# Vulkan® 1.4.303 - A Specification (with all registered extensions)

The Khronos® Vulkan Working Group
version 1.4.303, 2024-12-15 00:58:43Z
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## 40. Ray Tracing

Ray tracing uses a separate rendering pipeline from both the graphics and compute pipelines (see Ray Tracing Pipeline).

Figure 30. Ray tracing pipeline execution
Caption

Interaction between the different shader stages in the ray tracing pipeline

Within the ray tracing pipeline, a pipeline trace ray instruction can be called to perform a ray traversal that invokes the various ray tracing shader stages during its execution. The relationship between the ray tracing pipeline object and the geometries present in the acceleration structure traversed is passed into the ray tracing command in a VkBuffer object known as a shader binding table. `OpExecuteCallableKHR` can also be used in ray tracing pipelines to invoke a callable shader.

During execution, control alternates between scheduling and other operations. The scheduling functionality is implementation-specific and is responsible for workload execution. The shader stages are programmable. Traversal, which refers to the process of traversing acceleration structures to find potential intersections of rays with geometry, is fixed function.

The programmable portions of the pipeline are exposed in a single-ray programming model, with each invocation handling one ray at a time. Memory operations can be synchronized using standard memory barriers. The `Workgroup` scope and variables with a storage class of `Workgroup` must not be used in the ray tracing pipeline.

### 40.1. Shader Call Instructions

A shader call is an instruction which may cause execution to continue elsewhere by creating one or more invocations that execute a different shader stage.

The following table lists all shader call instructions and which stages each one can directly call.

Instruction | Intersection | Any-Hit | Closest Hit | Miss | Callable
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
`OpTraceRayKHR` | X | X | X | X |
`OpTraceRayMotionNV` | X | X | X | X |
`OpReportIntersectionKHR` |  | X |  |  |
`OpExecuteCallableKHR` |  |  |  |  | X
`OpHitObjectTraceRayNV` | X | X |  |  |
`OpHitObjectTraceRayMotionNV` | X | X |  |  |
`OpHitObjectExecuteShaderNV` |  |  | X | X |

The invocations created by shader call instructions are grouped into subgroups by the implementation. Those subgroups may be unrelated to the subgroup of the parent invocation.

Pipeline trace ray instructions can be used recursively; invoked shaders can themselves execute pipeline trace ray instructions, to a maximum depth defined by the `maxRecursionDepth` or `maxRayRecursionDepth` limit.

Shaders directly invoked from the API always have a recursion depth of 0; each shader executed by a pipeline trace ray instruction has a recursion depth one higher than the recursion depth of the shader which invoked it. Applications must not invoke a shader with a recursion depth greater than the value of `maxRecursionDepth` or `maxPipelineRayRecursionDepth` specified in the pipeline.

There is no explicit recursion limit for other shader call instructions which may recurse (e.g. `OpExecuteCallableKHR`) but there is an upper bound determined by the stack size.

An invocation repack instruction is a ray tracing instruction where the implementation may change the set of invocations that are executing. When a repack instruction is encountered, the invocation is suspended and a new invocation begins and executes the instruction. After executing the repack instruction (which may result in other ray tracing shader stages executing) the new invocation ends and the original invocation is resumed, but it may be resumed in a different subgroup or at a different `SubgroupLocalInvocationId` within the same subgroup. When a subset of invocations in a subgroup execute the invocation repack instruction, those that do not execute it remain in the same subgroup at the same `SubgroupLocalInvocationId`.

The `OpTraceRayKHR`, `OpTraceRayMotionNV`, `OpReorderThreadWithHintNV`, `OpReorderThreadWithHitObjectNV`, `OpReportIntersectionKHR`, and `OpExecuteCallableKHR` instructions are invocation repack instructions.

The invocations that are executing before a shader call instruction, after the instruction, or are created by the instruction, are shader-call-related.

If the implementation changes the composition of subgroups, the values of `SubgroupSize`, `SubgroupLocalInvocationId`, `SMIDNV`, `WarpIDNV`, and builtin variables that are derived from them (`SubgroupEqMask`, `SubgroupGeMask`, `SubgroupGtMask`, `SubgroupLeMask`, `SubgroupLtMask`) must be changed accordingly by the invocation repack instruction. The application must use `Volatile` semantics on these `BuiltIn` variables when used in the ray generation, closest hit, miss, intersection, and callable shaders. Similarly, the application must use `Volatile` semantics on any `RayTmaxKHR` decorated `Builtin` used in an intersection shader.

Note | Subgroup operations are permitted in the programmable ray tracing shader stages. However, shader call instructions place a bound on where results of subgroup instructions or subgroup-scoped instructions that execute the dynamic instance of that instruction are potentially valid. For example, care must be taken when using the result of a ballot operation that was computed before an invocation repack instruction, after that repack instruction. The ballot may be incorrect as the set of invocations could have changed. While the `SubgroupSize` built-in is required to be declared `Volatile`, its value will never change unless `VK_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_ALLOW_VARYING_SUBGROUP_SIZE_BIT` is set on pipeline creation, as without that bit set, its value is required to match that of VkPhysicalDeviceSubgroupProperties::`subgroupSize`. For clock operations, the value of a `Subgroup` scoped `OpReadClockKHR` read before the dynamic instance of a repack instruction should not be compared to the result of that clock instruction after the repack instruction.

When a ray tracing shader executes a dynamic instance of an invocation repack instruction which results in another ray tracing shader being invoked, their instructions are related by shader-call-order.

For ray tracing invocations that are shader-call-related:

- memory operations on `StorageBuffer`, `Image`, and `ShaderRecordBufferKHR` storage classes can be synchronized using the `ShaderCallKHR` scope.

- the `CallableDataKHR`, `IncomingCallableDataKHR`, `RayPayloadKHR`, `HitAttributeKHR`, and `IncomingRayPayloadKHR` storage classes are system-synchronized and no application availability and visibility operations are required.

- memory operations within a single invocation before and after the shader call instruction are ordered by program-order and do not require explicit synchronization.

### 40.2. Ray Tracing Commands

Ray tracing commands provoke work in the ray tracing pipeline. Ray tracing commands are recorded into a command buffer and when executed by a queue will produce work that executes according to the bound ray tracing pipeline. A ray tracing pipeline must be bound to a command buffer before any ray tracing commands are recorded in that command buffer.

To dispatch ray tracing use:

    // Provided by VK_NV_ray_tracing
    void vkCmdTraceRaysNV(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkBuffer                                    raygenShaderBindingTableBuffer,
        VkDeviceSize                                raygenShaderBindingOffset,
        VkBuffer                                    missShaderBindingTableBuffer,
        VkDeviceSize                                missShaderBindingOffset,
        VkDeviceSize                                missShaderBindingStride,
        VkBuffer                                    hitShaderBindingTableBuffer,
        VkDeviceSize                                hitShaderBindingOffset,
        VkDeviceSize                                hitShaderBindingStride,
        VkBuffer                                    callableShaderBindingTableBuffer,
        VkDeviceSize                                callableShaderBindingOffset,
        VkDeviceSize                                callableShaderBindingStride,
        uint32_t                                    width,
        uint32_t                                    height,
        uint32_t                                    depth);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `raygenShaderBindingTableBuffer` is the buffer object that holds the shader binding table data for the ray generation shader stage.

- `raygenShaderBindingOffset` is the offset in bytes (relative to `raygenShaderBindingTableBuffer`) of the ray generation shader being used for the trace.

- `missShaderBindingTableBuffer` is the buffer object that holds the shader binding table data for the miss shader stage.

- `missShaderBindingOffset` is the offset in bytes (relative to `missShaderBindingTableBuffer`) of the miss shader being used for the trace.

- `missShaderBindingStride` is the size in bytes of each shader binding table record in `missShaderBindingTableBuffer`.

- `hitShaderBindingTableBuffer` is the buffer object that holds the shader binding table data for the hit shader stages.

- `hitShaderBindingOffset` is the offset in bytes (relative to `hitShaderBindingTableBuffer`) of the hit shader group being used for the trace.

- `hitShaderBindingStride` is the size in bytes of each shader binding table record in `hitShaderBindingTableBuffer`.

- `callableShaderBindingTableBuffer` is the buffer object that holds the shader binding table data for the callable shader stage.

- `callableShaderBindingOffset` is the offset in bytes (relative to `callableShaderBindingTableBuffer`) of the callable shader being used for the trace.

- `callableShaderBindingStride` is the size in bytes of each shader binding table record in `callableShaderBindingTableBuffer`.

- `width` is the width of the ray trace query dimensions.

- `height` is height of the ray trace query dimensions.

- `depth` is depth of the ray trace query dimensions.

When the command is executed, a ray generation group of `width` × `height` × `depth` rays is assembled.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-magFilter-04553
  If a VkSampler created with `magFilter` or `minFilter` equal to `VK_FILTER_LINEAR`, `reductionMode` equal to `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_WEIGHTED_AVERAGE`, and `compareEnable` equal to `VK_FALSE` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-magFilter-09598
  If a VkSampler created with `magFilter` or `minFilter` equal to `VK_FILTER_LINEAR` and `reductionMode` equal to either `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_MIN` or `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_MAX` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_MINMAX_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-mipmapMode-04770
  If a VkSampler created with `mipmapMode` equal to `VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_LINEAR`, `reductionMode` equal to `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_WEIGHTED_AVERAGE`, and `compareEnable` equal to `VK_FALSE` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-mipmapMode-09599
  If a VkSampler created with `mipmapMode` equal to `VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_LINEAR` and `reductionMode` equal to either `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_MIN` or `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_MAX` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_MINMAX_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-unnormalizedCoordinates-09635
  If a VkSampler created with `unnormalizedCoordinates` equal to `VK_TRUE` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s `levelCount` and `layerCount` must be 1

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-unnormalizedCoordinates-09636
  If a VkSampler created with `unnormalizedCoordinates` equal to `VK_TRUE` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s `viewType` must be `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_1D` or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-None-06479
  If a VkImageView is sampled with depth comparison, the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_DEPTH_COMPARISON_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-None-02691
  If a VkImageView is accessed using atomic operations as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_ATOMIC_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-None-07888
  If a `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER` descriptor is accessed using atomic operations as a result of this command, then the storage texel buffer’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_ATOMIC_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-None-02692
  If a VkImageView is sampled with `VK_FILTER_CUBIC_EXT` as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_CUBIC_BIT_EXT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-None-02693
  If the VK_EXT_filter_cubic extension is not enabled and any VkImageView is sampled with `VK_FILTER_CUBIC_EXT` as a result of this command, it must not have a VkImageViewType of `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_3D`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE`, or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE_ARRAY`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-filterCubic-02694
  Any VkImageView being sampled with `VK_FILTER_CUBIC_EXT` as a result of this command must have a VkImageViewType and format that supports cubic filtering, as specified by VkFilterCubicImageViewImageFormatPropertiesEXT::`filterCubic` returned by vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-filterCubicMinmax-02695
  Any VkImageView being sampled with `VK_FILTER_CUBIC_EXT` with a reduction mode of either `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_MIN` or `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_MAX` as a result of this command must have a VkImageViewType and format that supports cubic filtering together with minmax filtering, as specified by VkFilterCubicImageViewImageFormatPropertiesEXT::`filterCubicMinmax` returned by vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-cubicRangeClamp-09212
  If the `cubicRangeClamp` feature is not enabled, then any VkImageView being sampled with `VK_FILTER_CUBIC_EXT` as a result of this command must not have a VkSamplerReductionModeCreateInfo::`reductionMode` equal to `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_WEIGHTED_AVERAGE_RANGECLAMP_QCOM`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-reductionMode-09213
  Any VkImageView being sampled with a VkSamplerReductionModeCreateInfo::`reductionMode` equal to `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_WEIGHTED_AVERAGE_RANGECLAMP_QCOM` as a result of this command must sample with `VK_FILTER_CUBIC_EXT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-selectableCubicWeights-09214
  If the `selectableCubicWeights` feature is not enabled, then any VkImageView being sampled with `VK_FILTER_CUBIC_EXT` as a result of this command must have VkSamplerCubicWeightsCreateInfoQCOM::`cubicWeights` equal to `VK_CUBIC_FILTER_WEIGHTS_CATMULL_ROM_QCOM`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-flags-02696
  Any VkImage created with a VkImageCreateInfo::`flags` containing `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_CORNER_SAMPLED_BIT_NV` sampled as a result of this command must only be sampled using a VkSamplerAddressMode of `VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_EDGE`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-OpTypeImage-07027
  For any VkImageView being written as a storage image where the image format field of the `OpTypeImage` is `Unknown`, the view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_WRITE_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-OpTypeImage-07028
  For any VkImageView being read as a storage image where the image format field of the `OpTypeImage` is `Unknown`, the view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_READ_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-OpTypeImage-07029
  For any VkBufferView being written as a storage texel buffer where the image format field of the `OpTypeImage` is `Unknown`, the view’s buffer features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_WRITE_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-OpTypeImage-07030
  Any VkBufferView being read as a storage texel buffer where the image format field of the `OpTypeImage` is `Unknown` then the view’s buffer features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_READ_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-None-08600
  For each set n that is statically used by a bound shader, a descriptor set must have been bound to n at the same pipeline bind point, with a VkPipelineLayout that is compatible for set n, with the VkPipelineLayout used to create the current VkPipeline or the VkDescriptorSetLayout array used to create the current VkShaderEXT , as described in Pipeline Layout Compatibility

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-None-08601
  For each push constant that is statically used by a bound shader, a push constant value must have been set for the same pipeline bind point, with a VkPipelineLayout that is compatible for push constants, with the VkPipelineLayout used to create the current VkPipeline or the VkDescriptorSetLayout array used to create the current VkShaderEXT , as described in Pipeline Layout Compatibility

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-None-10068
  For each array of resources that is used by a bound shader, the indices used to access members of the array must be less than the descriptor count for the identified binding in the descriptor sets used by this command

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-maintenance4-08602
  If the `maintenance4` feature is not enabled, then for each push constant that is statically used by a bound shader, a push constant value must have been set for the same pipeline bind point, with a VkPipelineLayout that is compatible for push constants, with the VkPipelineLayout used to create the current VkPipeline or the VkDescriptorSetLayout and VkPushConstantRange arrays used to create the current VkShaderEXT , as described in Pipeline Layout Compatibility

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-None-08114
  Descriptors in each bound descriptor set, specified via vkCmdBindDescriptorSets, must be valid as described by descriptor validity if they are statically used by the VkPipeline bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command and the bound VkPipeline was not created with `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-None-08115
  If the descriptors used by the VkPipeline bound to the pipeline bind point were specified via vkCmdBindDescriptorSets, the bound VkPipeline must have been created without `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-None-08116
  Descriptors in bound descriptor buffers, specified via vkCmdSetDescriptorBufferOffsetsEXT, must be valid if they are dynamically used by the VkPipeline bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command and the bound VkPipeline was created with `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-None-08604
  Descriptors in bound descriptor buffers, specified via vkCmdSetDescriptorBufferOffsetsEXT, must be valid if they are dynamically used by any VkShaderEXT bound to a stage corresponding to the pipeline bind point used by this command

