Struct std::path::Path 1.0.0[−][src]
pub struct Path { /* fields omitted */ }Expand description
A slice of a path (akin to str).
This type supports a number of operations for inspecting a path, including
breaking the path into its components (separated by / on Unix and by either
/ or \ on Windows), extracting the file name, determining whether the path
is absolute, and so on.
This is an unsized type, meaning that it must always be used behind a
pointer like & or Box. For an owned version of this type,
see PathBuf.
More details about the overall approach can be found in the module documentation.
Examples
use std::path::Path;
use std::ffi::OsStr;
// Note: this example does work on Windows
let path = Path::new("./foo/bar.txt");
let parent = path.parent();
assert_eq!(parent, Some(Path::new("./foo")));
let file_stem = path.file_stem();
assert_eq!(file_stem, Some(OsStr::new("bar")));
let extension = path.extension();
assert_eq!(extension, Some(OsStr::new("txt")));RunImplementations
Directly wraps a string slice as a Path slice.
This is a cost-free conversion.
Examples
use std::path::Path;
Path::new("foo.txt");RunYou can create Paths from Strings, or even other Paths:
use std::path::Path;
let string = String::from("foo.txt");
let from_string = Path::new(&string);
let from_path = Path::new(&from_string);
assert_eq!(from_string, from_path);RunYields a &str slice if the Path is valid unicode.
This conversion may entail doing a check for UTF-8 validity. Note that validation is performed because non-UTF-8 strings are perfectly valid for some OS.
Examples
use std::path::Path;
let path = Path::new("foo.txt");
assert_eq!(path.to_str(), Some("foo.txt"));RunConverts a Path to a Cow<str>.
Any non-Unicode sequences are replaced with
U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER.
Examples
Calling to_string_lossy on a Path with valid unicode:
use std::path::Path;
let path = Path::new("foo.txt");
assert_eq!(path.to_string_lossy(), "foo.txt");RunHad path contained invalid unicode, the to_string_lossy call might
have returned "fo�.txt".
Returns true if the Path is absolute, i.e., if it is independent of
the current directory.
-
On Unix, a path is absolute if it starts with the root, so
is_absoluteandhas_rootare equivalent. -
On Windows, a path is absolute if it has a prefix and starts with the root:
c:\windowsis absolute, whilec:tempand\tempare not.
Examples
use std::path::Path;
assert!(!Path::new("foo.txt").is_absolute());RunReturns true if the Path is relative, i.e., not absolute.
See is_absolute’s documentation for more details.
Examples
use std::path::Path;
assert!(Path::new("foo.txt").is_relative());RunReturns true if the Path has a root.
-
On Unix, a path has a root if it begins with
/. -
On Windows, a path has a root if it:
- has no prefix and begins with a separator, e.g.,
\windows - has a prefix followed by a separator, e.g.,
c:\windowsbut notc:windows - has any non-disk prefix, e.g.,
\\server\share
- has no prefix and begins with a separator, e.g.,
Examples
use std::path::Path;
assert!(Path::new("/etc/passwd").has_root());RunReturns the Path without its final component, if there is one.
Returns None if the path terminates in a root or prefix.
Examples
use std::path::Path;
let path = Path::new("/foo/bar");
let parent = path.parent().unwrap();
assert_eq!(parent, Path::new("/foo"));
let grand_parent = parent.parent().unwrap();
assert_eq!(grand_parent, Path::new("/"));
assert_eq!(grand_parent.parent(), None);RunProduces an iterator over Path and its ancestors.
The iterator will yield the Path that is returned if the parent method is used zero
or more times. That means, the iterator will yield &self, &self.parent().unwrap(),
&self.parent().unwrap().parent().unwrap() and so on. If the parent method returns
None, the iterator will do likewise. The iterator will always yield at least one value,
namely &self.
