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end½7.1.–€Sulla“larÑðghezza“di“bandaïps:SDict begin 13 H.L endïkps:SDict begin [ /Subtype /Link /Dest (0:211) cvn /H /I /Border [0 0 0] /Color [1 0 0] H.B /ANN pdfmark endï color popŽ’Ôïcolor push Black.ï color popŽ–€ïcolor push Black.ï color popŽ“ïcolor push Black.ï color popŽ“ïcolor push Black.ï color popŽ“ïcolor push Black.ï color popŽ“ïcolor push Black.ï color popŽ“ïcolor push Black.ï color popŽ“ïcolor push Black.ï color popŽ“ïcolor push Black.ï color popŽ“ïcolor push Black.ï color popŽ“ïcolor push Black.ï color popŽ“ïcolor push Black.ï color popŽ“ïcolor push Black.ï color popŽ“ïcolor push Black.ï color popŽ“ïcolor push Black.ï color popŽ“ïcolor push Black.ï color popŽ“ïcolor push Black.ï color popŽ“ïcolor push Black.ï color popŽ“ïcolor push Black.ï color popŽ“ïcolor push Black.ï color popŽ“ïcolor push Black.ï color popŽ“ïcolor push Black.ï color popŽ“ïcolor push Black.ï color popŽ“ïcolor push Black.ï color popŽ“ïcolor push Black.ï color popŽ“ïcolor push Black.ï color popŽ“ïcolor 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begin H.S end14ïps:SDict begin 13 H.L endïrps:SDict begin [ /Subtype /Link /Dest (0:framesizes) cvn /H /I /Border [0 0 0] /Color [1 0 0] H.B /ANN pdfmark endï color popŽŽ¡‘Hïcolor push gray 0ïps:SDict begin H.S end11.–€Magia“Nera“e“Impulsi“di“SincrÑðonismoïps:SDict begin 13 H.L endïmps:SDict begin [ /Subtype /Link /Dest (0:magic) cvn /H /I /Border [0 0 0] /Color [1 0 0] H.B /ANN pdfmark endï color popŽ’÷ïcolor push Black.ï color popŽ–€ïcolor push Black.ï color popŽ“ïcolor push Black.ï color popŽ“ïcolor push Black.ï color popŽ“ïcolor push Black.ï color popŽ“ïcolor push Black.ï color popŽ“ïcolor push Black.ï color popŽ“ïcolor push Black.ï color popŽ“ïcolor push Black.ï color popŽ“ïcolor push Black.ï color popŽ“ïcolor push Black.ï color popŽ“ïcolor push Black.ï color popŽ“ïcolor push Black.ï color popŽ“ïcolor push Black.ï color popŽ“ïcolor push Black.ï color popŽ“ïcolor push Black.ï color popŽ“ïcolor push Black.ï color popŽ“ïcolor push Black.ï color popŽ“ïcolor push Black.ï color 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queste“sono“calcolate“internamente“dal“serv˜er“all'ašÌÐvvio,“basate“sulla“risoluzione“che“a˜vÙ ete“specicato“nellaŽ¡parte–Q‹"Modes"“della“sezione“"Screen"“del“vÌÐostro“le“di“congurazione“XFree86“e“sulle“capacit€à“del“monitor“che“ilŽ¡všÌÐostro–€servÙ er“X“rica˜vÀa“da“una“query“EDID“al“monitor“stesso.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïHps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:73) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈPer–§Jcambiare“la“risoluzione“video“e“la“profondit€à“del“colore,“semplicemente“cambiate“o“create“una“sezione“"Display"Ž¡che–€li“descri•Àv“a.–€Ecco“un“esempio“di“descrizione“"Screen"“dal“le“di“congurazione“X“del“mio“laptop:ŽŸ *8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 11.7 H.A endïHps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:74) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ˆûÄSection‘ff"Screen"Ž¤ ³3‘ffIdentifier‘™˜"Screen0"Ž¡–+30Device“"ATI–ffRage“Mobility"Ž¡‘+30Monitor‘%ÌÊ"Monitor0"Ž¡–ffDefaultDepth“16Ž¡¡–ffSubsection“"Display"Ž¡‘0™–Depth‘%ÌÊ16Ž¡‘Vf`Modes‘%ÌÊ"1024x768"Ž¡‘ffEndSubsectionŽ¡¡EndSectionŽŸ 0`ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïHps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:75) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ Ï ½TŒÏutto– ˜quello“che“generalmente“doÙ vrete“fšægare“sar€à“cambiare“i“vÀalori“nella“rigó7a“"Modes".“X‘ sf˜ar€à“il“resto.