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-None-08117
  If the descriptors used by the VkPipeline bound to the pipeline bind point were specified via vkCmdSetDescriptorBufferOffsetsEXT, the bound VkPipeline must have been created with `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-None-08119
  If a descriptor is dynamically used with a VkPipeline created with `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT`, the descriptor memory must be resident

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-None-08605
  If a descriptor is dynamically used with a VkShaderEXT created with a `VkDescriptorSetLayout` that was created with `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT`, the descriptor memory must be resident

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-None-08606
  If the `shaderObject` feature is not enabled, a valid pipeline must be bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-None-08608
  If a pipeline is bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command, there must not have been any calls to dynamic state setting commands for any state specified statically in the VkPipeline object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command, since that pipeline was bound

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-None-08609
  If the VkPipeline object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command or any VkShaderEXT bound to a stage corresponding to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a VkSampler object that uses unnormalized coordinates, that sampler must not be used to sample from any VkImage with a VkImageView of the type `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_3D`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_1D_ARRAY`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY` or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE_ARRAY`, in any shader stage

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-None-08610
  If the VkPipeline object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command or any VkShaderEXT bound to a stage corresponding to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a VkSampler object that uses unnormalized coordinates, that sampler must not be used with any of the SPIR-V `OpImageSample*` or `OpImageSparseSample*` instructions with `ImplicitLod`, `Dref` or `Proj` in their name, in any shader stage

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-None-08611
  If the VkPipeline object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command or any VkShaderEXT bound to a stage corresponding to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a VkSampler object that uses unnormalized coordinates, that sampler must not be used with any of the SPIR-V `OpImageSample*` or `OpImageSparseSample*` instructions that includes a LOD bias or any offset values, in any shader stage

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-None-08607
  If the `shaderObject` feature is enabled, either a valid pipeline must be bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command, or a valid combination of valid and VK_NULL_HANDLE shader objects must be bound to every supported shader stage corresponding to the pipeline bind point used by this command

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-uniformBuffers-06935
  If any stage of the VkPipeline object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a uniform buffer, and that stage was created without enabling either `VK_PIPELINE_ROBUSTNESS_BUFFER_BEHAVIOR_ROBUST_BUFFER_ACCESS` or `VK_PIPELINE_ROBUSTNESS_BUFFER_BEHAVIOR_ROBUST_BUFFER_ACCESS_2` for `uniformBuffers`, and the `robustBufferAccess` feature is not enabled, that stage must not access values outside of the range of the buffer as specified in the descriptor set bound to the same pipeline bind point

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-None-08612
  If the `robustBufferAccess` feature is not enabled, and any VkShaderEXT bound to a stage corresponding to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a uniform buffer, it must not access values outside of the range of the buffer as specified in the descriptor set bound to the same pipeline bind point

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-storageBuffers-06936
  If any stage of the VkPipeline object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a storage buffer, and that stage was created without enabling either `VK_PIPELINE_ROBUSTNESS_BUFFER_BEHAVIOR_ROBUST_BUFFER_ACCESS` or `VK_PIPELINE_ROBUSTNESS_BUFFER_BEHAVIOR_ROBUST_BUFFER_ACCESS_2` for `storageBuffers`, and the `robustBufferAccess` feature is not enabled, that stage must not access values outside of the range of the buffer as specified in the descriptor set bound to the same pipeline bind point

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-None-08613
  If the `robustBufferAccess` feature is not enabled, and any VkShaderEXT bound to a stage corresponding to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a storage buffer, it must not access values outside of the range of the buffer as specified in the descriptor set bound to the same pipeline bind point

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-commandBuffer-02707
  If `commandBuffer` is an unprotected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, any resource accessed by bound shaders must not be a protected resource

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-None-06550
  If a bound shader accesses a VkSampler or VkImageView object that enables sampler Y′CBCR conversion, that object must only be used with `OpImageSample*` or `OpImageSparseSample*` instructions

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-ConstOffset-06551
  If a bound shader accesses a VkSampler or VkImageView object that enables sampler Y′CBCR conversion, that object must not use the `ConstOffset` and `Offset` operands

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-viewType-07752
  If a VkImageView is accessed as a result of this command, then the image view’s `viewType` must match the `Dim` operand of the `OpTypeImage` as described in Compatibility Between SPIR-V Image Dimensions and Vulkan ImageView Types

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-format-07753
  If a VkImageView is accessed as a result of this command, then the numeric type of the image view’s `format` and the `Sampled` `Type` operand of the `OpTypeImage` must match

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-OpImageWrite-08795
  If a VkImageView created with a format other than `VK_FORMAT_A8_UNORM` is accessed using `OpImageWrite` as a result of this command, then the `Type` of the `Texel` operand of that instruction must have at least as many components as the image view’s format

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-OpImageWrite-08796
  If a VkImageView created with the format `VK_FORMAT_A8_UNORM` is accessed using `OpImageWrite` as a result of this command, then the `Type` of the `Texel` operand of that instruction must have four components

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-OpImageWrite-04469
  If a VkBufferView is accessed using `OpImageWrite` as a result of this command, then the `Type` of the `Texel` operand of that instruction must have at least as many components as the buffer view’s format

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-SampledType-04470
  If a VkImageView with a VkFormat that has a 64-bit component width is accessed as a result of this command, the `SampledType` of the `OpTypeImage` operand of that instruction must have a `Width` of 64

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-SampledType-04471
  If a VkImageView with a VkFormat that has a component width less than 64-bit is accessed as a result of this command, the `SampledType` of the `OpTypeImage` operand of that instruction must have a `Width` of 32

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-SampledType-04472
  If a VkBufferView with a VkFormat that has a 64-bit component width is accessed as a result of this command, the `SampledType` of the `OpTypeImage` operand of that instruction must have a `Width` of 64

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-SampledType-04473
  If a VkBufferView with a VkFormat that has a component width less than 64-bit is accessed as a result of this command, the `SampledType` of the `OpTypeImage` operand of that instruction must have a `Width` of 32

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-sparseImageInt64Atomics-04474
  If the `sparseImageInt64Atomics` feature is not enabled, VkImage objects created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT` flag must not be accessed by atomic instructions through an `OpTypeImage` with a `SampledType` with a `Width` of 64 by this command

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-sparseImageInt64Atomics-04475
  If the `sparseImageInt64Atomics` feature is not enabled, VkBuffer objects created with the `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT` flag must not be accessed by atomic instructions through an `OpTypeImage` with a `SampledType` with a `Width` of 64 by this command

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-OpImageWeightedSampleQCOM-06971
  If `OpImageWeightedSampleQCOM` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_WEIGHT_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT_QCOM`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-OpImageWeightedSampleQCOM-06972
  If `OpImageWeightedSampleQCOM` uses a VkImageView as a sample weight image as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_WEIGHT_IMAGE_BIT_QCOM`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-OpImageBoxFilterQCOM-06973
  If `OpImageBoxFilterQCOM` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_BOX_FILTER_SAMPLED_BIT_QCOM`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-OpImageBlockMatchSSDQCOM-06974
  If `OpImageBlockMatchSSDQCOM` is used to read from an VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_BLOCK_MATCHING_BIT_QCOM`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-OpImageBlockMatchSADQCOM-06975
  If `OpImageBlockMatchSADQCOM` is used to read from an VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_BLOCK_MATCHING_BIT_QCOM`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-OpImageBlockMatchSADQCOM-06976
  If `OpImageBlockMatchSADQCOM` or OpImageBlockMatchSSDQCOM is used to read from a reference image as result of this command, then the specified reference coordinates must not fail integer texel coordinate validation

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-OpImageWeightedSampleQCOM-06977
  If `OpImageWeightedSampleQCOM`, `OpImageBoxFilterQCOM`, `OpImageBlockMatchWindowSSDQCOM`, `OpImageBlockMatchWindowSADQCOM`, `OpImageBlockMatchGatherSSDQCOM`, `OpImageBlockMatchGatherSADQCOM`, `OpImageBlockMatchSSDQCOM`, or `OpImageBlockMatchSADQCOM` uses a VkSampler as a result of this command, then the sampler must have been created with `VK_SAMPLER_CREATE_IMAGE_PROCESSING_BIT_QCOM`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-OpImageWeightedSampleQCOM-06978
  If any command other than `OpImageWeightedSampleQCOM`, `OpImageBoxFilterQCOM`, `OpImageBlockMatchWindowSSDQCOM`, `OpImageBlockMatchWindowSADQCOM`, `OpImageBlockMatchGatherSSDQCOM`, `OpImageBlockMatchGatherSADQCOM`, `OpImageBlockMatchSSDQCOM`, or `OpImageBlockMatchSADQCOM` uses a VkSampler as a result of this command, then the sampler must not have been created with `VK_SAMPLER_CREATE_IMAGE_PROCESSING_BIT_QCOM`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-OpImageBlockMatchWindow-09215
  If a `OpImageBlockMatchWindow*QCOM` or `OpImageBlockMatchGather*QCOM` instruction is used to read from an VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_BLOCK_MATCHING_BIT_QCOM`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-OpImageBlockMatchWindow-09216
  If a `OpImageBlockMatchWindow*QCOM` or `OpImageBlockMatchGather*QCOM` instruction is used to read from an VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format must be a single-component format

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-OpImageBlockMatchWindow-09217
  If a `OpImageBlockMatchWindow*QCOM` or `OpImageBlockMatchGather*QCOM` read from a reference image as result of this command, then the specified reference coordinates must not fail integer texel coordinate validation

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-None-07288
  Any shader invocation executed by this command must terminate

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-None-09600
  If a descriptor with type equal to any of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLE_WEIGHT_IMAGE_QCOM`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_BLOCK_MATCH_IMAGE_QCOM`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE`, or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT` is accessed as a result of this command, the image subresource identified by that descriptor must be in the image layout identified when the descriptor was written

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-None-03429
  Any shader group handle referenced by this call must have been queried from the bound ray tracing pipeline

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-None-09458
  If the bound ray tracing pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_RAY_TRACING_PIPELINE_STACK_SIZE_KHR` dynamic state enabled then vkCmdSetRayTracingPipelineStackSizeKHR must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this trace command

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-commandBuffer-04624
  `commandBuffer` must not be a protected command buffer

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-maxRecursionDepth-03625
  This command must not cause a pipeline trace ray instruction to be executed from a shader invocation with a recursion depth greater than the value of `maxRecursionDepth` used to create the bound ray tracing pipeline

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-raygenShaderBindingTableBuffer-04042
  If `raygenShaderBindingTableBuffer` is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-raygenShaderBindingOffset-02455
  `raygenShaderBindingOffset` must be less than the size of `raygenShaderBindingTableBuffer`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-raygenShaderBindingOffset-02456
  `raygenShaderBindingOffset` must be a multiple of `VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPropertiesNV`::`shaderGroupBaseAlignment`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-missShaderBindingTableBuffer-04043
  If `missShaderBindingTableBuffer` is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-missShaderBindingOffset-02457
  `missShaderBindingOffset` must be less than the size of `missShaderBindingTableBuffer`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-missShaderBindingOffset-02458
  `missShaderBindingOffset` must be a multiple of `VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPropertiesNV`::`shaderGroupBaseAlignment`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-hitShaderBindingTableBuffer-04044
  If `hitShaderBindingTableBuffer` is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-hitShaderBindingOffset-02459
  `hitShaderBindingOffset` must be less than the size of `hitShaderBindingTableBuffer`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-hitShaderBindingOffset-02460
  `hitShaderBindingOffset` must be a multiple of `VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPropertiesNV`::`shaderGroupBaseAlignment`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-callableShaderBindingTableBuffer-04045
  If `callableShaderBindingTableBuffer` is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-callableShaderBindingOffset-02461
  `callableShaderBindingOffset` must be less than the size of `callableShaderBindingTableBuffer`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-callableShaderBindingOffset-02462
  `callableShaderBindingOffset` must be a multiple of `VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPropertiesNV`::`shaderGroupBaseAlignment`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-missShaderBindingStride-02463
  `missShaderBindingStride` must be a multiple of `VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPropertiesNV`::`shaderGroupHandleSize`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-hitShaderBindingStride-02464
  `hitShaderBindingStride` must be a multiple of `VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPropertiesNV`::`shaderGroupHandleSize`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-callableShaderBindingStride-02465
  `callableShaderBindingStride` must be a multiple of `VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPropertiesNV`::`shaderGroupHandleSize`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-missShaderBindingStride-02466
  `missShaderBindingStride` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPropertiesNV`::`maxShaderGroupStride`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-hitShaderBindingStride-02467
  `hitShaderBindingStride` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPropertiesNV`::`maxShaderGroupStride`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-callableShaderBindingStride-02468
  `callableShaderBindingStride` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPropertiesNV`::`maxShaderGroupStride`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-width-02469
  `width` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxComputeWorkGroupCount`[0]

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-height-02470
  `height` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxComputeWorkGroupCount`[1]

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-depth-02471
  `depth` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxComputeWorkGroupCount`[2]

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-raygenShaderBindingTableBuffer-parameter
  `raygenShaderBindingTableBuffer` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-missShaderBindingTableBuffer-parameter
  If `missShaderBindingTableBuffer` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `missShaderBindingTableBuffer` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-hitShaderBindingTableBuffer-parameter
  If `hitShaderBindingTableBuffer` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `hitShaderBindingTableBuffer` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-callableShaderBindingTableBuffer-parameter
  If `callableShaderBindingTableBuffer` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `callableShaderBindingTableBuffer` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support compute operations

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-renderpass
  This command must only be called outside of a render pass instance

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-videocoding
  This command must only be called outside of a video coding scope

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysNV-commonparent
  Each of `callableShaderBindingTableBuffer`, `commandBuffer`, `hitShaderBindingTableBuffer`, `missShaderBindingTableBuffer`, and `raygenShaderBindingTableBuffer` that are valid handles of non-ignored parameters must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Video Coding Scope | Supported Queue Types | Command Type
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Outside | Outside | Compute | Action

To dispatch ray tracing use:

    // Provided by VK_KHR_ray_tracing_pipeline
    void vkCmdTraceRaysKHR(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        const VkStridedDeviceAddressRegionKHR*      pRaygenShaderBindingTable,
        const VkStridedDeviceAddressRegionKHR*      pMissShaderBindingTable,
        const VkStridedDeviceAddressRegionKHR*      pHitShaderBindingTable,
        const VkStridedDeviceAddressRegionKHR*      pCallableShaderBindingTable,
        uint32_t                                    width,
        uint32_t                                    height,
        uint32_t                                    depth);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `pRaygenShaderBindingTable` is a VkStridedDeviceAddressRegionKHR that holds the shader binding table data for the ray generation shader stage.

- `pMissShaderBindingTable` is a VkStridedDeviceAddressRegionKHR that holds the shader binding table data for the miss shader stage.

- `pHitShaderBindingTable` is a VkStridedDeviceAddressRegionKHR that holds the shader binding table data for the hit shader stage.

- `pCallableShaderBindingTable` is a VkStridedDeviceAddressRegionKHR that holds the shader binding table data for the callable shader stage.

- `width` is the width of the ray trace query dimensions.

- `height` is height of the ray trace query dimensions.

- `depth` is depth of the ray trace query dimensions.

