\documentclass{article} \usepackage{zmtmjn,makor2} \def\GENVOWEL#1{} \begin{document}\thispagestyle{empty} \[laukhaen chakoo-liy n''um-ydwd l'yOm qoomiy lau`ad kiy mish^'pau.tiy l|e':e.sof gOyim l'qauv'tsiy mam'laukhOs lish^'pokh' `:alaeyhem za`'miy kol ch:arOn 'apiy kiy b''eish^ qin''ausiy t|"'+khael k+l-h+'|+rets.\] \noindent\[laukhaen chakoo-liy n''um-ydwd l'yOm qoomiy lau`ad kiy mish^'pau.tiy l|e':e.sof gOyim l'qauv'tsiy mam'laukhOs lish^'pokh' `:alaeyhem za`'miy kol ch:arOn 'apiy kiy b''eish^ qin''ausiy t|"'+khael k+l-h+'|+rets.\HPAR\] \[\HINDENT laukhaen chakoo-liy n''um-ydwd l'yOm qoomiy lau`ad kiy mish^'pau.tiy l|e':e.sof gOyim l'qauv'tsiy mam'laukhOs lish^'pokh' `:alaeyhem za`'miy kol ch:arOn 'apiy kiy b''eish^ qin''ausiy t|"'+khael k+l-h+'|+rets.\HPAR\] \noindent\[laukhaen chakoo-liy n''um-ydwd l'yOm qoomiy lau`ad kiy mish^'pau.tiy l|e':e.sof gOyim l'qauv'tsiy mam'laukhOs lish^'pokh' `:alaeyhem za`'miy kol ch:arOn 'apiy kiy b''eish^ qin''ausiy t|"'+khael k+l-h+'|+rets.\CENTERLASTLINE\] This is a test. This is a test. This is a test. This is a test. This is a test. This is a test. This is a test. This is a test. This is a test. This is a test. This is a test. \['vgdhwzch.ty. 'vgdhwzch.ty. 'vgdhwzch.ty. 'vgdhwzch.ty. 'vgdhwzch.ty.\CENTERLASTLINE\] \end{document} \def\=#1{\setbox0=\hbox{=}\dimen0=\wd0% =\llap{\hbox to\dimen0{\hss#1\hss}}} \def\RH{{\sc rh}}\def\BH{{\sc bh}} \noindent\vbox{\null\noindent.\endgraf \bigskip\bigskip\baselineskip=14pt \noindent Rabbinic Hebrew (\RH) does not differ greatly from Biblical Hebrew (\BH) in its inflection of the noun, although the neutralization of final {\it mem\/} and {\it nun\/} means that the masculine plural is often, as in Aramaic, \[\=iyn^\]. Apart from the more frequent use of the archaic feminine suffix \[\=ath\] as in \[koheneth\] `priest's wife' and \['illemeth\] `dumb woman', \RH\ also employs the suff{}ixes \[\=iyth\] and \[\={}ooth\] for example \[':araumiyth\] `Aramaic' and \[`av'dooth\] `servitude'. \RH\ developed distinctive feminine plural suff{}ixes in \[\=+'Oth\] (Babylonian) or \[\=+yOth\] (Palestinian), for example \[mar'ch:atsauyOth\]/\[mar'ch:atsau'Oth\] `bath-houses' and \[\=iyyOth\], as in \[mal'khiy*Oth\] `kingdoms' for \BH\ \[mal'khuyO{}th\], for nouns ending in \[=ooth\] in the singular. Masculine plural forms sometimes differ from those that would be expected, or are normally found, in \BH, for example, \[n'ziqiyn^\] from \[naezeq\] `damage', \[sh^'wauriym^\] from \[sh^Or\] `ox', \[sh^'wauqiym^\] from \[sh^\/ooq\] `market', \[ts'daudiym^\] from \[tsad\] `side', \[ch:atsau'iyn^\] from \[ch:atsiy\] `half', and \[sh^'l\/oochiyn^\] from \[sh^auliy_ach\] `envoy'. The same is true of feminine nouns, for example \['Othiy*Oth\] from \['Oth\] `letter (of alphabet)', \[b'riythOth\] from \[b'riyth\] `covenant (without plural in \BH)', and \['im*auhOth\] from \['aem^\] `mother'. Some masculine nouns take the feminine plural suffix \[-Oth\], for example, \[chin*Oth\] from \[chaen^\] `favour', \[k'laulOth\] from \[kh'laul\] `rule', \[tiynoqOth\] from \[tiynOq\] `baby', \[ch:ayaulOth\] from \[chayil\] `army', \[`:ayaurOth\] from \[`iyr\] `city', and \[maeymO\/th\] from \[mayim^\] `water'. Similarly, there are some feminine nouns which take the masculine plural suffix \[\=iym^\]---\[yOniym^\] from \[yOnauh\] `dove', \[n'mauliym^\] from \[n'maulauh\] `ant', and \[baeytsiym^\] from \[baeytsauh\] `egg', for example. Occasionally, both types of plural are evidenced, as with \[yaumOth\]/\[yaumiym^\] from \[yOm^\] `day' or \[sh^aunOth\]/\[sh^auniym^\] from \[sh^aunauh\] `year', with each form having a slightly different shade of meaning and the `feminine' variant only used with suffixes. In \RH\ we sometimes find plurals of nouns only attested in the singular in \BH, for example \[':avauriym^\] from \['aever\] `limb', \[dd'sh^au'iyn^\] from \[ddesh^e'\] `grass', and \[t'midiym^\] from \[taumiyd\] `daily sacrifice'. Likewise, there are singular forms of nouns only attested in the plural in \BH, for example \['il'moog\] `coral-wood', \[baeytsauh\] `egg', and \[bautsaul\] `onion'. The dual is used more than in \BH, with existing forms retained and new ones created, for example \[ma.s'paurayim^\] `scissors' and \[baen'tayim^\] `meanwhile'. (1993: A. S\'aenz-Badillos, {\it A History of the Hebrew Language}, Cambridge University Press, pp.\thinspace 188-89.)\par } \end{document}