“Se“specicateŽ¤ una–tjrisoluzione“impossibile,“il“servÙ er“non“fægar€à“altro“che“tornare“alla“approssimazione“pi€ù“vicina“ai“dati“che“EDID‘tgdiceŽ¡che–€il“monitor“pu€ò“sopportare.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïHps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:76) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈQuindi,–µ®le“informazioni“a“sešÙ guire“di“questo“HO¦gWTÑðO‘µ¡sono“utili“solo“se“(a)“aÌÐv˜ete“un“v˜ecchio“monitor“pre-EDID,“o“(b)Ž¡il–`îdriÀvÙ er“della“všÌÐostra“scheda“video“non“pu€ò“fægare“interrogó7azioni“al“monitor™Ÿ,“o“(c)“a˜všÙ ete“una“v˜ecchia“v˜ersione“di“XFree86Ž¡(nel–sžqual“caso,“potreste“risolvÙ ere“il“problema“aggiornandolo),“o“(d)“la“vÌÐostra“accoppiata“monitor/scheda“video“pu€òŽ¡sopportare–€°una“risoluzione“superiore“a“1920“x“1440“o“inferiore“a“640“x“480,“che“sarebbe“la“portata“entro“la“qualeŽ¡XFree86–€ha“"modeline"“scritte.ŽŸ”ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïRps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:introduction) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŽŸ0‘Hïcolor push Black’ÏÅ3ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ’Ôï color popŽŽŒ‹#4¡‘·ºâŸ·ºâïþps:SDict begin /product where{pop product(Distiller)search{pop pop pop version(.)search{exch pop exch pop(3011)eq{gsave newpath 0 0 moveto closepath clip/Courier findfont 10 scalefont setfont 72 72 moveto(.)show grestore}if}{pop}ifelse}{pop}ifelse}if end ç ýU‘Hïcolor push Blackïcolor push gray 0ïps:SDict begin H.S endïcolor push gray 0ï color popŽïps:SDict begin H.R endïJps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (page.4) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endï color popŸüfd’QJvÅXF›ÿs8r¡Gee86–€V‘ÿBideo“T˜imings“HO‘ÿÿWTÑðOŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ’Ôï color popŽŽ { ýœ›‘H¿3.‘ͽIntr§Œoduzioneïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 22.464 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (1.3.1) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŽ‘HŸÛïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïHps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:79) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ È»½Il–ì»servÙ er“XFree86“permette“agli“utenti“di“congurare“i“loro“sottosistemi“video“e“quindi“incoraggia“ad“un“miglior“usoŽ¤ dell'hardwægare–¢ esistente.“Questo“documento“intende“aiutarvi“ad“imparare“a“generare“i“vÌÐostri“propri“vÀalori“di“temporiz-Ž¡zazione–€per“sfruttare“al“meÙ glio“la“všÌÐostra“scheda“video“e“il“v˜ostro“monitor‘ÿs8.Ž©*8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïHps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:80) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈPresenteremo–ð¹un“metodo“per“ottenere“qualcosa“che“funziona,“quindi“vi“indicheremo“come“sperimentare“partendo“daŽ¡questa–€base“comune“per“sviluppare“delle“speciche“ottimizzate“alle“vÌÐostre“esigenze.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïHps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:81) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈSe–0gi€à“aÌÐvÙ ete“una“modalit€à“che“funziona“discretamente“(in“particolare,“se“una“delle“modalit€à“VESA‘predenite“vi“d€à“unoŽ¡schermo–¶Bstabile“ma“spostato“troppo“a“sinistra“o“a“destra,“o“troppo“piccolo,“o“troppo“larÑðgo)“potete“andare“direttamenteŽ¡alla–`7sezione“ïcolor push gray 0ïps:SDict begin H.S endRisolvÙ ere–€i“Problemi“con“l'Immagineïps:SDict begin 13 H.L endïmps:SDict begin [ /Subtype /Link /Dest (0:fixes) cvn /H /I /Border [0 0 0] /Color [1 0 0] H.B /ANN pdfmark endï color popŽ’˜¥.