Examples
use std::path::Path;
let mut ancestors = Path::new("/foo/bar").ancestors();
assert_eq!(ancestors.next(), Some(Path::new("/foo/bar")));
assert_eq!(ancestors.next(), Some(Path::new("/foo")));
assert_eq!(ancestors.next(), Some(Path::new("/")));
assert_eq!(ancestors.next(), None);
let mut ancestors = Path::new("../foo/bar").ancestors();
assert_eq!(ancestors.next(), Some(Path::new("../foo/bar")));
assert_eq!(ancestors.next(), Some(Path::new("../foo")));
assert_eq!(ancestors.next(), Some(Path::new("..")));
assert_eq!(ancestors.next(), Some(Path::new("")));
assert_eq!(ancestors.next(), None);RunReturns the final component of the Path, if there is one.
If the path is a normal file, this is the file name. If it’s the path of a directory, this is the directory name.
Returns None if the path terminates in ...
Examples
use std::path::Path;
use std::ffi::OsStr;
assert_eq!(Some(OsStr::new("bin")), Path::new("/usr/bin/").file_name());
assert_eq!(Some(OsStr::new("foo.txt")), Path::new("tmp/foo.txt").file_name());
assert_eq!(Some(OsStr::new("foo.txt")), Path::new("foo.txt/.").file_name());
assert_eq!(Some(OsStr::new("foo.txt")), Path::new("foo.txt/.//").file_name());
assert_eq!(None, Path::new("foo.txt/..").file_name());
assert_eq!(None, Path::new("/").file_name());Run1.7.0[src]pub fn strip_prefix<P>(&self, base: P) -> Result<&Path, StripPrefixError> where
P: AsRef<Path>,
pub fn strip_prefix<P>(&self, base: P) -> Result<&Path, StripPrefixError> where
P: AsRef<Path>,
Returns a path that, when joined onto base, yields self.
Errors
If base is not a prefix of self (i.e., starts_with
returns false), returns Err.
Examples
use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
let path = Path::new("/test/haha/foo.txt");
assert_eq!(path.strip_prefix("/"), Ok(Path::new("test/haha/foo.txt")));
assert_eq!(path.strip_prefix("/test"), Ok(Path::new("haha/foo.txt")));
assert_eq!(path.strip_prefix("/test/"), Ok(Path::new("haha/foo.txt")));
assert_eq!(path.strip_prefix("/test/haha/foo.txt"), Ok(Path::new("")));
assert_eq!(path.strip_prefix("/test/haha/foo.txt/"), Ok(Path::new("")));
assert!(path.strip_prefix("test").is_err());
assert!(path.strip_prefix("/haha").is_err());
let prefix = PathBuf::from("/test/");
assert_eq!(path.strip_prefix(prefix), Ok(Path::new("haha/foo.txt")));RunDetermines whether base is a prefix of self.
Only considers whole path components to match.
Examples
use std::path::Path;
let path = Path::new("/etc/passwd");
assert!(path.starts_with("/etc"));
assert!(path.starts_with("/etc/"));
assert!(path.starts_with("/etc/passwd"));
assert!(path.starts_with("/etc/passwd/")); // extra slash is okay
assert!(path.starts_with("/etc/passwd///")); // multiple extra slashes are okay
assert!(!path.starts_with("/e"));
assert!(!path.starts_with("/etc/passwd.txt"));
assert!(!Path::new("/etc/foo.rs").starts_with("/etc/foo"));RunDetermines whether child is a suffix of self.
Only considers whole path components to match.
Examples
use std::path::Path;
let path = Path::new("/etc/resolv.conf");
assert!(path.ends_with("resolv.conf"));
assert!(path.ends_with("etc/resolv.conf"));
assert!(path.ends_with("/etc/resolv.conf"));
assert!(!path.ends_with("/resolv.conf"));
assert!(!path.ends_with("conf")); // use .extension() insteadRunExtracts the stem (non-extension) portion of self.file_name.
The stem is:
None, if there is no file name;- The entire file name if there is no embedded
.; - The entire file name if the file name begins with
.and has no other.s within; - Otherwise, the portion of the file name before the final
.
Examples
use std::path::Path;
assert_eq!("foo", Path::new("foo.rs").file_stem().unwrap());
assert_eq!("foo.tar", Path::new("foo.tar.gz").file_stem().unwrap());RunSee Also
This method is similar to Path::file_prefix, which extracts the portion of the file name
before the first .
Extracts the prefix of self.file_name.