When the command is executed, a ray generation group of `width` × `height` × `depth` rays is assembled.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-magFilter-04553
  If a VkSampler created with `magFilter` or `minFilter` equal to `VK_FILTER_LINEAR`, `reductionMode` equal to `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_WEIGHTED_AVERAGE`, and `compareEnable` equal to `VK_FALSE` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-magFilter-09598
  If a VkSampler created with `magFilter` or `minFilter` equal to `VK_FILTER_LINEAR` and `reductionMode` equal to either `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_MIN` or `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_MAX` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_MINMAX_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-mipmapMode-04770
  If a VkSampler created with `mipmapMode` equal to `VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_LINEAR`, `reductionMode` equal to `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_WEIGHTED_AVERAGE`, and `compareEnable` equal to `VK_FALSE` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-mipmapMode-09599
  If a VkSampler created with `mipmapMode` equal to `VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_LINEAR` and `reductionMode` equal to either `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_MIN` or `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_MAX` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_MINMAX_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-unnormalizedCoordinates-09635
  If a VkSampler created with `unnormalizedCoordinates` equal to `VK_TRUE` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s `levelCount` and `layerCount` must be 1

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-unnormalizedCoordinates-09636
  If a VkSampler created with `unnormalizedCoordinates` equal to `VK_TRUE` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s `viewType` must be `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_1D` or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-None-06479
  If a VkImageView is sampled with depth comparison, the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_DEPTH_COMPARISON_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-None-02691
  If a VkImageView is accessed using atomic operations as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_ATOMIC_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-None-07888
  If a `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER` descriptor is accessed using atomic operations as a result of this command, then the storage texel buffer’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_ATOMIC_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-None-02692
  If a VkImageView is sampled with `VK_FILTER_CUBIC_EXT` as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_CUBIC_BIT_EXT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-None-02693
  If the VK_EXT_filter_cubic extension is not enabled and any VkImageView is sampled with `VK_FILTER_CUBIC_EXT` as a result of this command, it must not have a VkImageViewType of `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_3D`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE`, or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE_ARRAY`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-filterCubic-02694
  Any VkImageView being sampled with `VK_FILTER_CUBIC_EXT` as a result of this command must have a VkImageViewType and format that supports cubic filtering, as specified by VkFilterCubicImageViewImageFormatPropertiesEXT::`filterCubic` returned by vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-filterCubicMinmax-02695
  Any VkImageView being sampled with `VK_FILTER_CUBIC_EXT` with a reduction mode of either `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_MIN` or `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_MAX` as a result of this command must have a VkImageViewType and format that supports cubic filtering together with minmax filtering, as specified by VkFilterCubicImageViewImageFormatPropertiesEXT::`filterCubicMinmax` returned by vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-cubicRangeClamp-09212
  If the `cubicRangeClamp` feature is not enabled, then any VkImageView being sampled with `VK_FILTER_CUBIC_EXT` as a result of this command must not have a VkSamplerReductionModeCreateInfo::`reductionMode` equal to `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_WEIGHTED_AVERAGE_RANGECLAMP_QCOM`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-reductionMode-09213
  Any VkImageView being sampled with a VkSamplerReductionModeCreateInfo::`reductionMode` equal to `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_WEIGHTED_AVERAGE_RANGECLAMP_QCOM` as a result of this command must sample with `VK_FILTER_CUBIC_EXT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-selectableCubicWeights-09214
  If the `selectableCubicWeights` feature is not enabled, then any VkImageView being sampled with `VK_FILTER_CUBIC_EXT` as a result of this command must have VkSamplerCubicWeightsCreateInfoQCOM::`cubicWeights` equal to `VK_CUBIC_FILTER_WEIGHTS_CATMULL_ROM_QCOM`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-flags-02696
  Any VkImage created with a VkImageCreateInfo::`flags` containing `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_CORNER_SAMPLED_BIT_NV` sampled as a result of this command must only be sampled using a VkSamplerAddressMode of `VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_EDGE`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-OpTypeImage-07027
  For any VkImageView being written as a storage image where the image format field of the `OpTypeImage` is `Unknown`, the view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_WRITE_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-OpTypeImage-07028
  For any VkImageView being read as a storage image where the image format field of the `OpTypeImage` is `Unknown`, the view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_READ_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-OpTypeImage-07029
  For any VkBufferView being written as a storage texel buffer where the image format field of the `OpTypeImage` is `Unknown`, the view’s buffer features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_WRITE_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-OpTypeImage-07030
  Any VkBufferView being read as a storage texel buffer where the image format field of the `OpTypeImage` is `Unknown` then the view’s buffer features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_READ_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-None-08600
  For each set n that is statically used by a bound shader, a descriptor set must have been bound to n at the same pipeline bind point, with a VkPipelineLayout that is compatible for set n, with the VkPipelineLayout used to create the current VkPipeline or the VkDescriptorSetLayout array used to create the current VkShaderEXT , as described in Pipeline Layout Compatibility

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-None-08601
  For each push constant that is statically used by a bound shader, a push constant value must have been set for the same pipeline bind point, with a VkPipelineLayout that is compatible for push constants, with the VkPipelineLayout used to create the current VkPipeline or the VkDescriptorSetLayout array used to create the current VkShaderEXT , as described in Pipeline Layout Compatibility

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-None-10068
  For each array of resources that is used by a bound shader, the indices used to access members of the array must be less than the descriptor count for the identified binding in the descriptor sets used by this command

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-maintenance4-08602
  If the `maintenance4` feature is not enabled, then for each push constant that is statically used by a bound shader, a push constant value must have been set for the same pipeline bind point, with a VkPipelineLayout that is compatible for push constants, with the VkPipelineLayout used to create the current VkPipeline or the VkDescriptorSetLayout and VkPushConstantRange arrays used to create the current VkShaderEXT , as described in Pipeline Layout Compatibility

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-None-08114
  Descriptors in each bound descriptor set, specified via vkCmdBindDescriptorSets, must be valid as described by descriptor validity if they are statically used by the VkPipeline bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command and the bound VkPipeline was not created with `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-None-08115
  If the descriptors used by the VkPipeline bound to the pipeline bind point were specified via vkCmdBindDescriptorSets, the bound VkPipeline must have been created without `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-None-08116
  Descriptors in bound descriptor buffers, specified via vkCmdSetDescriptorBufferOffsetsEXT, must be valid if they are dynamically used by the VkPipeline bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command and the bound VkPipeline was created with `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-None-08604
  Descriptors in bound descriptor buffers, specified via vkCmdSetDescriptorBufferOffsetsEXT, must be valid if they are dynamically used by any VkShaderEXT bound to a stage corresponding to the pipeline bind point used by this command

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-None-08117
  If the descriptors used by the VkPipeline bound to the pipeline bind point were specified via vkCmdSetDescriptorBufferOffsetsEXT, the bound VkPipeline must have been created with `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-None-08119
  If a descriptor is dynamically used with a VkPipeline created with `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT`, the descriptor memory must be resident

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-None-08605
  If a descriptor is dynamically used with a VkShaderEXT created with a `VkDescriptorSetLayout` that was created with `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT`, the descriptor memory must be resident

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-None-08606
  If the `shaderObject` feature is not enabled, a valid pipeline must be bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-None-08608
  If a pipeline is bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command, there must not have been any calls to dynamic state setting commands for any state specified statically in the VkPipeline object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command, since that pipeline was bound

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-None-08609
  If the VkPipeline object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command or any VkShaderEXT bound to a stage corresponding to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a VkSampler object that uses unnormalized coordinates, that sampler must not be used to sample from any VkImage with a VkImageView of the type `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_3D`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_1D_ARRAY`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY` or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE_ARRAY`, in any shader stage

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-None-08610
  If the VkPipeline object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command or any VkShaderEXT bound to a stage corresponding to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a VkSampler object that uses unnormalized coordinates, that sampler must not be used with any of the SPIR-V `OpImageSample*` or `OpImageSparseSample*` instructions with `ImplicitLod`, `Dref` or `Proj` in their name, in any shader stage

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-None-08611
  If the VkPipeline object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command or any VkShaderEXT bound to a stage corresponding to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a VkSampler object that uses unnormalized coordinates, that sampler must not be used with any of the SPIR-V `OpImageSample*` or `OpImageSparseSample*` instructions that includes a LOD bias or any offset values, in any shader stage

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-None-08607
  If the `shaderObject` feature is enabled, either a valid pipeline must be bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command, or a valid combination of valid and VK_NULL_HANDLE shader objects must be bound to every supported shader stage corresponding to the pipeline bind point used by this command

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-uniformBuffers-06935
  If any stage of the VkPipeline object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a uniform buffer, and that stage was created without enabling either `VK_PIPELINE_ROBUSTNESS_BUFFER_BEHAVIOR_ROBUST_BUFFER_ACCESS` or `VK_PIPELINE_ROBUSTNESS_BUFFER_BEHAVIOR_ROBUST_BUFFER_ACCESS_2` for `uniformBuffers`, and the `robustBufferAccess` feature is not enabled, that stage must not access values outside of the range of the buffer as specified in the descriptor set bound to the same pipeline bind point

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-None-08612
  If the `robustBufferAccess` feature is not enabled, and any VkShaderEXT bound to a stage corresponding to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a uniform buffer, it must not access values outside of the range of the buffer as specified in the descriptor set bound to the same pipeline bind point

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-storageBuffers-06936
  If any stage of the VkPipeline object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a storage buffer, and that stage was created without enabling either `VK_PIPELINE_ROBUSTNESS_BUFFER_BEHAVIOR_ROBUST_BUFFER_ACCESS` or `VK_PIPELINE_ROBUSTNESS_BUFFER_BEHAVIOR_ROBUST_BUFFER_ACCESS_2` for `storageBuffers`, and the `robustBufferAccess` feature is not enabled, that stage must not access values outside of the range of the buffer as specified in the descriptor set bound to the same pipeline bind point

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-None-08613
  If the `robustBufferAccess` feature is not enabled, and any VkShaderEXT bound to a stage corresponding to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a storage buffer, it must not access values outside of the range of the buffer as specified in the descriptor set bound to the same pipeline bind point

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-commandBuffer-02707
  If `commandBuffer` is an unprotected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, any resource accessed by bound shaders must not be a protected resource

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-None-06550
  If a bound shader accesses a VkSampler or VkImageView object that enables sampler Y′CBCR conversion, that object must only be used with `OpImageSample*` or `OpImageSparseSample*` instructions

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-ConstOffset-06551
  If a bound shader accesses a VkSampler or VkImageView object that enables sampler Y′CBCR conversion, that object must not use the `ConstOffset` and `Offset` operands

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-viewType-07752
  If a VkImageView is accessed as a result of this command, then the image view’s `viewType` must match the `Dim` operand of the `OpTypeImage` as described in Compatibility Between SPIR-V Image Dimensions and Vulkan ImageView Types

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-format-07753
  If a VkImageView is accessed as a result of this command, then the numeric type of the image view’s `format` and the `Sampled` `Type` operand of the `OpTypeImage` must match

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-OpImageWrite-08795
  If a VkImageView created with a format other than `VK_FORMAT_A8_UNORM` is accessed using `OpImageWrite` as a result of this command, then the `Type` of the `Texel` operand of that instruction must have at least as many components as the image view’s format

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-OpImageWrite-08796
  If a VkImageView created with the format `VK_FORMAT_A8_UNORM` is accessed using `OpImageWrite` as a result of this command, then the `Type` of the `Texel` operand of that instruction must have four components

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-OpImageWrite-04469
  If a VkBufferView is accessed using `OpImageWrite` as a result of this command, then the `Type` of the `Texel` operand of that instruction must have at least as many components as the buffer view’s format

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-SampledType-04470
  If a VkImageView with a VkFormat that has a 64-bit component width is accessed as a result of this command, the `SampledType` of the `OpTypeImage` operand of that instruction must have a `Width` of 64

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-SampledType-04471
  If a VkImageView with a VkFormat that has a component width less than 64-bit is accessed as a result of this command, the `SampledType` of the `OpTypeImage` operand of that instruction must have a `Width` of 32

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-SampledType-04472
  If a VkBufferView with a VkFormat that has a 64-bit component width is accessed as a result of this command, the `SampledType` of the `OpTypeImage` operand of that instruction must have a `Width` of 64

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-SampledType-04473
  If a VkBufferView with a VkFormat that has a component width less than 64-bit is accessed as a result of this command, the `SampledType` of the `OpTypeImage` operand of that instruction must have a `Width` of 32

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-sparseImageInt64Atomics-04474
  If the `sparseImageInt64Atomics` feature is not enabled, VkImage objects created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT` flag must not be accessed by atomic instructions through an `OpTypeImage` with a `SampledType` with a `Width` of 64 by this command

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-sparseImageInt64Atomics-04475
  If the `sparseImageInt64Atomics` feature is not enabled, VkBuffer objects created with the `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT` flag must not be accessed by atomic instructions through an `OpTypeImage` with a `SampledType` with a `Width` of 64 by this command

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-OpImageWeightedSampleQCOM-06971
  If `OpImageWeightedSampleQCOM` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_WEIGHT_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT_QCOM`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-OpImageWeightedSampleQCOM-06972
  If `OpImageWeightedSampleQCOM` uses a VkImageView as a sample weight image as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_WEIGHT_IMAGE_BIT_QCOM`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-OpImageBoxFilterQCOM-06973
  If `OpImageBoxFilterQCOM` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_BOX_FILTER_SAMPLED_BIT_QCOM`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-OpImageBlockMatchSSDQCOM-06974
  If `OpImageBlockMatchSSDQCOM` is used to read from an VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_BLOCK_MATCHING_BIT_QCOM`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-OpImageBlockMatchSADQCOM-06975
  If `OpImageBlockMatchSADQCOM` is used to read from an VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_BLOCK_MATCHING_BIT_QCOM`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-OpImageBlockMatchSADQCOM-06976
  If `OpImageBlockMatchSADQCOM` or OpImageBlockMatchSSDQCOM is used to read from a reference image as result of this command, then the specified reference coordinates must not fail integer texel coordinate validation

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-OpImageWeightedSampleQCOM-06977
  If `OpImageWeightedSampleQCOM`, `OpImageBoxFilterQCOM`, `OpImageBlockMatchWindowSSDQCOM`, `OpImageBlockMatchWindowSADQCOM`, `OpImageBlockMatchGatherSSDQCOM`, `OpImageBlockMatchGatherSADQCOM`, `OpImageBlockMatchSSDQCOM`, or `OpImageBlockMatchSADQCOM` uses a VkSampler as a result of this command, then the sampler must have been created with `VK_SAMPLER_CREATE_IMAGE_PROCESSING_BIT_QCOM`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-OpImageWeightedSampleQCOM-06978
  If any command other than `OpImageWeightedSampleQCOM`, `OpImageBoxFilterQCOM`, `OpImageBlockMatchWindowSSDQCOM`, `OpImageBlockMatchWindowSADQCOM`, `OpImageBlockMatchGatherSSDQCOM`, `OpImageBlockMatchGatherSADQCOM`, `OpImageBlockMatchSSDQCOM`, or `OpImageBlockMatchSADQCOM` uses a VkSampler as a result of this command, then the sampler must not have been created with `VK_SAMPLER_CREATE_IMAGE_PROCESSING_BIT_QCOM`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-OpImageBlockMatchWindow-09215
  If a `OpImageBlockMatchWindow*QCOM` or `OpImageBlockMatchGather*QCOM` instruction is used to read from an VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_BLOCK_MATCHING_BIT_QCOM`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-OpImageBlockMatchWindow-09216
  If a `OpImageBlockMatchWindow*QCOM` or `OpImageBlockMatchGather*QCOM` instruction is used to read from an VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format must be a single-component format

