined by the number of merged subpasses, and each tile property is associated with a merged subpass. There will be at most as many properties as there are subpasses within the render pass. To obtain the tile properties for a given merged subpass, the `pProperties` array can be indexed using the `postMergeIndex` value provided in VkRenderPassSubpassFeedbackInfoEXT.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetFramebufferTilePropertiesQCOM-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetFramebufferTilePropertiesQCOM-framebuffer-parameter
  `framebuffer` must be a valid VkFramebuffer handle

- VUID-vkGetFramebufferTilePropertiesQCOM-pPropertiesCount-parameter
  `pPropertiesCount` must be a valid pointer to a `uint32_t` value

- VUID-vkGetFramebufferTilePropertiesQCOM-pProperties-parameter
  If the value referenced by `pPropertiesCount` is not `0`, and `pProperties` is not `NULL`, `pProperties` must be a valid pointer to an array of `pPropertiesCount` VkTilePropertiesQCOM structures

- VUID-vkGetFramebufferTilePropertiesQCOM-framebuffer-parent
  `framebuffer` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

  - `VK_INCOMPLETE`

Failure

  None