The prefix is:
None, if there is no file name;- The entire file name if there is no embedded
.; - The portion of the file name before the first non-beginning
.; - The entire file name if the file name begins with
.and has no other.s within; - The portion of the file name before the second
.if the file name begins with.
Examples
use std::path::Path;
assert_eq!("foo", Path::new("foo.rs").file_prefix().unwrap());
assert_eq!("foo", Path::new("foo.tar.gz").file_prefix().unwrap());RunSee Also
This method is similar to Path::file_stem, which extracts the portion of the file name
before the last .
Extracts the extension of self.file_name, if possible.
The extension is:
None, if there is no file name;None, if there is no embedded.;None, if the file name begins with.and has no other.s within;- Otherwise, the portion of the file name after the final
.
Examples
use std::path::Path;
assert_eq!("rs", Path::new("foo.rs").extension().unwrap());
assert_eq!("gz", Path::new("foo.tar.gz").extension().unwrap());RunCreates an owned PathBuf with path adjoined to self.
See PathBuf::push for more details on what it means to adjoin a path.
Examples
use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
assert_eq!(Path::new("/etc").join("passwd"), PathBuf::from("/etc/passwd"));RunCreates an owned PathBuf like self but with the given file name.
See PathBuf::set_file_name for more details.
Examples
use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
let path = Path::new("/tmp/foo.txt");
assert_eq!(path.with_file_name("bar.txt"), PathBuf::from("/tmp/bar.txt"));
let path = Path::new("/tmp");
assert_eq!(path.with_file_name("var"), PathBuf::from("/var"));RunCreates an owned PathBuf like self but with the given extension.
See PathBuf::set_extension for more details.
Examples
use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
let path = Path::new("foo.rs");
assert_eq!(path.with_extension("txt"), PathBuf::from("foo.txt"));
let path = Path::new("foo.tar.gz");
assert_eq!(path.with_extension(""), PathBuf::from("foo.tar"));
assert_eq!(path.with_extension("xz"), PathBuf::from("foo.tar.xz"));
assert_eq!(path.with_extension("").with_extension("txt"), PathBuf::from("foo.txt"));Runpub fn components(&self) -> Components<'_>ⓘNotable traits for Components<'a>impl<'a> Iterator for Components<'a> type Item = Component<'a>;
pub fn components(&self) -> Components<'_>ⓘNotable traits for Components<'a>impl<'a> Iterator for Components<'a> type Item = Component<'a>;
impl<'a> Iterator for Components<'a> type Item = Component<'a>;Produces an iterator over the Components of the path.
When parsing the path, there is a small amount of normalization:
-
Repeated separators are ignored, so
a/banda//bboth haveaandbas components. -
Occurrences of
.are normalized away, except if they are at the beginning of the path. For example,a/./b,a/b/,a/b/.anda/ball haveaandbas components, but./a/bstarts with an additionalCurDircomponent. -
A trailing slash is normalized away,
/a/band/a/b/are equivalent.
Note that no other normalization takes place; in particular, a/c
and a/b/../c are distinct, to account for the possibility that b
is a symbolic link (so its parent isn’t a).
Examples
use std::path::{Path, Component};
use std::ffi::OsStr;
let mut components = Path::new("/tmp/foo.txt").components();
assert_eq!(components.next(), Some(Component::RootDir));
assert_eq!(components.next(), Some(Component::Normal(OsStr::new("tmp"))));
assert_eq!(components.next(), Some(Component::Normal(OsStr::new("foo.txt"))));
assert_eq!(components.next(), None)RunProduces an iterator over the path’s components viewed as OsStr
slices.
For more information about the particulars of how the path is separated
into components, see components.
Examples
use std::path::{self, Path};
use std::ffi::OsStr;
let mut it = Path::new("/tmp/foo.txt").iter();
assert_eq!(it.next(), Some(OsStr::new(&path::MAIN_SEPARATOR.to_string())));
assert_eq!(it.next(), Some(OsStr::new("tmp")));
assert_eq!(it.next(), Some(OsStr::new("foo.txt")));
assert_eq!(it.next(), None)RunReturns an object that implements Display for safely printing paths
that may contain non-Unicode data. This may perform lossy conversion,
depending on the platform. If you would like an implementation which
escapes the path please use Debug instead.