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-OpImageBlockMatchWindow-09217
  If a `OpImageBlockMatchWindow*QCOM` or `OpImageBlockMatchGather*QCOM` read from a reference image as result of this command, then the specified reference coordinates must not fail integer texel coordinate validation

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-None-07288
  Any shader invocation executed by this command must terminate

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-None-09600
  If a descriptor with type equal to any of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLE_WEIGHT_IMAGE_QCOM`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_BLOCK_MATCH_IMAGE_QCOM`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE`, or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT` is accessed as a result of this command, the image subresource identified by that descriptor must be in the image layout identified when the descriptor was written

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-None-03429
  Any shader group handle referenced by this call must have been queried from the bound ray tracing pipeline

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-None-09458
  If the bound ray tracing pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_RAY_TRACING_PIPELINE_STACK_SIZE_KHR` dynamic state enabled then vkCmdSetRayTracingPipelineStackSizeKHR must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this trace command

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-maxPipelineRayRecursionDepth-03679
  This command must not cause a shader call instruction to be executed from a shader invocation with a recursion depth greater than the value of `maxPipelineRayRecursionDepth` used to create the bound ray tracing pipeline

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-commandBuffer-03635
  `commandBuffer` must not be a protected command buffer

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-size-04023
  The `size` member of `pRayGenShaderBindingTable` must be equal to its `stride` member

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-pRayGenShaderBindingTable-03680
  If the buffer from which `pRayGenShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress` was queried is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-pRayGenShaderBindingTable-03681
  The buffer from which the `pRayGenShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress` is queried must have been created with the `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_BINDING_TABLE_BIT_KHR` usage flag

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-pRayGenShaderBindingTable-03682
  `pRayGenShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress` must be a multiple of `VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPipelinePropertiesKHR`::`shaderGroupBaseAlignment`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-pMissShaderBindingTable-03683
  If the buffer from which `pMissShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress` was queried is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-pMissShaderBindingTable-03684
  The buffer from which the `pMissShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress` is queried must have been created with the `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_BINDING_TABLE_BIT_KHR` usage flag

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-pMissShaderBindingTable-03685
  `pMissShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress` must be a multiple of `VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPipelinePropertiesKHR`::`shaderGroupBaseAlignment`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-stride-03686
  `pMissShaderBindingTable->stride` must be a multiple of `VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPipelinePropertiesKHR`::`shaderGroupHandleAlignment`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-stride-04029
  `pMissShaderBindingTable->stride` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPipelinePropertiesKHR`::`maxShaderGroupStride`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-pHitShaderBindingTable-03687
  If the buffer from which `pHitShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress` was queried is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-pHitShaderBindingTable-03688
  The buffer from which the `pHitShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress` is queried must have been created with the `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_BINDING_TABLE_BIT_KHR` usage flag

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-pHitShaderBindingTable-03689
  `pHitShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress` must be a multiple of `VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPipelinePropertiesKHR`::`shaderGroupBaseAlignment`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-stride-03690
  `pHitShaderBindingTable->stride` must be a multiple of `VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPipelinePropertiesKHR`::`shaderGroupHandleAlignment`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-stride-04035
  `pHitShaderBindingTable->stride` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPipelinePropertiesKHR`::`maxShaderGroupStride`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-pCallableShaderBindingTable-03691
  If the buffer from which `pCallableShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress` was queried is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-pCallableShaderBindingTable-03692
  The buffer from which the `pCallableShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress` is queried must have been created with the `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_BINDING_TABLE_BIT_KHR` usage flag

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-pCallableShaderBindingTable-03693
  `pCallableShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress` must be a multiple of `VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPipelinePropertiesKHR`::`shaderGroupBaseAlignment`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-stride-03694
  `pCallableShaderBindingTable->stride` must be a multiple of `VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPipelinePropertiesKHR`::`shaderGroupHandleAlignment`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-stride-04041
  `pCallableShaderBindingTable->stride` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPipelinePropertiesKHR`::`maxShaderGroupStride`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-flags-03696
  If the bound ray tracing pipeline was created with `flags` that included `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_RAY_TRACING_NO_NULL_CLOSEST_HIT_SHADERS_BIT_KHR`, `pHitShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress` must not be zero

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-flags-03697
  If the bound ray tracing pipeline was created with `flags` that included `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_RAY_TRACING_NO_NULL_INTERSECTION_SHADERS_BIT_KHR`, `pHitShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress` must not be zero

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-flags-03511
  If the bound ray tracing pipeline was created with `flags` that included `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_RAY_TRACING_NO_NULL_MISS_SHADERS_BIT_KHR`, the shader group handle identified by `pMissShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress` must not be zero

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-flags-03512
  If the bound ray tracing pipeline was created with `flags` that included `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_RAY_TRACING_NO_NULL_ANY_HIT_SHADERS_BIT_KHR`, entries in the table identified by `pHitShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress` accessed as a result of this command in order to execute an any-hit shader must not be zero

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-flags-03513
  If the bound ray tracing pipeline was created with `flags` that included `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_RAY_TRACING_NO_NULL_CLOSEST_HIT_SHADERS_BIT_KHR`, entries in the table identified by `pHitShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress` accessed as a result of this command in order to execute a closest hit shader must not be zero

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-flags-03514
  If the bound ray tracing pipeline was created with `flags` that included `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_RAY_TRACING_NO_NULL_INTERSECTION_SHADERS_BIT_KHR`, entries in the table identified by `pHitShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress` accessed as a result of this command in order to execute an intersection shader must not be zero

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-pHitShaderBindingTable-04735
  Any non-zero hit shader group entries in the table identified by `pHitShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress` accessed by this call from a geometry with a `geometryType` of `VK_GEOMETRY_TYPE_TRIANGLES_KHR` must have been created with `VK_RAY_TRACING_SHADER_GROUP_TYPE_TRIANGLES_HIT_GROUP_KHR`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-pHitShaderBindingTable-04736
  Any non-zero hit shader group entries in the table identified by `pHitShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress` accessed by this call from a geometry with a `geometryType` of `VK_GEOMETRY_TYPE_AABBS_KHR` must have been created with `VK_RAY_TRACING_SHADER_GROUP_TYPE_PROCEDURAL_HIT_GROUP_KHR`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-width-03638
  `width` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxComputeWorkGroupCount`[0] × `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxComputeWorkGroupSize`[0]

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-height-03639
  `height` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxComputeWorkGroupCount`[1] × `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxComputeWorkGroupSize`[1]

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-depth-03640
  `depth` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxComputeWorkGroupCount`[2] × `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxComputeWorkGroupSize`[2]

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-width-03641
  `width` × `height` × `depth` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPipelinePropertiesKHR`::`maxRayDispatchInvocationCount`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-pRaygenShaderBindingTable-parameter
  `pRaygenShaderBindingTable` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkStridedDeviceAddressRegionKHR structure

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-pMissShaderBindingTable-parameter
  `pMissShaderBindingTable` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkStridedDeviceAddressRegionKHR structure

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-pHitShaderBindingTable-parameter
  `pHitShaderBindingTable` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkStridedDeviceAddressRegionKHR structure

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-pCallableShaderBindingTable-parameter
  `pCallableShaderBindingTable` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkStridedDeviceAddressRegionKHR structure

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support compute operations

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-renderpass
  This command must only be called outside of a render pass instance

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysKHR-videocoding
  This command must only be called outside of a video coding scope

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Video Coding Scope | Supported Queue Types | Command Type
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Outside | Outside | Compute | Action

When invocation mask image usage is enabled in the bound ray tracing pipeline, the pipeline uses an invocation mask image specified by the command:

    // Provided by VK_HUAWEI_invocation_mask
    void vkCmdBindInvocationMaskHUAWEI(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkImageView                                 imageView,
        VkImageLayout                               imageLayout);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded

- `imageView` is an image view handle specifying the invocation mask image `imageView` may be VK_NULL_HANDLE, which is equivalent to specifying a view of an image filled with ones value.

- `imageLayout` is the layout that the image subresources accessible from `imageView` will be in when the invocation mask image is accessed

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdBindInvocationMaskHUAWEI-None-04976
  The `invocationMask` feature must be enabled

- VUID-vkCmdBindInvocationMaskHUAWEI-imageView-04977
  If `imageView` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, it must be a valid VkImageView handle of type `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D`

- VUID-vkCmdBindInvocationMaskHUAWEI-imageView-04978
  If `imageView` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, it must have a format of `VK_FORMAT_R8_UINT`

- VUID-vkCmdBindInvocationMaskHUAWEI-imageView-04979
  If `imageView` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, it must have been created with `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INVOCATION_MASK_BIT_HUAWEI` set

- VUID-vkCmdBindInvocationMaskHUAWEI-imageView-04980
  If `imageView` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `imageLayout` must be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL`

- VUID-vkCmdBindInvocationMaskHUAWEI-width-04981
  Thread mask image resolution must match the `width` and `height` in vkCmdTraceRaysKHR

- VUID-vkCmdBindInvocationMaskHUAWEI-None-04982
  Each element in the invocation mask image must have the value `0` or `1`. The value 1 means the invocation is active

- VUID-vkCmdBindInvocationMaskHUAWEI-depth-04983
  `depth` in vkCmdTraceRaysKHR must be 1

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdBindInvocationMaskHUAWEI-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdBindInvocationMaskHUAWEI-imageView-parameter
  If `imageView` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `imageView` must be a valid VkImageView handle

- VUID-vkCmdBindInvocationMaskHUAWEI-imageLayout-parameter
  `imageLayout` must be a valid VkImageLayout value

- VUID-vkCmdBindInvocationMaskHUAWEI-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdBindInvocationMaskHUAWEI-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support compute operations

- VUID-vkCmdBindInvocationMaskHUAWEI-renderpass
  This command must only be called outside of a render pass instance

- VUID-vkCmdBindInvocationMaskHUAWEI-videocoding
  This command must only be called outside of a video coding scope

- VUID-vkCmdBindInvocationMaskHUAWEI-commonparent
  Both of `commandBuffer`, and `imageView` that are valid handles of non-ignored parameters must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Video Coding Scope | Supported Queue Types | Command Type
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Outside | Outside | Compute | State

To dispatch ray tracing, with some parameters sourced on the device, use:

    // Provided by VK_KHR_ray_tracing_pipeline
    void vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        const VkStridedDeviceAddressRegionKHR*      pRaygenShaderBindingTable,
        const VkStridedDeviceAddressRegionKHR*      pMissShaderBindingTable,
        const VkStridedDeviceAddressRegionKHR*      pHitShaderBindingTable,
        const VkStridedDeviceAddressRegionKHR*      pCallableShaderBindingTable,
        VkDeviceAddress                             indirectDeviceAddress);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `pRaygenShaderBindingTable` is a VkStridedDeviceAddressRegionKHR that holds the shader binding table data for the ray generation shader stage.

- `pMissShaderBindingTable` is a VkStridedDeviceAddressRegionKHR that holds the shader binding table data for the miss shader stage.

- `pHitShaderBindingTable` is a VkStridedDeviceAddressRegionKHR that holds the shader binding table data for the hit shader stage.

- `pCallableShaderBindingTable` is a VkStridedDeviceAddressRegionKHR that holds the shader binding table data for the callable shader stage.

- `indirectDeviceAddress` is a buffer device address which is a pointer to a VkTraceRaysIndirectCommandKHR structure containing the trace ray parameters.

`vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR` behaves similarly to vkCmdTraceRaysKHR except that the ray trace query dimensions are read by the device from `indirectDeviceAddress` during execution.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-magFilter-04553
  If a VkSampler created with `magFilter` or `minFilter` equal to `VK_FILTER_LINEAR`, `reductionMode` equal to `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_WEIGHTED_AVERAGE`, and `compareEnable` equal to `VK_FALSE` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-magFilter-09598
  If a VkSampler created with `magFilter` or `minFilter` equal to `VK_FILTER_LINEAR` and `reductionMode` equal to either `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_MIN` or `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_MAX` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_MINMAX_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-mipmapMode-04770
  If a VkSampler created with `mipmapMode` equal to `VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_LINEAR`, `reductionMode` equal to `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_WEIGHTED_AVERAGE`, and `compareEnable` equal to `VK_FALSE` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-mipmapMode-09599
  If a VkSampler created with `mipmapMode` equal to `VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_LINEAR` and `reductionMode` equal to either `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_MIN` or `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_MAX` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_MINMAX_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-unnormalizedCoordinates-09635
  If a VkSampler created with `unnormalizedCoordinates` equal to `VK_TRUE` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s `levelCount` and `layerCount` must be 1

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-unnormalizedCoordinates-09636
  If a VkSampler created with `unnormalizedCoordinates` equal to `VK_TRUE` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s `viewType` must be `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_1D` or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-None-06479
  If a VkImageView is sampled with depth comparison, the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_DEPTH_COMPARISON_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-None-02691
  If a VkImageView is accessed using atomic operations as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_ATOMIC_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-None-07888
  If a `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER` descriptor is accessed using atomic operations as a result of this command, then the storage texel buffer’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_ATOMIC_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-None-02692
  If a VkImageView is sampled with `VK_FILTER_CUBIC_EXT` as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_CUBIC_BIT_EXT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-None-02693
  If the VK_EXT_filter_cubic extension is not enabled and any VkImageView is sampled with `VK_FILTER_CUBIC_EXT` as a result of this command, it must not have a VkImageViewType of `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_3D`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE`, or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE_ARRAY`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-filterCubic-02694
  Any VkImageView being sampled with `VK_FILTER_CUBIC_EXT` as a result of this command must have a VkImageViewType and format that supports cubic filtering, as specified by VkFilterCubicImageViewImageFormatPropertiesEXT::`filterCubic` returned by vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-filterCubicMinmax-02695
  Any VkImageView being sampled with `VK_FILTER_CUBIC_EXT` with a reduction mode of either `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_MIN` or `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_MAX` as a result of this command must have a VkImageViewType and format that supports cubic filtering together with minmax filtering, as specified by VkFilterCubicImageViewImageFormatPropertiesEXT::`filterCubicMinmax` returned by vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-cubicRangeClamp-09212
  If the `cubicRangeClamp` feature is not enabled, then any VkImageView being sampled with `VK_FILTER_CUBIC_EXT` as a result of this command must not have a VkSamplerReductionModeCreateInfo::`reductionMode` equal to `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_WEIGHTED_AVERAGE_RANGECLAMP_QCOM`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-reductionMode-09213
  Any VkImageView being sampled with a VkSamplerReductionModeCreateInfo::`reductionMode` equal to `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_WEIGHTED_AVERAGE_RANGECLAMP_QCOM` as a result of this command must sample with `VK_FILTER_CUBIC_EXT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-selectableCubicWeights-09214
  If the `selectableCubicWeights` feature is not enabled, then any VkImageView being sampled with `VK_FILTER_CUBIC_EXT` as a result of this command must have VkSamplerCubicWeightsCreateInfoQCOM::`cubicWeights` equal to `VK_CUBIC_FILTER_WEIGHTS_CATMULL_ROM_QCOM`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-flags-02696
  Any VkImage created with a VkImageCreateInfo::`flags` containing `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_CORNER_SAMPLED_BIT_NV` sampled as a result of this command must only be sampled using a VkSamplerAddressMode of `VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_EDGE`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-OpTypeImage-07027
  For any VkImageView being written as a storage image where the image format field of the `OpTypeImage` is `Unknown`, the view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_WRITE_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-OpTypeImage-07028
  For any VkImageView being read as a storage image where the image format field of the `OpTypeImage` is `Unknown`, the view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_READ_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-OpTypeImage-07029
  For any VkBufferView being written as a storage texel buffer where the image format field of the `OpTypeImage` is `Unknown`, the view’s buffer features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_WRITE_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-OpTypeImage-07030
  Any VkBufferView being read as a storage texel buffer where the image format field of the `OpTypeImage` is `Unknown` then the view’s buffer features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_READ_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-None-08600
  For each set n that is statically used by a bound shader, a descriptor set must have been bound to n at the same pipeline bind point, with a VkPipelineLayout that is compatible for set n, with the VkPipelineLayout used to create the current VkPipeline or the VkDescriptorSetLayout array used to create the current VkShaderEXT , as described in Pipeline Layout Compatibility