“Questa“sezione“vi“svÙ eler€à“le“possibilit€à“di“manipolare“i“vÀalori“diŽ¡temporizzazione–€per“ottenere“eetti“particolari.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïHps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:83) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈNon–+Mpensiate“di“do•Ù v“er–+Mstudiare“sin“nei“minimi“particolari“tutte“le“reÙ golazioni“delle“"modeline"“solo“perch€é“il“vÌÐostroŽ¡X‘þvi–þ"appare“completamente“sballato“la“prima“vÌÐolta“dopo“l'installazione;“pu€ò“essere“che“la“maggior“parte“delle“"mo-Ž¡deline"– fornite“dalla“distribšÌÐuzione“siano“OK‘âe“v˜oi“siete“capitati“in“una“che“non“si“adatta“al“v˜ostro“hardwægare.“In™ŸvÙ ece,Ž¡prošÙ vÀate–O—tutte“le“vÌÐostre“"modeline"“con“ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïHps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:84) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endCTRL-AL–ÿT“-KP+.–O—Se“qualcuna“di“queste“sembra“OK,“pro˜všÀate“a“renderle“inatti˜vÙ eŽ¡commentandole–÷«tutte“eccetto“una“640x480“e“controllando“che“quella“funzioni.“Se“funziona“rendete“attiÀvÙ e“scommen-Ž¡tandole–ˆun“paio“di“altre“"modeline",“ad“esempio“una“800x600“e“una“1024x768“ad“una“frequenza“che“il“vÌÐostro“monitorŽ¡doÙ vrebbe–€essere“in“grado“di“gestire.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïKps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:tools) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ+BT¿4.–ͽStrumenti“per“il“Calcolo“A‘ÿ{Rutomaticoïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 22.464 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (1.4.1) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŽŸ 7„ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïHps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:87) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ lS½Se–¡·il“vÌÐostro“monitor“€è“stato“fægabbricato“dopo“il“1996,“probabilmente“sopporta“le“speciche“ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïHps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:88) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endEDIDŽ¡(http://www‘ÿY .vÙ esa.orÑðg/summary/sumeedidrar1.htm).–O¦I‘Nìmonitor“EDID-compatibili“(a“vÌÐolte“chiamati“"Plug'n'Play"Ž¡nella–€letteratura“del“mercato“Microsoft)“possono“trasmettere“le“loro“capacit€à“al“vÌÐostro“computer‘ÿs8.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïHps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:89) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈDišÀvÙ ersi–û moduli“dri˜vÙ er“in“XFree86“4.0“supportano“la“DDC,“la“ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïHps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:90) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endVESA‘ù£Display“Data“Channel“fægacilityŽ¡(http://www‘ÿY .vÙ esa.orÑðg/dload/summary/sumeddcv1.htm).–Û'Il“modulo“di“una“scheda“video“DDC-compatibile“chieder€à“alŽ¡monitor–¬ di“darÑðgli“una“descrizione“EDID‘¬”delle“sue“capacacit€à“e“si“congurer€à“in“base“a“quei“dati.“Cos€ì“con“la“4.0“e“unŽ¡qualsiasi–€monitor“recente,“vÌÐoi“non“doÙ vrete“fægare“nessuna“congurazione.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïHps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:91) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈSe–]9vi“capita“di“ašÌÐvÙ ere“il“modulo“della“scheda“video“non“DDC-compatibile“ma“il“v˜ostro“monitor“parla“EDID,“poteteŽ¡ancora–SÌusare“il“programma“read-edid“per“chiedere“al“monitor“le“sue“speciche“e“calcolare“per“vÌÐoi“una“"modeline".