Examples
use std::path::Path;
let path = Path::new("/tmp/foo.rs");
println!("{}", path.display());RunQueries the file system to get information about a file, directory, etc.
This function will traverse symbolic links to query information about the destination file.
This is an alias to fs::metadata.
Examples
use std::path::Path;
let path = Path::new("/Minas/tirith");
let metadata = path.metadata().expect("metadata call failed");
println!("{:?}", metadata.file_type());RunQueries the metadata about a file without following symlinks.
This is an alias to fs::symlink_metadata.
Examples
use std::path::Path;
let path = Path::new("/Minas/tirith");
let metadata = path.symlink_metadata().expect("symlink_metadata call failed");
println!("{:?}", metadata.file_type());RunReturns the canonical, absolute form of the path with all intermediate components normalized and symbolic links resolved.
This is an alias to fs::canonicalize.
Examples
use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
let path = Path::new("/foo/test/../test/bar.rs");
assert_eq!(path.canonicalize().unwrap(), PathBuf::from("/foo/test/bar.rs"));RunReads a symbolic link, returning the file that the link points to.
This is an alias to fs::read_link.
Examples
use std::path::Path;
let path = Path::new("/laputa/sky_castle.rs");
let path_link = path.read_link().expect("read_link call failed");RunReturns an iterator over the entries within a directory.
The iterator will yield instances of io::Result<fs::DirEntry>. New
errors may be encountered after an iterator is initially constructed.
This is an alias to fs::read_dir.
Examples
use std::path::Path;
let path = Path::new("/laputa");
for entry in path.read_dir().expect("read_dir call failed") {
if let Ok(entry) = entry {
println!("{:?}", entry.path());
}
}RunReturns true if the path points at an existing entity.
This function will traverse symbolic links to query information about the destination file.
If you cannot access the metadata of the file, e.g. because of a
permission error or broken symbolic links, this will return false.
Examples
use std::path::Path;
assert!(!Path::new("does_not_exist.txt").exists());RunSee Also
This is a convenience function that coerces errors to false. If you want to
check errors, call fs::metadata.
Returns Ok(true) if the path points at an existing entity.
This function will traverse symbolic links to query information about the
destination file. In case of broken symbolic links this will return Ok(false).
As opposed to the exists() method, this one doesn’t silently ignore errors
unrelated to the path not existing. (E.g. it will return Err(_) in case of permission
denied on some of the parent directories.)
Examples
#![feature(path_try_exists)]
use std::path::Path;
assert!(!Path::new("does_not_exist.txt").try_exists().expect("Can't check existence of file does_not_exist.txt"));
assert!(Path::new("/root/secret_file.txt").try_exists().is_err());RunReturns true if the path exists on disk and is pointing at a regular file.
This function will traverse symbolic links to query information about the destination file.
If you cannot access the metadata of the file, e.g. because of a
permission error or broken symbolic links, this will return false.
Examples
use std::path::Path;
assert_eq!(Path::new("./is_a_directory/").is_file(), false);
assert_eq!(Path::new("a_file.txt").is_file(), true);RunSee Also
This is a convenience function that coerces errors to false. If you want to
check errors, call fs::metadata and handle its Result. Then call
fs::Metadata::is_file if it was Ok.
When the goal is simply to read from (or write to) the source, the most
reliable way to test the source can be read (or written to) is to open
it. Only using is_file can break workflows like diff <( prog_a ) on
a Unix-like system for example. See fs::File::open or
fs::OpenOptions::open for more information.
Returns true if the path exists on disk and is pointing at a directory.
This function will traverse symbolic links to query information about the destination file.
If you cannot access the metadata of the file, e.g. because of a
permission error or broken symbolic links, this will return false.
Examples
use std::path::Path;
assert_eq!(Path::new("./is_a_directory/").is_dir(), true);
assert_eq!(Path::new("a_file.txt").is_dir(), false);RunSee Also
This is a convenience function that coerces errors to false. If you want to
check errors, call fs::metadata and handle its Result. Then call
fs::Metadata::is_dir if it was Ok.