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-None-08601
  For each push constant that is statically used by a bound shader, a push constant value must have been set for the same pipeline bind point, with a VkPipelineLayout that is compatible for push constants, with the VkPipelineLayout used to create the current VkPipeline or the VkDescriptorSetLayout array used to create the current VkShaderEXT , as described in Pipeline Layout Compatibility

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-None-10068
  For each array of resources that is used by a bound shader, the indices used to access members of the array must be less than the descriptor count for the identified binding in the descriptor sets used by this command

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-maintenance4-08602
  If the `maintenance4` feature is not enabled, then for each push constant that is statically used by a bound shader, a push constant value must have been set for the same pipeline bind point, with a VkPipelineLayout that is compatible for push constants, with the VkPipelineLayout used to create the current VkPipeline or the VkDescriptorSetLayout and VkPushConstantRange arrays used to create the current VkShaderEXT , as described in Pipeline Layout Compatibility

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-None-08114
  Descriptors in each bound descriptor set, specified via vkCmdBindDescriptorSets, must be valid as described by descriptor validity if they are statically used by the VkPipeline bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command and the bound VkPipeline was not created with `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-None-08115
  If the descriptors used by the VkPipeline bound to the pipeline bind point were specified via vkCmdBindDescriptorSets, the bound VkPipeline must have been created without `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-None-08116
  Descriptors in bound descriptor buffers, specified via vkCmdSetDescriptorBufferOffsetsEXT, must be valid if they are dynamically used by the VkPipeline bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command and the bound VkPipeline was created with `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-None-08604
  Descriptors in bound descriptor buffers, specified via vkCmdSetDescriptorBufferOffsetsEXT, must be valid if they are dynamically used by any VkShaderEXT bound to a stage corresponding to the pipeline bind point used by this command

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-None-08117
  If the descriptors used by the VkPipeline bound to the pipeline bind point were specified via vkCmdSetDescriptorBufferOffsetsEXT, the bound VkPipeline must have been created with `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-None-08119
  If a descriptor is dynamically used with a VkPipeline created with `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT`, the descriptor memory must be resident

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-None-08605
  If a descriptor is dynamically used with a VkShaderEXT created with a `VkDescriptorSetLayout` that was created with `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT`, the descriptor memory must be resident

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-None-08606
  If the `shaderObject` feature is not enabled, a valid pipeline must be bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-None-08608
  If a pipeline is bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command, there must not have been any calls to dynamic state setting commands for any state specified statically in the VkPipeline object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command, since that pipeline was bound

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-None-08609
  If the VkPipeline object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command or any VkShaderEXT bound to a stage corresponding to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a VkSampler object that uses unnormalized coordinates, that sampler must not be used to sample from any VkImage with a VkImageView of the type `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_3D`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_1D_ARRAY`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY` or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE_ARRAY`, in any shader stage

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-None-08610
  If the VkPipeline object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command or any VkShaderEXT bound to a stage corresponding to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a VkSampler object that uses unnormalized coordinates, that sampler must not be used with any of the SPIR-V `OpImageSample*` or `OpImageSparseSample*` instructions with `ImplicitLod`, `Dref` or `Proj` in their name, in any shader stage

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-None-08611
  If the VkPipeline object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command or any VkShaderEXT bound to a stage corresponding to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a VkSampler object that uses unnormalized coordinates, that sampler must not be used with any of the SPIR-V `OpImageSample*` or `OpImageSparseSample*` instructions that includes a LOD bias or any offset values, in any shader stage

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-None-08607
  If the `shaderObject` feature is enabled, either a valid pipeline must be bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command, or a valid combination of valid and VK_NULL_HANDLE shader objects must be bound to every supported shader stage corresponding to the pipeline bind point used by this command

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-uniformBuffers-06935
  If any stage of the VkPipeline object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a uniform buffer, and that stage was created without enabling either `VK_PIPELINE_ROBUSTNESS_BUFFER_BEHAVIOR_ROBUST_BUFFER_ACCESS` or `VK_PIPELINE_ROBUSTNESS_BUFFER_BEHAVIOR_ROBUST_BUFFER_ACCESS_2` for `uniformBuffers`, and the `robustBufferAccess` feature is not enabled, that stage must not access values outside of the range of the buffer as specified in the descriptor set bound to the same pipeline bind point

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-None-08612
  If the `robustBufferAccess` feature is not enabled, and any VkShaderEXT bound to a stage corresponding to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a uniform buffer, it must not access values outside of the range of the buffer as specified in the descriptor set bound to the same pipeline bind point

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-storageBuffers-06936
  If any stage of the VkPipeline object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a storage buffer, and that stage was created without enabling either `VK_PIPELINE_ROBUSTNESS_BUFFER_BEHAVIOR_ROBUST_BUFFER_ACCESS` or `VK_PIPELINE_ROBUSTNESS_BUFFER_BEHAVIOR_ROBUST_BUFFER_ACCESS_2` for `storageBuffers`, and the `robustBufferAccess` feature is not enabled, that stage must not access values outside of the range of the buffer as specified in the descriptor set bound to the same pipeline bind point

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-None-08613
  If the `robustBufferAccess` feature is not enabled, and any VkShaderEXT bound to a stage corresponding to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a storage buffer, it must not access values outside of the range of the buffer as specified in the descriptor set bound to the same pipeline bind point

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-commandBuffer-02707
  If `commandBuffer` is an unprotected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, any resource accessed by bound shaders must not be a protected resource

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-None-06550
  If a bound shader accesses a VkSampler or VkImageView object that enables sampler Y′CBCR conversion, that object must only be used with `OpImageSample*` or `OpImageSparseSample*` instructions

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-ConstOffset-06551
  If a bound shader accesses a VkSampler or VkImageView object that enables sampler Y′CBCR conversion, that object must not use the `ConstOffset` and `Offset` operands

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-viewType-07752
  If a VkImageView is accessed as a result of this command, then the image view’s `viewType` must match the `Dim` operand of the `OpTypeImage` as described in Compatibility Between SPIR-V Image Dimensions and Vulkan ImageView Types

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-format-07753
  If a VkImageView is accessed as a result of this command, then the numeric type of the image view’s `format` and the `Sampled` `Type` operand of the `OpTypeImage` must match

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-OpImageWrite-08795
  If a VkImageView created with a format other than `VK_FORMAT_A8_UNORM` is accessed using `OpImageWrite` as a result of this command, then the `Type` of the `Texel` operand of that instruction must have at least as many components as the image view’s format

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-OpImageWrite-08796
  If a VkImageView created with the format `VK_FORMAT_A8_UNORM` is accessed using `OpImageWrite` as a result of this command, then the `Type` of the `Texel` operand of that instruction must have four components

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-OpImageWrite-04469
  If a VkBufferView is accessed using `OpImageWrite` as a result of this command, then the `Type` of the `Texel` operand of that instruction must have at least as many components as the buffer view’s format

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-SampledType-04470
  If a VkImageView with a VkFormat that has a 64-bit component width is accessed as a result of this command, the `SampledType` of the `OpTypeImage` operand of that instruction must have a `Width` of 64

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-SampledType-04471
  If a VkImageView with a VkFormat that has a component width less than 64-bit is accessed as a result of this command, the `SampledType` of the `OpTypeImage` operand of that instruction must have a `Width` of 32

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-SampledType-04472
  If a VkBufferView with a VkFormat that has a 64-bit component width is accessed as a result of this command, the `SampledType` of the `OpTypeImage` operand of that instruction must have a `Width` of 64

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-SampledType-04473
  If a VkBufferView with a VkFormat that has a component width less than 64-bit is accessed as a result of this command, the `SampledType` of the `OpTypeImage` operand of that instruction must have a `Width` of 32

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-sparseImageInt64Atomics-04474
  If the `sparseImageInt64Atomics` feature is not enabled, VkImage objects created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT` flag must not be accessed by atomic instructions through an `OpTypeImage` with a `SampledType` with a `Width` of 64 by this command

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-sparseImageInt64Atomics-04475
  If the `sparseImageInt64Atomics` feature is not enabled, VkBuffer objects created with the `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT` flag must not be accessed by atomic instructions through an `OpTypeImage` with a `SampledType` with a `Width` of 64 by this command

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-OpImageWeightedSampleQCOM-06971
  If `OpImageWeightedSampleQCOM` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_WEIGHT_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT_QCOM`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-OpImageWeightedSampleQCOM-06972
  If `OpImageWeightedSampleQCOM` uses a VkImageView as a sample weight image as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_WEIGHT_IMAGE_BIT_QCOM`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-OpImageBoxFilterQCOM-06973
  If `OpImageBoxFilterQCOM` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_BOX_FILTER_SAMPLED_BIT_QCOM`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-OpImageBlockMatchSSDQCOM-06974
  If `OpImageBlockMatchSSDQCOM` is used to read from an VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_BLOCK_MATCHING_BIT_QCOM`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-OpImageBlockMatchSADQCOM-06975
  If `OpImageBlockMatchSADQCOM` is used to read from an VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_BLOCK_MATCHING_BIT_QCOM`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-OpImageBlockMatchSADQCOM-06976
  If `OpImageBlockMatchSADQCOM` or OpImageBlockMatchSSDQCOM is used to read from a reference image as result of this command, then the specified reference coordinates must not fail integer texel coordinate validation

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-OpImageWeightedSampleQCOM-06977
  If `OpImageWeightedSampleQCOM`, `OpImageBoxFilterQCOM`, `OpImageBlockMatchWindowSSDQCOM`, `OpImageBlockMatchWindowSADQCOM`, `OpImageBlockMatchGatherSSDQCOM`, `OpImageBlockMatchGatherSADQCOM`, `OpImageBlockMatchSSDQCOM`, or `OpImageBlockMatchSADQCOM` uses a VkSampler as a result of this command, then the sampler must have been created with `VK_SAMPLER_CREATE_IMAGE_PROCESSING_BIT_QCOM`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-OpImageWeightedSampleQCOM-06978
  If any command other than `OpImageWeightedSampleQCOM`, `OpImageBoxFilterQCOM`, `OpImageBlockMatchWindowSSDQCOM`, `OpImageBlockMatchWindowSADQCOM`, `OpImageBlockMatchGatherSSDQCOM`, `OpImageBlockMatchGatherSADQCOM`, `OpImageBlockMatchSSDQCOM`, or `OpImageBlockMatchSADQCOM` uses a VkSampler as a result of this command, then the sampler must not have been created with `VK_SAMPLER_CREATE_IMAGE_PROCESSING_BIT_QCOM`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-OpImageBlockMatchWindow-09215
  If a `OpImageBlockMatchWindow*QCOM` or `OpImageBlockMatchGather*QCOM` instruction is used to read from an VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_BLOCK_MATCHING_BIT_QCOM`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-OpImageBlockMatchWindow-09216
  If a `OpImageBlockMatchWindow*QCOM` or `OpImageBlockMatchGather*QCOM` instruction is used to read from an VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format must be a single-component format

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-OpImageBlockMatchWindow-09217
  If a `OpImageBlockMatchWindow*QCOM` or `OpImageBlockMatchGather*QCOM` read from a reference image as result of this command, then the specified reference coordinates must not fail integer texel coordinate validation

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-None-07288
  Any shader invocation executed by this command must terminate

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-None-09600
  If a descriptor with type equal to any of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLE_WEIGHT_IMAGE_QCOM`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_BLOCK_MATCH_IMAGE_QCOM`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE`, or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT` is accessed as a result of this command, the image subresource identified by that descriptor must be in the image layout identified when the descriptor was written

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-None-03429
  Any shader group handle referenced by this call must have been queried from the bound ray tracing pipeline

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-None-09458
  If the bound ray tracing pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_RAY_TRACING_PIPELINE_STACK_SIZE_KHR` dynamic state enabled then vkCmdSetRayTracingPipelineStackSizeKHR must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this trace command

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-maxPipelineRayRecursionDepth-03679
  This command must not cause a shader call instruction to be executed from a shader invocation with a recursion depth greater than the value of `maxPipelineRayRecursionDepth` used to create the bound ray tracing pipeline

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-commandBuffer-03635
  `commandBuffer` must not be a protected command buffer

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-size-04023
  The `size` member of `pRayGenShaderBindingTable` must be equal to its `stride` member

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-pRayGenShaderBindingTable-03680
  If the buffer from which `pRayGenShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress` was queried is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-pRayGenShaderBindingTable-03681
  The buffer from which the `pRayGenShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress` is queried must have been created with the `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_BINDING_TABLE_BIT_KHR` usage flag

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-pRayGenShaderBindingTable-03682
  `pRayGenShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress` must be a multiple of `VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPipelinePropertiesKHR`::`shaderGroupBaseAlignment`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-pMissShaderBindingTable-03683
  If the buffer from which `pMissShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress` was queried is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-pMissShaderBindingTable-03684
  The buffer from which the `pMissShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress` is queried must have been created with the `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_BINDING_TABLE_BIT_KHR` usage flag

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-pMissShaderBindingTable-03685
  `pMissShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress` must be a multiple of `VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPipelinePropertiesKHR`::`shaderGroupBaseAlignment`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-stride-03686
  `pMissShaderBindingTable->stride` must be a multiple of `VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPipelinePropertiesKHR`::`shaderGroupHandleAlignment`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-stride-04029
  `pMissShaderBindingTable->stride` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPipelinePropertiesKHR`::`maxShaderGroupStride`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-pHitShaderBindingTable-03687
  If the buffer from which `pHitShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress` was queried is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-pHitShaderBindingTable-03688
  The buffer from which the `pHitShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress` is queried must have been created with the `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_BINDING_TABLE_BIT_KHR` usage flag