Ž¡Consultate–€la“ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïHps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:92) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endread-edid“home“page“(http://john.fremlin.de/programs/linux/read-edid/).Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïHps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:93) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈDa–à«XFree86“3.2“in“poi,“XFree86“fornisce“un“programma“ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïHps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:94) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endÃXF86Setup“½che“rende“fægacile“generare“interatti•Àv“amente‘à«unaŽ¡modalit€à–˜¸funzionante“per“il“monitor™Ÿ,“senza“aÌÐvÙ ere“a“che“fægare“direttamente“con“i“vÀalori“delle“temporizzazioni“video.Ž¡Cos€ì–[{il“pi€ù“delle“vÌÐolte“non“doÙ vrete“calcolare“una“modalit€à“base“per“il“monitor‘ÿs8.“Sfortunatamente,“ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïHps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:95) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endÃXF86Setup“½ha“alcuneŽ¡limitazioni;–Ž£riconosce“solo“modalit€à“video“standard“no“a“1280x1024.“Se“aÌÐvÙ ete“un“monitor“ad“alte“prestazioni“capaceŽ¡di–€1600x1200“o“pi€ù“vi“doÙ vrete“sempre“calcolare“la“modalit€à“base“da“soli.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïHps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:96) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈC'€è–½’un'applicazione“KDE‘½‚chiamata“ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïHps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:97) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endKV‘ÿfgideoGen“(http://paranoia.rulez.orÑðg/videogen/)“che“genera“le“"modeline"“dalleŽ¡caratteristiche–>Ddel“monitor“e“della“scheda“video.“Ho“proÙ vÀato“a“generare“"modeline"“con“questa“applicazione,“ma“non“leŽ¡ho–YprošÙ vÀate.“Notate“che“i“suoi“parametri“di“refresh“orizzontale“e“v˜erticale“sono“gli“stessi“delle“frequenze“di“sincronismoŽ¡HSF–YÏe›YÙVSF“che˜descriÀviamo˜in˜seÙ guito.˜L‘ÿ'impulso˜di˜sincronismo˜orizzontale˜sembra˜essere˜una˜larÑðghezza˜di˜impulsoŽ¡di–àQsincronia“in“microsecondi,“HSP‘à8(con“l'applicazione“che“d€à“per“ssi“il“'piedistallo“frontale'“HGT1“e“il“'piedistalloŽ¡secondario'–ÄeHGT2).“Se“non“conoscete“il“vÀalore“dell'impulso“di“sincronia“orizzontale“€è“pi€ù“sicuro“usare“quello“diŽ¡defægault.ŽŽŸ0‘Hïcolor push Black’ÏÅ4ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ’Ôï color popŽŽŒ‹#KÍ‘·ºâŸ·ºâïþps:SDict begin /product where{pop product(Distiller)search{pop pop pop version(.)search{exch pop exch pop(3011)eq{gsave newpath 0 0 moveto closepath clip/Courier findfont 10 scalefont setfont 72 72 moveto(.)show grestore}if}{pop}ifelse}{pop}ifelse}if end ç ýU‘Hïcolor push Blackïcolor push gray 0ïps:SDict begin H.S endïcolor push gray 0ï color popŽïps:SDict begin H.R endïJps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (page.5) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endï color popŸüfdŸ÷™œïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:119) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸfd’QJvÅXF›ÿs8r¡Gee86–€V‘ÿBideo“T˜imings“HO‘ÿÿWTÑðOŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ’Ôï color popŽŽ {‘H ýïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïHps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:98) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ½Esiste–"Ùun“altro“generatore“di“"modeline"“XFree86“ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïHps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:99) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endqui“(http://zaph.com/Modeline).