Returns true if the path exists on disk and is pointing at a symbolic link.
This function will not traverse symbolic links. In case of a broken symbolic link this will also return true.
If you cannot access the directory containing the file, e.g., because of a permission error, this will return false.
Examples
#![feature(is_symlink)]
use std::path::Path;
use std::os::unix::fs::symlink;
let link_path = Path::new("link");
symlink("/origin_does_not_exists/", link_path).unwrap();
assert_eq!(link_path.is_symlink(), true);
assert_eq!(link_path.exists(), false);RunTrait Implementations
fn from(path: &Path) -> Box<Path>ⓘNotable traits for Box<F, A>impl<F, A> Future for Box<F, A> where
F: Future + Unpin + ?Sized,
A: Allocator + 'static, type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<I, A> Iterator for Box<I, A> where
I: Iterator + ?Sized,
A: Allocator, type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;impl<R: Read + ?Sized> Read for Box<R>impl<W: Write + ?Sized> Write for Box<W>
fn from(path: &Path) -> Box<Path>ⓘNotable traits for Box<F, A>impl<F, A> Future for Box<F, A> where
F: Future + Unpin + ?Sized,
A: Allocator + 'static, type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<I, A> Iterator for Box<I, A> where
I: Iterator + ?Sized,
A: Allocator, type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;impl<R: Read + ?Sized> Read for Box<R>impl<W: Write + ?Sized> Write for Box<W>
impl<F, A> Future for Box<F, A> where
F: Future + Unpin + ?Sized,
A: Allocator + 'static, type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<I, A> Iterator for Box<I, A> where
I: Iterator + ?Sized,
A: Allocator, type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;impl<R: Read + ?Sized> Read for Box<R>impl<W: Write + ?Sized> Write for Box<W>Creates a boxed Path from a reference.
This will allocate and clone path to it.
This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists. Read more
This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator. Read more
This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <=
operator. Read more
This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator. Read more
This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists. Read more
This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator. Read more
This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <=
operator. Read more
This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator. Read more
This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists. Read more
This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator. Read more
This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <=
operator. Read more
This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator. Read more
This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists. Read more
This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator. Read more
This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <=
operator. Read more
This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator. Read more
This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists. Read more
This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator. Read more
This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <=
operator. Read more
This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator. Read more
This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists. Read more
This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator. Read more
This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <=
operator. Read more
This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator. Read more
This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists. Read more
This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator. Read more
This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <=
operator. Read more
This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator. Read more
This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists. Read more
This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator. Read more
This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <=
operator. Read more
This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator. Read more
This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists. Read more
This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator. Read more
This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <=
operator. Read more
This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator. Read more
This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists. Read more
This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator. Read more
This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <=
operator. Read more
This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator. Read more
This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists. Read more
This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator. Read more
This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <=
operator. Read more
This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator. Read more
This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists. Read more
This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator. Read more
This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <=
operator. Read more
This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator. Read more
This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists. Read more
This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator. Read more
This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <=
operator. Read more
This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator. Read more
This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists. Read more
This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator. Read more
This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <=
operator. Read more
This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator. Read more
This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists. Read more
This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator. Read more
This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <=
operator. Read more
This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator. Read more
This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists. Read more
This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator. Read more
This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <=
operator. Read more
This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator. Read more
This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists. Read more
This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator. Read more
This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <=
operator. Read more
This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator. Read more
This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists. Read more
This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator. Read more
This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <=
operator. Read more
This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator. Read more
This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists. Read more
This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator. Read more
This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <=
operator. Read more
This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator. Read more
This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists. Read more
This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator. Read more
This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <=
operator. Read more
This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator. Read more
This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists. Read more
This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator. Read more
This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <=
operator. Read more
This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator. Read more
This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists. Read more
This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator. Read more
This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <=
operator. Read more
This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator. Read more
This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists. Read more
This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator. Read more
This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <=
operator. Read more
This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator. Read more