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-pHitShaderBindingTable-03689
  `pHitShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress` must be a multiple of `VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPipelinePropertiesKHR`::`shaderGroupBaseAlignment`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-stride-03690
  `pHitShaderBindingTable->stride` must be a multiple of `VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPipelinePropertiesKHR`::`shaderGroupHandleAlignment`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-stride-04035
  `pHitShaderBindingTable->stride` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPipelinePropertiesKHR`::`maxShaderGroupStride`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-pCallableShaderBindingTable-03691
  If the buffer from which `pCallableShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress` was queried is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-pCallableShaderBindingTable-03692
  The buffer from which the `pCallableShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress` is queried must have been created with the `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_BINDING_TABLE_BIT_KHR` usage flag

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-pCallableShaderBindingTable-03693
  `pCallableShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress` must be a multiple of `VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPipelinePropertiesKHR`::`shaderGroupBaseAlignment`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-stride-03694
  `pCallableShaderBindingTable->stride` must be a multiple of `VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPipelinePropertiesKHR`::`shaderGroupHandleAlignment`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-stride-04041
  `pCallableShaderBindingTable->stride` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPipelinePropertiesKHR`::`maxShaderGroupStride`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-flags-03696
  If the bound ray tracing pipeline was created with `flags` that included `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_RAY_TRACING_NO_NULL_CLOSEST_HIT_SHADERS_BIT_KHR`, `pHitShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress` must not be zero

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-flags-03697
  If the bound ray tracing pipeline was created with `flags` that included `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_RAY_TRACING_NO_NULL_INTERSECTION_SHADERS_BIT_KHR`, `pHitShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress` must not be zero

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-flags-03511
  If the bound ray tracing pipeline was created with `flags` that included `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_RAY_TRACING_NO_NULL_MISS_SHADERS_BIT_KHR`, the shader group handle identified by `pMissShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress` must not be zero

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-flags-03512
  If the bound ray tracing pipeline was created with `flags` that included `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_RAY_TRACING_NO_NULL_ANY_HIT_SHADERS_BIT_KHR`, entries in the table identified by `pHitShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress` accessed as a result of this command in order to execute an any-hit shader must not be zero

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-flags-03513
  If the bound ray tracing pipeline was created with `flags` that included `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_RAY_TRACING_NO_NULL_CLOSEST_HIT_SHADERS_BIT_KHR`, entries in the table identified by `pHitShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress` accessed as a result of this command in order to execute a closest hit shader must not be zero

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-flags-03514
  If the bound ray tracing pipeline was created with `flags` that included `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_RAY_TRACING_NO_NULL_INTERSECTION_SHADERS_BIT_KHR`, entries in the table identified by `pHitShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress` accessed as a result of this command in order to execute an intersection shader must not be zero

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-pHitShaderBindingTable-04735
  Any non-zero hit shader group entries in the table identified by `pHitShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress` accessed by this call from a geometry with a `geometryType` of `VK_GEOMETRY_TYPE_TRIANGLES_KHR` must have been created with `VK_RAY_TRACING_SHADER_GROUP_TYPE_TRIANGLES_HIT_GROUP_KHR`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-pHitShaderBindingTable-04736
  Any non-zero hit shader group entries in the table identified by `pHitShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress` accessed by this call from a geometry with a `geometryType` of `VK_GEOMETRY_TYPE_AABBS_KHR` must have been created with `VK_RAY_TRACING_SHADER_GROUP_TYPE_PROCEDURAL_HIT_GROUP_KHR`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-indirectDeviceAddress-03632
  If the buffer from which `indirectDeviceAddress` was queried is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-indirectDeviceAddress-03633
  The buffer from which `indirectDeviceAddress` was queried must have been created with the `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDIRECT_BUFFER_BIT` bit set

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-indirectDeviceAddress-03634
  `indirectDeviceAddress` must be a multiple of `4`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-indirectDeviceAddress-03636
  All device addresses between `indirectDeviceAddress` and `indirectDeviceAddress` + `sizeof`(`VkTraceRaysIndirectCommandKHR`) - 1 must be in the buffer device address range of the same buffer

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-rayTracingPipelineTraceRaysIndirect-03637
  The `rayTracingPipelineTraceRaysIndirect` feature must be enabled

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-rayTracingMotionBlurPipelineTraceRaysIndirect-04951
  If the bound ray tracing pipeline was created with `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_RAY_TRACING_ALLOW_MOTION_BIT_NV` `VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingMotionBlurFeaturesNV`::`rayTracingMotionBlurPipelineTraceRaysIndirect` feature must be enabled

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-pRaygenShaderBindingTable-parameter
  `pRaygenShaderBindingTable` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkStridedDeviceAddressRegionKHR structure

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-pMissShaderBindingTable-parameter
  `pMissShaderBindingTable` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkStridedDeviceAddressRegionKHR structure

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-pHitShaderBindingTable-parameter
  `pHitShaderBindingTable` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkStridedDeviceAddressRegionKHR structure

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-pCallableShaderBindingTable-parameter
  `pCallableShaderBindingTable` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkStridedDeviceAddressRegionKHR structure

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support compute operations

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-renderpass
  This command must only be called outside of a render pass instance

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR-videocoding
  This command must only be called outside of a video coding scope

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Video Coding Scope | Supported Queue Types | Command Type
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Outside | Outside | Compute | Action

The `VkTraceRaysIndirectCommandKHR` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_KHR_ray_tracing_pipeline
    typedef struct VkTraceRaysIndirectCommandKHR {
        uint32_t    width;
        uint32_t    height;
        uint32_t    depth;
    } VkTraceRaysIndirectCommandKHR;

- `width` is the width of the ray trace query dimensions.

- `height` is height of the ray trace query dimensions.

- `depth` is depth of the ray trace query dimensions.

The members of `VkTraceRaysIndirectCommandKHR` have the same meaning as the similarly named parameters of vkCmdTraceRaysKHR.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkTraceRaysIndirectCommandKHR-width-03638
  `width` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxComputeWorkGroupCount`[0] × `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxComputeWorkGroupSize`[0]

- VUID-VkTraceRaysIndirectCommandKHR-height-03639
  `height` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxComputeWorkGroupCount`[1] × `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxComputeWorkGroupSize`[1]

- VUID-VkTraceRaysIndirectCommandKHR-depth-03640
  `depth` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxComputeWorkGroupCount`[2] × `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxComputeWorkGroupSize`[2]

- VUID-VkTraceRaysIndirectCommandKHR-width-03641
  `width` × `height` × `depth` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPipelinePropertiesKHR`::`maxRayDispatchInvocationCount`

To dispatch ray tracing, with some parameters sourced on the device, use:

    // Provided by VK_KHR_ray_tracing_maintenance1 with VK_KHR_ray_tracing_pipeline
    void vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkDeviceAddress                             indirectDeviceAddress);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `indirectDeviceAddress` is a buffer device address which is a pointer to a VkTraceRaysIndirectCommand2KHR structure containing the trace ray parameters.

`vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR` behaves similarly to vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR except that shader binding table parameters as well as dispatch dimensions are read by the device from `indirectDeviceAddress` during execution.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-magFilter-04553
  If a VkSampler created with `magFilter` or `minFilter` equal to `VK_FILTER_LINEAR`, `reductionMode` equal to `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_WEIGHTED_AVERAGE`, and `compareEnable` equal to `VK_FALSE` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-magFilter-09598
  If a VkSampler created with `magFilter` or `minFilter` equal to `VK_FILTER_LINEAR` and `reductionMode` equal to either `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_MIN` or `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_MAX` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_MINMAX_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-mipmapMode-04770
  If a VkSampler created with `mipmapMode` equal to `VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_LINEAR`, `reductionMode` equal to `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_WEIGHTED_AVERAGE`, and `compareEnable` equal to `VK_FALSE` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-mipmapMode-09599
  If a VkSampler created with `mipmapMode` equal to `VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_LINEAR` and `reductionMode` equal to either `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_MIN` or `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_MAX` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_MINMAX_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-unnormalizedCoordinates-09635
  If a VkSampler created with `unnormalizedCoordinates` equal to `VK_TRUE` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s `levelCount` and `layerCount` must be 1

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-unnormalizedCoordinates-09636
  If a VkSampler created with `unnormalizedCoordinates` equal to `VK_TRUE` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s `viewType` must be `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_1D` or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-None-06479
  If a VkImageView is sampled with depth comparison, the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_DEPTH_COMPARISON_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-None-02691
  If a VkImageView is accessed using atomic operations as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_ATOMIC_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-None-07888
  If a `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER` descriptor is accessed using atomic operations as a result of this command, then the storage texel buffer’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_ATOMIC_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-None-02692
  If a VkImageView is sampled with `VK_FILTER_CUBIC_EXT` as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_CUBIC_BIT_EXT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-None-02693
  If the VK_EXT_filter_cubic extension is not enabled and any VkImageView is sampled with `VK_FILTER_CUBIC_EXT` as a result of this command, it must not have a VkImageViewType of `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_3D`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE`, or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE_ARRAY`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-filterCubic-02694
  Any VkImageView being sampled with `VK_FILTER_CUBIC_EXT` as a result of this command must have a VkImageViewType and format that supports cubic filtering, as specified by VkFilterCubicImageViewImageFormatPropertiesEXT::`filterCubic` returned by vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-filterCubicMinmax-02695
  Any VkImageView being sampled with `VK_FILTER_CUBIC_EXT` with a reduction mode of either `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_MIN` or `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_MAX` as a result of this command must have a VkImageViewType and format that supports cubic filtering together with minmax filtering, as specified by VkFilterCubicImageViewImageFormatPropertiesEXT::`filterCubicMinmax` returned by vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-cubicRangeClamp-09212
  If the `cubicRangeClamp` feature is not enabled, then any VkImageView being sampled with `VK_FILTER_CUBIC_EXT` as a result of this command must not have a VkSamplerReductionModeCreateInfo::`reductionMode` equal to `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_WEIGHTED_AVERAGE_RANGECLAMP_QCOM`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-reductionMode-09213
  Any VkImageView being sampled with a VkSamplerReductionModeCreateInfo::`reductionMode` equal to `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_WEIGHTED_AVERAGE_RANGECLAMP_QCOM` as a result of this command must sample with `VK_FILTER_CUBIC_EXT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-selectableCubicWeights-09214
  If the `selectableCubicWeights` feature is not enabled, then any VkImageView being sampled with `VK_FILTER_CUBIC_EXT` as a result of this command must have VkSamplerCubicWeightsCreateInfoQCOM::`cubicWeights` equal to `VK_CUBIC_FILTER_WEIGHTS_CATMULL_ROM_QCOM`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-flags-02696
  Any VkImage created with a VkImageCreateInfo::`flags` containing `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_CORNER_SAMPLED_BIT_NV` sampled as a result of this command must only be sampled using a VkSamplerAddressMode of `VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_EDGE`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-OpTypeImage-07027
  For any VkImageView being written as a storage image where the image format field of the `OpTypeImage` is `Unknown`, the view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_WRITE_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-OpTypeImage-07028
  For any VkImageView being read as a storage image where the image format field of the `OpTypeImage` is `Unknown`, the view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_READ_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-OpTypeImage-07029
  For any VkBufferView being written as a storage texel buffer where the image format field of the `OpTypeImage` is `Unknown`, the view’s buffer features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_WRITE_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-OpTypeImage-07030
  Any VkBufferView being read as a storage texel buffer where the image format field of the `OpTypeImage` is `Unknown` then the view’s buffer features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_READ_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-None-08600
  For each set n that is statically used by a bound shader, a descriptor set must have been bound to n at the same pipeline bind point, with a VkPipelineLayout that is compatible for set n, with the VkPipelineLayout used to create the current VkPipeline or the VkDescriptorSetLayout array used to create the current VkShaderEXT , as described in Pipeline Layout Compatibility

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-None-08601
  For each push constant that is statically used by a bound shader, a push constant value must have been set for the same pipeline bind point, with a VkPipelineLayout that is compatible for push constants, with the VkPipelineLayout used to create the current VkPipeline or the VkDescriptorSetLayout array used to create the current VkShaderEXT , as described in Pipeline Layout Compatibility

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-None-10068
  For each array of resources that is used by a bound shader, the indices used to access members of the array must be less than the descriptor count for the identified binding in the descriptor sets used by this command

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-maintenance4-08602
  If the `maintenance4` feature is not enabled, then for each push constant that is statically used by a bound shader, a push constant value must have been set for the same pipeline bind point, with a VkPipelineLayout that is compatible for push constants, with the VkPipelineLayout used to create the current VkPipeline or the VkDescriptorSetLayout and VkPushConstantRange arrays used to create the current VkShaderEXT , as described in Pipeline Layout Compatibility

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-None-08114
  Descriptors in each bound descriptor set, specified via vkCmdBindDescriptorSets, must be valid as described by descriptor validity if they are statically used by the VkPipeline bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command and the bound VkPipeline was not created with `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-None-08115
  If the descriptors used by the VkPipeline bound to the pipeline bind point were specified via vkCmdBindDescriptorSets, the bound VkPipeline must have been created without `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-None-08116
  Descriptors in bound descriptor buffers, specified via vkCmdSetDescriptorBufferOffsetsEXT, must be valid if they are dynamically used by the VkPipeline bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command and the bound VkPipeline was created with `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-None-08604
  Descriptors in bound descriptor buffers, specified via vkCmdSetDescriptorBufferOffsetsEXT, must be valid if they are dynamically used by any VkShaderEXT bound to a stage corresponding to the pipeline bind point used by this command

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-None-08117
  If the descriptors used by the VkPipeline bound to the pipeline bind point were specified via vkCmdSetDescriptorBufferOffsetsEXT, the bound VkPipeline must have been created with `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-None-08119
  If a descriptor is dynamically used with a VkPipeline created with `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT`, the descriptor memory must be resident

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-None-08605
  If a descriptor is dynamically used with a VkShaderEXT created with a `VkDescriptorSetLayout` that was created with `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT`, the descriptor memory must be resident

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-None-08606
  If the `shaderObject` feature is not enabled, a valid pipeline must be bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-None-08608
  If a pipeline is bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command, there must not have been any calls to dynamic state setting commands for any state specified statically in the VkPipeline object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command, since that pipeline was bound

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-None-08609
  If the VkPipeline object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command or any VkShaderEXT bound to a stage corresponding to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a VkSampler object that uses unnormalized coordinates, that sampler must not be used to sample from any VkImage with a VkImageView of the type `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_3D`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_1D_ARRAY`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY` or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE_ARRAY`, in any shader stage

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-None-08610
  If the VkPipeline object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command or any VkShaderEXT bound to a stage corresponding to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a VkSampler object that uses unnormalized coordinates, that sampler must not be used with any of the SPIR-V `OpImageSample*` or `OpImageSparseSample*` instructions with `ImplicitLod`, `Dref` or `Proj` in their name, in any shader stage

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-None-08611
  If the VkPipeline object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command or any VkShaderEXT bound to a stage corresponding to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a VkSampler object that uses unnormalized coordinates, that sampler must not be used with any of the SPIR-V `OpImageSample*` or `OpImageSparseSample*` instructions that includes a LOD bias or any offset values, in any shader stage