“Potete“sia“scaricare“lo“script“PythonŽ¤ o–€usare“il“form“CGI“messo“a“disposizione.Ž©*8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:100) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈV‘þã×ersioni–Ürecenti“di“XFree86“orono“uno“strumento“chiamato“ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:101) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endxvidtune“che“tro•Ù v“erete–Üprobabilmente“abbastanza“utileŽ¡per–¼étestare“e“perfezionare“le“modalit€à“video.“PšÙ arte“con“uno“spaÌÐv˜entoso“aÌÐvviso“sulle“possibili“conse˜guenze“se“si“fægannoŽ¡errori–Èusandolo.“Se“prestate“un'accurata“attenzione“a“questo“documento“e“imparate“cosa“c'€è“dietro“quei“simpaticiŽ¡numeri–€nei“riquadri“di“xvidtune,“saprete“usare“eetti•Àv“amente–€e“con“condenza“xvidtune.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:102) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈSe–VÈaÌÐvšÙ ete“ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:103) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endxvidtune(1),potrete“pro˜vÀare“nuo˜v˜e“modalit€à“al“všÌÐolo,“senza“modicare“i“v˜ostri“le“di“congurazione“per“XŽ¡o–èèresettare“il“servÙ er“X.“Altrimenti,“XFree86“vi“permette“di“spostarvi“con“la“tastiera“fra“dierenti“modalit€à“denite“inŽ¡Xcong–_Ë(všÙ edi“XFree86.man“per“dettagli).“Usate“questa“capacit€à“per“risparmiarvi“problemi!“Quando“vÌÐolete“pro˜vÀareŽ¡una–œnuoÙ všÀa“modalit€à,“chiamatela“in“modo“uni˜všÌÐoco“e“aggiungetela“alla“ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:104) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endÅne“½della“v˜ostra“lista“di“combinazioni“di“tasti.Ž¡Lasciate–5muna“modalit€à“che“sapete“che“funziona“bene“come“defægault“per“poter“tornare“l€ì“se“la“modalit€à“che“state“proÙ vÀandoŽ¡non‘€funziona.ŽŸ”ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:105) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ælV‘þã×erso–íla“ne“di“questo“documento,“includeremo“uno“script“'modeplot'“che“potrete“usare“per“produrre“un“gracoŽ¡analogico–ƒdelle“possibili“"modeline".“Ci€ò“non“€è“direttamente“utile“per“generare“"modeline",“ma“vi“pu€ò“aiutare“perŽ¡capire–€meÙ glio“le“relazioni“che“le“deniscono.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïKps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:video) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ+BT¿5.–ͽCome“Funziona“lo“ScÓÅhermoïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 22.464 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (1.5.1) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŽŸÛïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:108) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ È»½Sapere–Ÿ€come“funziona“loïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:109) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end“video“€è“fondamentale“per“capire“quali“všÀalori“mettere“nei“v˜ari“campi“del“le“Xcong.“QuestiŽ¡všÀalori–€sono“usati“al“pi€ù“basso“li˜všÙ ello“di“controllo“dello“schermo“dal“serv˜er“XFree86.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:111) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈLo–{8schermo“genera“un“quadro“con“quello“che“considerate“essere“una“serie“di“punti“raster‘ÿs8.“I‘zøpunti“sono“disposti“daŽ¡sinistra–þ4a“destra“per“formare“delle“linee.“Le“linee“sono“disposte“dall'alto“in“basso“per“formare“il“quadro.“I‘ýÒpuntiŽ¡emettono– luce“quando“sono“colpiti“dal“fšægascio“elettronico“dentro“lo“schermo.