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-None-08607
  If the `shaderObject` feature is enabled, either a valid pipeline must be bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command, or a valid combination of valid and VK_NULL_HANDLE shader objects must be bound to every supported shader stage corresponding to the pipeline bind point used by this command

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-uniformBuffers-06935
  If any stage of the VkPipeline object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a uniform buffer, and that stage was created without enabling either `VK_PIPELINE_ROBUSTNESS_BUFFER_BEHAVIOR_ROBUST_BUFFER_ACCESS` or `VK_PIPELINE_ROBUSTNESS_BUFFER_BEHAVIOR_ROBUST_BUFFER_ACCESS_2` for `uniformBuffers`, and the `robustBufferAccess` feature is not enabled, that stage must not access values outside of the range of the buffer as specified in the descriptor set bound to the same pipeline bind point

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-None-08612
  If the `robustBufferAccess` feature is not enabled, and any VkShaderEXT bound to a stage corresponding to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a uniform buffer, it must not access values outside of the range of the buffer as specified in the descriptor set bound to the same pipeline bind point

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-storageBuffers-06936
  If any stage of the VkPipeline object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a storage buffer, and that stage was created without enabling either `VK_PIPELINE_ROBUSTNESS_BUFFER_BEHAVIOR_ROBUST_BUFFER_ACCESS` or `VK_PIPELINE_ROBUSTNESS_BUFFER_BEHAVIOR_ROBUST_BUFFER_ACCESS_2` for `storageBuffers`, and the `robustBufferAccess` feature is not enabled, that stage must not access values outside of the range of the buffer as specified in the descriptor set bound to the same pipeline bind point

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-None-08613
  If the `robustBufferAccess` feature is not enabled, and any VkShaderEXT bound to a stage corresponding to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a storage buffer, it must not access values outside of the range of the buffer as specified in the descriptor set bound to the same pipeline bind point

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-commandBuffer-02707
  If `commandBuffer` is an unprotected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, any resource accessed by bound shaders must not be a protected resource

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-None-06550
  If a bound shader accesses a VkSampler or VkImageView object that enables sampler Y′CBCR conversion, that object must only be used with `OpImageSample*` or `OpImageSparseSample*` instructions

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-ConstOffset-06551
  If a bound shader accesses a VkSampler or VkImageView object that enables sampler Y′CBCR conversion, that object must not use the `ConstOffset` and `Offset` operands

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-viewType-07752
  If a VkImageView is accessed as a result of this command, then the image view’s `viewType` must match the `Dim` operand of the `OpTypeImage` as described in Compatibility Between SPIR-V Image Dimensions and Vulkan ImageView Types

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-format-07753
  If a VkImageView is accessed as a result of this command, then the numeric type of the image view’s `format` and the `Sampled` `Type` operand of the `OpTypeImage` must match

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-OpImageWrite-08795
  If a VkImageView created with a format other than `VK_FORMAT_A8_UNORM` is accessed using `OpImageWrite` as a result of this command, then the `Type` of the `Texel` operand of that instruction must have at least as many components as the image view’s format

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-OpImageWrite-08796
  If a VkImageView created with the format `VK_FORMAT_A8_UNORM` is accessed using `OpImageWrite` as a result of this command, then the `Type` of the `Texel` operand of that instruction must have four components

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-OpImageWrite-04469
  If a VkBufferView is accessed using `OpImageWrite` as a result of this command, then the `Type` of the `Texel` operand of that instruction must have at least as many components as the buffer view’s format

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-SampledType-04470
  If a VkImageView with a VkFormat that has a 64-bit component width is accessed as a result of this command, the `SampledType` of the `OpTypeImage` operand of that instruction must have a `Width` of 64

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-SampledType-04471
  If a VkImageView with a VkFormat that has a component width less than 64-bit is accessed as a result of this command, the `SampledType` of the `OpTypeImage` operand of that instruction must have a `Width` of 32

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-SampledType-04472
  If a VkBufferView with a VkFormat that has a 64-bit component width is accessed as a result of this command, the `SampledType` of the `OpTypeImage` operand of that instruction must have a `Width` of 64

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-SampledType-04473
  If a VkBufferView with a VkFormat that has a component width less than 64-bit is accessed as a result of this command, the `SampledType` of the `OpTypeImage` operand of that instruction must have a `Width` of 32

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-sparseImageInt64Atomics-04474
  If the `sparseImageInt64Atomics` feature is not enabled, VkImage objects created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT` flag must not be accessed by atomic instructions through an `OpTypeImage` with a `SampledType` with a `Width` of 64 by this command

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-sparseImageInt64Atomics-04475
  If the `sparseImageInt64Atomics` feature is not enabled, VkBuffer objects created with the `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT` flag must not be accessed by atomic instructions through an `OpTypeImage` with a `SampledType` with a `Width` of 64 by this command

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-OpImageWeightedSampleQCOM-06971
  If `OpImageWeightedSampleQCOM` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_WEIGHT_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT_QCOM`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-OpImageWeightedSampleQCOM-06972
  If `OpImageWeightedSampleQCOM` uses a VkImageView as a sample weight image as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_WEIGHT_IMAGE_BIT_QCOM`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-OpImageBoxFilterQCOM-06973
  If `OpImageBoxFilterQCOM` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_BOX_FILTER_SAMPLED_BIT_QCOM`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-OpImageBlockMatchSSDQCOM-06974
  If `OpImageBlockMatchSSDQCOM` is used to read from an VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_BLOCK_MATCHING_BIT_QCOM`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-OpImageBlockMatchSADQCOM-06975
  If `OpImageBlockMatchSADQCOM` is used to read from an VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_BLOCK_MATCHING_BIT_QCOM`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-OpImageBlockMatchSADQCOM-06976
  If `OpImageBlockMatchSADQCOM` or OpImageBlockMatchSSDQCOM is used to read from a reference image as result of this command, then the specified reference coordinates must not fail integer texel coordinate validation

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-OpImageWeightedSampleQCOM-06977
  If `OpImageWeightedSampleQCOM`, `OpImageBoxFilterQCOM`, `OpImageBlockMatchWindowSSDQCOM`, `OpImageBlockMatchWindowSADQCOM`, `OpImageBlockMatchGatherSSDQCOM`, `OpImageBlockMatchGatherSADQCOM`, `OpImageBlockMatchSSDQCOM`, or `OpImageBlockMatchSADQCOM` uses a VkSampler as a result of this command, then the sampler must have been created with `VK_SAMPLER_CREATE_IMAGE_PROCESSING_BIT_QCOM`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-OpImageWeightedSampleQCOM-06978
  If any command other than `OpImageWeightedSampleQCOM`, `OpImageBoxFilterQCOM`, `OpImageBlockMatchWindowSSDQCOM`, `OpImageBlockMatchWindowSADQCOM`, `OpImageBlockMatchGatherSSDQCOM`, `OpImageBlockMatchGatherSADQCOM`, `OpImageBlockMatchSSDQCOM`, or `OpImageBlockMatchSADQCOM` uses a VkSampler as a result of this command, then the sampler must not have been created with `VK_SAMPLER_CREATE_IMAGE_PROCESSING_BIT_QCOM`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-OpImageBlockMatchWindow-09215
  If a `OpImageBlockMatchWindow*QCOM` or `OpImageBlockMatchGather*QCOM` instruction is used to read from an VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_BLOCK_MATCHING_BIT_QCOM`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-OpImageBlockMatchWindow-09216
  If a `OpImageBlockMatchWindow*QCOM` or `OpImageBlockMatchGather*QCOM` instruction is used to read from an VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format must be a single-component format

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-OpImageBlockMatchWindow-09217
  If a `OpImageBlockMatchWindow*QCOM` or `OpImageBlockMatchGather*QCOM` read from a reference image as result of this command, then the specified reference coordinates must not fail integer texel coordinate validation

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-None-07288
  Any shader invocation executed by this command must terminate

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-None-09600
  If a descriptor with type equal to any of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLE_WEIGHT_IMAGE_QCOM`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_BLOCK_MATCH_IMAGE_QCOM`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE`, or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT` is accessed as a result of this command, the image subresource identified by that descriptor must be in the image layout identified when the descriptor was written

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-None-03429
  Any shader group handle referenced by this call must have been queried from the bound ray tracing pipeline

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-None-09458
  If the bound ray tracing pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_RAY_TRACING_PIPELINE_STACK_SIZE_KHR` dynamic state enabled then vkCmdSetRayTracingPipelineStackSizeKHR must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this trace command

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-maxPipelineRayRecursionDepth-03679
  This command must not cause a shader call instruction to be executed from a shader invocation with a recursion depth greater than the value of `maxPipelineRayRecursionDepth` used to create the bound ray tracing pipeline

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-commandBuffer-03635
  `commandBuffer` must not be a protected command buffer

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-indirectDeviceAddress-03632
  If the buffer from which `indirectDeviceAddress` was queried is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-indirectDeviceAddress-03633
  The buffer from which `indirectDeviceAddress` was queried must have been created with the `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDIRECT_BUFFER_BIT` bit set

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-indirectDeviceAddress-03634
  `indirectDeviceAddress` must be a multiple of `4`

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-indirectDeviceAddress-03636
  All device addresses between `indirectDeviceAddress` and `indirectDeviceAddress` + `sizeof`(`VkTraceRaysIndirectCommand2KHR`) - 1 must be in the buffer device address range of the same buffer

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-rayTracingPipelineTraceRaysIndirect2-03637
  The `rayTracingPipelineTraceRaysIndirect2` feature must be enabled

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-rayTracingMotionBlurPipelineTraceRaysIndirect-04951
  If the bound ray tracing pipeline was created with `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_RAY_TRACING_ALLOW_MOTION_BIT_NV` `VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingMotionBlurFeaturesNV`::`rayTracingMotionBlurPipelineTraceRaysIndirect` feature must be enabled

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support compute operations

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-renderpass
  This command must only be called outside of a render pass instance

- VUID-vkCmdTraceRaysIndirect2KHR-videocoding
  This command must only be called outside of a video coding scope

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Video Coding Scope | Supported Queue Types | Command Type
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Outside | Outside | Compute | Action

The `VkTraceRaysIndirectCommand2KHR` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_KHR_ray_tracing_maintenance1 with VK_KHR_ray_tracing_pipeline
    typedef struct VkTraceRaysIndirectCommand2KHR {
        VkDeviceAddress    raygenShaderRecordAddress;
        VkDeviceSize       raygenShaderRecordSize;
        VkDeviceAddress    missShaderBindingTableAddress;
        VkDeviceSize       missShaderBindingTableSize;
        VkDeviceSize       missShaderBindingTableStride;
        VkDeviceAddress    hitShaderBindingTableAddress;
        VkDeviceSize       hitShaderBindingTableSize;
        VkDeviceSize       hitShaderBindingTableStride;
        VkDeviceAddress    callableShaderBindingTableAddress;
        VkDeviceSize       callableShaderBindingTableSize;
        VkDeviceSize       callableShaderBindingTableStride;
        uint32_t           width;
        uint32_t           height;
        uint32_t           depth;
    } VkTraceRaysIndirectCommand2KHR;

- `raygenShaderRecordAddress` is a VkDeviceAddress of the ray generation shader binding table record used by this command.

- `raygenShaderRecordSize` is a VkDeviceSize number of bytes corresponding to the ray generation shader binding table record at base address `raygenShaderRecordAddress`.

- `missShaderBindingTableAddress` is a VkDeviceAddress of the first record in the miss shader binding table used by this command.

- `missShaderBindingTableSize` is a VkDeviceSize number of bytes corresponding to the total size of the miss shader binding table at `missShaderBindingTableAddress` that may be accessed by this command.

- `missShaderBindingTableStride` is a VkDeviceSize number of bytes between records of the miss shader binding table.

- `hitShaderBindingTableAddress` is a VkDeviceAddress of the first record in the hit shader binding table used by this command.

- `hitShaderBindingTableSize` is a VkDeviceSize number of bytes corresponding to the total size of the hit shader binding table at `hitShaderBindingTableAddress` that may be accessed by this command.

- `hitShaderBindingTableStride` is a VkDeviceSize number of bytes between records of the hit shader binding table.

- `callableShaderBindingTableAddress` is a VkDeviceAddress of the first record in the callable shader binding table used by this command.

- `callableShaderBindingTableSize` is a VkDeviceSize number of bytes corresponding to the total size of the callable shader binding table at `callableShaderBindingTableAddress` that may be accessed by this command.

- `callableShaderBindingTableStride` is a VkDeviceSize number of bytes between records of the callable shader binding table.

- `width` is the width of the ray trace query dimensions.

- `height` is height of the ray trace query dimensions.

- `depth` is depth of the ray trace query dimensions.

The members of `VkTraceRaysIndirectCommand2KHR` have the same meaning as the similarly named parameters of vkCmdTraceRaysKHR.

Indirect shader binding table buffer parameters must satisfy the same memory alignment and binding requirements as their counterparts in vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR and vkCmdTraceRaysKHR.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkTraceRaysIndirectCommand2KHR-pRayGenShaderBindingTable-03680
  If the buffer from which `raygenShaderRecordAddress` was queried is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-VkTraceRaysIndirectCommand2KHR-pRayGenShaderBindingTable-03681
  The buffer from which the `raygenShaderRecordAddress` is queried must have been created with the `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_BINDING_TABLE_BIT_KHR` usage flag

- VUID-VkTraceRaysIndirectCommand2KHR-pRayGenShaderBindingTable-03682
  `raygenShaderRecordAddress` must be a multiple of `VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPipelinePropertiesKHR`::`shaderGroupBaseAlignment`

- VUID-VkTraceRaysIndirectCommand2KHR-pMissShaderBindingTable-03683
  If the buffer from which `missShaderBindingTableAddress` was queried is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-VkTraceRaysIndirectCommand2KHR-pMissShaderBindingTable-03684
  The buffer from which the `missShaderBindingTableAddress` is queried must have been created with the `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_BINDING_TABLE_BIT_KHR` usage flag

- VUID-VkTraceRaysIndirectCommand2KHR-pMissShaderBindingTable-03685
  `missShaderBindingTableAddress` must be a multiple of `VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPipelinePropertiesKHR`::`shaderGroupBaseAlignment`

- VUID-VkTraceRaysIndirectCommand2KHR-stride-03686
  `missShaderBindingTableStride` must be a multiple of `VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPipelinePropertiesKHR`::`shaderGroupHandleAlignment`

- VUID-VkTraceRaysIndirectCommand2KHR-stride-04029
  `missShaderBindingTableStride` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPipelinePropertiesKHR`::`maxShaderGroupStride`

- VUID-VkTraceRaysIndirectCommand2KHR-pHitShaderBindingTable-03687
  If the buffer from which `hitShaderBindingTableAddress` was queried is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-VkTraceRaysIndirectCommand2KHR-pHitShaderBindingTable-03688
  The buffer from which the `hitShaderBindingTableAddress` is queried must have been created with the `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_BINDING_TABLE_BIT_KHR` usage flag

- VUID-VkTraceRaysIndirectCommand2KHR-pHitShaderBindingTable-03689
  `hitShaderBindingTableAddress` must be a multiple of `VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPipelinePropertiesKHR`::`shaderGroupBaseAlignment`

- VUID-VkTraceRaysIndirectCommand2KHR-stride-03690
  `hitShaderBindingTableStride` must be a multiple of `VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPipelinePropertiesKHR`::`shaderGroupHandleAlignment`

- VUID-VkTraceRaysIndirectCommand2KHR-stride-04035
  `hitShaderBindingTableStride` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPipelinePropertiesKHR`::`maxShaderGroupStride`

- VUID-VkTraceRaysIndirectCommand2KHR-pCallableShaderBindingTable-03691
  If the buffer from which `callableShaderBindingTableAddress` was queried is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-VkTraceRaysIndirectCommand2KHR-pCallableShaderBindingTable-03692
  The buffer from which the `callableShaderBindingTableAddress` is queried must have been created with the `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_BINDING_TABLE_BIT_KHR` usage flag

- VUID-VkTraceRaysIndirectCommand2KHR-pCallableShaderBindingTable-03693
  `callableShaderBindingTableAddress` must be a multiple of `VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPipelinePropertiesKHR`::`shaderGroupBaseAlignment`

- VUID-VkTraceRaysIndirectCommand2KHR-stride-03694
  `callableShaderBindingTableStride` must be a multiple of `VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPipelinePropertiesKHR`::`shaderGroupHandleAlignment`

- VUID-VkTraceRaysIndirectCommand2KHR-stride-04041
  `callableShaderBindingTableStride` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPipelinePropertiesKHR`::`maxShaderGroupStride`

- VUID-VkTraceRaysIndirectCommand2KHR-flags-03696
  If the bound ray tracing pipeline was created with `flags` that included `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_RAY_TRACING_NO_NULL_CLOSEST_HIT_SHADERS_BIT_KHR`, `hitShaderBindingTableAddress` must not be zero

- VUID-VkTraceRaysIndirectCommand2KHR-flags-03697
  If the bound ray tracing pipeline was created with `flags` that included `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_RAY_TRACING_NO_NULL_INTERSECTION_SHADERS_BIT_KHR`, `hitShaderBindingTableAddress` must not be zero

- VUID-VkTraceRaysIndirectCommand2KHR-flags-03511
  If the bound ray tracing pipeline was created with `flags` that included `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_RAY_TRACING_NO_NULL_MISS_SHADERS_BIT_KHR`, the shader group handle identified by `missShaderBindingTableAddress` must not be zero

- VUID-VkTraceRaysIndirectCommand2KHR-flags-03512
  If the bound ray tracing pipeline was created with `flags` that included `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_RAY_TRACING_NO_NULL_ANY_HIT_SHADERS_BIT_KHR`, entries in the table identified by `hitShaderBindingTableAddress` accessed as a result of this command in order to execute an any-hit shader must not be zero

- VUID-VkTraceRaysIndirectCommand2KHR-flags-03513
  If the bound ray tracing pipeline was created with `flags` that included `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_RAY_TRACING_NO_NULL_CLOSEST_HIT_SHADERS_BIT_KHR`, entries in the table identified by `hitShaderBindingTableAddress` accessed as a result of this command in order to execute a closest hit shader must not be zero

- VUID-VkTraceRaysIndirectCommand2KHR-flags-03514
  If the bound ray tracing pipeline was created with `flags` that included `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_RAY_TRACING_NO_NULL_INTERSECTION_SHADERS_BIT_KHR`, entries in the table identified by `hitShaderBindingTableAddress` accessed as a result of this command in order to execute an intersection shader must not be zero

- VUID-VkTraceRaysIndirectCommand2KHR-pHitShaderBindingTable-04735
  Any non-zero hit shader group entries in the table identified by `hitShaderBindingTableAddress` accessed by this call from a geometry with a `geometryType` of `VK_GEOMETRY_TYPE_TRIANGLES_KHR` must have been created with `VK_RAY_TRACING_SHADER_GROUP_TYPE_TRIANGLES_HIT_GROUP_KHR`

- VUID-VkTraceRaysIndirectCommand2KHR-pHitShaderBindingTable-04736
  Any non-zero hit shader group entries in the table identified by `hitShaderBindingTableAddress` accessed by this call from a geometry with a `geometryType` of `VK_GEOMETRY_TYPE_AABBS_KHR` must have been created with `VK_RAY_TRACING_SHADER_GROUP_TYPE_PROCEDURAL_HIT_GROUP_KHR`

- VUID-VkTraceRaysIndirectCommand2KHR-width-03638
  `width` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxComputeWorkGroupCount`[0] × `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxComputeWorkGroupSize`[0]

- VUID-VkTraceRaysIndirectCommand2KHR-height-03639
  `height` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxComputeWorkGroupCount`[1] × `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxComputeWorkGroupSize`[1]

- VUID-VkTraceRaysIndirectCommand2KHR-depth-03640
  `depth` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxComputeWorkGroupCount`[2] × `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxComputeWorkGroupSize`[2]

- VUID-VkTraceRaysIndirectCommand2KHR-width-03641
  `width` × `height` × `depth` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPipelinePropertiesKHR`::`maxRayDispatchInvocationCount`

### 40.3. Shader Binding Table

A shader binding table is a resource which establishes the relationship between the ray tracing pipeline and the acceleration structures that were built for the ray tracing pipeline. It indicates the shaders that operate on each geometry in an acceleration structure. In addition, it contains the resources accessed by each shader, including indices of textures, buffer device addresses, and constants. The application allocates and manages shader binding tables as VkBuffer objects.

Each entry in the shader binding table consists of `shaderGroupHandleSize` bytes of data, either as queried by vkGetRayTracingShaderGroupHandlesKHR to refer to those specified shaders, or all zeros to refer to a zero shader group. A zero shader group behaves as though it is a shader group consisting entirely of `VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR`. The remainder of the data specified by the stride is application-visible data that can be referenced by a `ShaderRecordBufferKHR` block in the shader.

The shader binding tables to use in a ray tracing pipeline are passed to the vkCmdTraceRaysNV , vkCmdTraceRaysKHR, or vkCmdTraceRaysIndirectKHR commands. Shader binding tables are read-only in shaders that are executing on the ray tracing pipeline.

Shader variables identified with the `ShaderRecordBufferKHR` storage class are used to access the provided shader binding table. Such variables must be:

- typed as `OpTypeStruct`, or an array of this type,

- identified with a `Block` decoration, and

- laid out explicitly using the `Offset`, `ArrayStride`, and `MatrixStride` decorations as specified in Offset and Stride Assignment.

The `Offset` decoration for any member of a `Block`-decorated variable in the `ShaderRecordBufferKHR` storage class must not cause the space required for that variable to extend outside the range [0, `maxStorageBufferRange`).

Accesses to the shader binding table from ray tracing pipelines must be synchronized with the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_RAY_TRACING_SHADER_BIT_KHR` pipeline stage and an access type of `VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT`.

Note | Because different shader record buffers can be associated with the same shader, a shader variable with `ShaderRecordBufferKHR` storage class will not be dynamically uniform if different invocations of the same shader can reference different data in the shader record buffer, such as if the same shader occurs twice in the shader binding table with a different shader record buffer. In this case, indexing resources based on values in the `ShaderRecordBufferKHR` storage class, the index should be decorated as `NonUniform`.

#### 40.3.1. Indexing Rules

In order to execute the correct shaders and access the correct resources during a ray tracing dispatch, the implementation must be able to locate shader binding table entries at various stages of execution. This is accomplished by defining a set of indexing rules that compute shader binding table record positions relative to the buffer’s base address in memory. The application must organize the contents of the shader binding table’s memory in a way that application of the indexing rules will lead to correct records.

##### Ray Generation Shaders

Only one ray generation shader is executed per ray tracing dispatch.

For vkCmdTraceRaysKHR, the location of the ray generation shader is specified by the `pRaygenShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress` parameter — there is no indexing. All data accessed must be less than `pRaygenShaderBindingTable->size` bytes from `deviceAddress`. `pRaygenShaderBindingTable->stride` is unused, and must be equal to `pRaygenShaderBindingTable->size`.

For vkCmdTraceRaysNV, the location of the ray generation shader is specified by the `raygenShaderBindingTableBuffer` and `raygenShaderBindingOffset` parameters — there is no indexing.

##### Hit Shaders

The base for the computation of intersection, any-hit, and closest hit shader locations is the `instanceShaderBindingTableRecordOffset` value stored with each instance of a top-level acceleration structure (VkAccelerationStructureInstanceKHR). This value determines the beginning of the shader binding table records for a given instance.

In the following rule, `geometryIndex` refers to the geometry index of the intersected geometry within the instance.

The `sbtRecordOffset` and `sbtRecordStride` values are passed in as parameters to `traceNV`() or `traceRayEXT`() calls made in the shaders. See Section 8.19 (Ray Tracing Functions) of the OpenGL Shading Language Specification for more details. In SPIR-V, these correspond to the `SBTOffset` and `SBTStride` parameters to the pipeline trace ray instructions.

The result of this computation is then added to `pHitShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress`, a device address passed to vkCmdTraceRaysKHR , or `hitShaderBindingOffset`, a base offset passed to vkCmdTraceRaysNV .

For vkCmdTraceRaysKHR, the complete rule to compute a hit shader binding table record address in the `pHitShaderBindingTable` is:

  `pHitShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress` + `pHitShaderBindingTable->stride` × ( `instanceShaderBindingTableRecordOffset` + `geometryIndex` × `sbtRecordStride` + `sbtRecordOffset` )

All data accessed must be less than `pHitShaderBindingTable->size` bytes from the base address.

For vkCmdTraceRaysNV, the offset and stride come from direct parameters, so the full rule to compute a hit shader binding table record address in the `hitShaderBindingTableBuffer` is:

  `hitShaderBindingOffset` + `hitShaderBindingStride` × ( `instanceShaderBindingTableRecordOffset` + `geometryIndex` × `sbtRecordStride` + `sbtRecordOffset` )

##### Miss Shaders

A miss shader is executed whenever a ray query fails to find an intersection for the given scene geometry. Multiple miss shaders may be executed throughout a ray tracing dispatch.

The base for the computation of miss shader locations is `pMissShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress`, a device address passed into vkCmdTraceRaysKHR , or `missShaderBindingOffset`, a base offset passed into vkCmdTraceRaysNV .

The `missIndex` value is passed in as a parameter to `traceNV`() or `traceRayEXT`() calls made in the shaders. See Section 8.19 (Ray Tracing Functions) of the OpenGL Shading Language Specification for more details. In SPIR-V, this corresponds to the `MissIndex` parameter to the pipeline trace ray instructions.

For vkCmdTraceRaysKHR, the complete rule to compute a miss shader binding table record address in the `pMissShaderBindingTable` is:

  `pMissShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress` + `pMissShaderBindingTable->stride` × `missIndex`

All data accessed must be less than `pMissShaderBindingTable->size` bytes from the base address.

For vkCmdTraceRaysNV, the offset and stride come from direct parameters, so the full rule to compute a miss shader binding table record address in the `missShaderBindingTableBuffer` is:

  `missShaderBindingOffset` + `missShaderBindingStride` × `missIndex`

##### Callable Shaders

A callable shader is executed when requested by a ray tracing shader. Multiple callable shaders may be executed throughout a ray tracing dispatch.

The base for the computation of callable shader locations is `pCallableShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress`, a device address passed into vkCmdTraceRaysKHR , or `callableShaderBindingOffset`, a base offset passed into vkCmdTraceRaysNV .

The `sbtRecordIndex` value is passed in as a parameter to `executeCallableNV`() or `executeCallableEXT`() calls made in the shaders. See Section 8.19 (Ray Tracing Functions) of the OpenGL Shading Language Specification for more details. In SPIR-V, this corresponds to the `SBTIndex` parameter to the `OpExecuteCallableNV` or `OpExecuteCallableKHR` instruction.

For vkCmdTraceRaysKHR, the complete rule to compute a callable shader binding table record address in the `pCallableShaderBindingTable` is:

  `pCallableShaderBindingTable->deviceAddress` + `pCallableShaderBindingTable->stride` × `sbtRecordIndex`

All data accessed must be less than `pCallableShaderBindingTable->size` bytes from the base address.

For vkCmdTraceRaysNV, the offset and stride come from direct parameters, so the full rule to compute a callable shader binding table record address in the `callableShaderBindingTableBuffer` is:

  `callableShaderBindingOffset` + `callableShaderBindingStride` × `sbtRecordIndex`

### 40.4. Ray Tracing Pipeline Stack

Ray tracing pipelines have a potentially large set of shaders which may be invoked in various call chain combinations to perform ray tracing. To store parameters for a given shader execution, an implementation may use a stack of data in memory. This stack must be sized to the sum of the stack sizes of all shaders in any call chain executed by the application.

If the stack size is not set explicitly, the stack size for a pipeline is:

  rayGenStackMax + min(1, `maxPipelineRayRecursionDepth`) × max(closestHitStackMax, missStackMax, intersectionStackMax + anyHitStackMax) + max(0, `maxPipelineRayRecursionDepth`-1) × max(closestHitStackMax, missStackMax) + 2 × callableStackMax

where rayGenStackMax, closestHitStackMax, missStackMax, anyHitStackMax, intersectionStackMax, and callableStackMax are the maximum stack values queried by the respective shader stages for any shaders in any shader groups defined by the pipeline.

This stack size is potentially significant, so an application may want to provide a more accurate stack size after pipeline compilation. The value that the application provides is the maximum value of the sum of all shaders in a call chain across all possible call chains, taking into account any application specific knowledge about the properties of the call chains.

Note | For example, if an application has two types of closest hit and miss shaders that it can use but the first level of rays will only use the first kind (possibly reflection) and the second level will only use the second kind (occlusion or shadow ray, for example) then the application can compute the stack size by something similar to: `rayGenStack` + max(`closestHit1Stack`, `miss1Stack`) + max(`closestHit2Stack`, `miss2Stack`) This is guaranteed to be no larger than the default stack size computation which assumes that both call levels may be the larger of the two.

### 40.5. Ray Tracing Capture Replay

In a similar way to bufferDeviceAddressCaptureReplay, the `rayTracingPipelineShaderGroupHandleCaptureReplay` feature allows the querying of opaque data which can be used in a future replay.

During the capture phase, capture/replay tools are expected to query opaque data for shader group handle replay using vkGetRayTracingCaptureReplayShaderGroupHandlesKHR.

Providing the opaque data during replay, using VkRayTracingShaderGroupCreateInfoKHR::`pShaderGroupCaptureReplayHandle` at pipeline creation time, causes the implementation to generate identical shader group handles to those in the capture phase, allowing capture/replay tools to reuse previously recorded shader binding table buffer contents or to obtain the same handles by calling vkGetRayTracingCaptureReplayShaderGroupHandlesKHR again.

### 40.6. Ray Tracing Validation

Ray tracing validation can help root cause application issues and improve performance. Unlike existing validation layers, ray tracing validation performs checks at an implementation level, which helps identify potential problems that may not be caught by the layer.

By enabling the ray tracing validation feature, warnings and errors can be delivered straight from a ray tracing implementation to the application through a messenger callback registered with the implementation, where they can be processed through existing application-side debugging or logging systems.