“Per“f˜ar“s€ì“che“il“f˜ascio“colpisca“ciascunŽ¡punto–€per“un“uguale“periodo“di“tempo,“il“fægascio“€è“diretto“sullo“schermo“con“un“percorso“costante,“detto“raster‘ÿs8.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:112) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈAbbiamo–2detto“"quello“che“considerate“essere“una“serie“di“punti"“perch€é“questi“punti“raster“non“corrispondono“propria-Ž¡mente– ai“fosfori.“I‘ðfosfori“sono“molto“pi€ù“piccoli“dei“punti“raster“--“lo“deÀvÌÐono“essere,“altrimenti“lo“schermo“mostrerebbeŽ¡graÌÐvi–Šqeetti-moir€é.“I‘Šnpunti“raster“sono“in“realt€à“campioni“del“sešÙ gnale“analogico,“e“si“v˜edono“come“una“griglia“di“puntiŽ¡solo–€perch€é“i“picchi“nel“sešÙ gnale“sono“molto“re˜golari“e“spaziati“con“precisione.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:113) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈIl–—¯percorso“parte“in“alto“a“sinistra“sullo“schermo,“attraÌÐvšÙ ersa“lo“schermo“v˜erso“destra“con“una“linea“diritta,“muo˜v˜endosiŽ¡lešÙ ggerissimamente–]7"in“discesa"“(lo“spostamento“v˜erticale“€è“troppo“esiguo“da“essere“percepito).“Poi“il“fægascio“€è“riportatoŽ¡indietro–j,sul“lato“sinistro,“ripartendo“con“una“nuošÙ vÀa“linea.“La“nuo˜všÀa“linea“v˜a“da“sinistra“a“destra“proprio“come“la“prima.Ž¡Questo–HÇpercorso“€è“ripetuto“no“a“che“l'ultima“linea“in“fondo“allo“schermo“€è“stata“passata.“Allora“il“fægascio“viene“portatoŽ¡dall'angolo–Ayin“basso“a“destra“(spazzando“ašÌÐvÀanti“e“indietro“un“p€ò“di“v˜olte)“all'angolo“in“alto“a“sinistra,“e“il“percorsoŽ¡viene‘€ripetuto.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:114) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈC'€è–:¥una“vÀariante“di“questo“schema“conosciuto“come“interlacciamentoïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:115) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end:“qui“solamente“ogni“linea“pari“€è“passata“ogniŽ¡mezzo–€quadro“e“quelle“dispari“sono“tracciate“durante“il“secondo“mezzo“quadro.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:117) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈQuando–u;il“fægascio“parte“dall'angolo“superiore“sinistro“dello“schermo“€è“detto“inizio“di“quadro.“Il“quadro“termina“quandoŽ¡il–™fægascio“raggiunge“l'angolo“superiore“sinistro“di“nuošÙ vÌÐo“v˜enendo“dall'angolo“inferiore“destro“dello“schermo.“Un“quadroŽ¡€è–€composto“da“tutte“le“linee“tracciate“dal“fægascio“dall'alto“in“basso“dello“schermo.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:118) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈSe–nil“fægascio“dešÙ gli“elettroni“funzionasse“per“tutto“il“tempo“che“attraÌÐv˜ersa“il“quadro,“tutti“i“punti“dello“schermo“sarebberoŽ¡accesi.–J·Non“ci“sarebbero“bordi“neri“ai“lati“dello“schermo.“Ai“lati“dello“schermo“il“quadro“sarebbe“distorto“perch€é“€èŽ¡dicile–{~controllare“il“fægascio“in“quei“punti.“Per“ridurre“la“distorsione,“i“punti“vicino“ai“lati“dello“schermo“non“sonoŽŽŸ0‘Hïcolor push Black’ÏÅ5ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ’Ôï color popŽŽŒ‹#jR‘·ºâŸ·ºâïþps:SDict begin /product where{pop product(Distiller)search{pop pop pop version(.)search{exch pop exch pop(3011)eq{gsave newpath 0 0 moveto closepath clip/Courier findfont 10 scalefont setfont 72 72 moveto(.)show grestore}if}{pop}ifelse}{pop}ifelse}if end ç ýU‘Hïcolor push Blackïcolor push gray 0ïps:SDict begin H.S endïcolor push gray 0ï color popŽïps:SDict begin H.R endïJps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (page.6) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endï color popŸüfd’QJvÅXF›ÿs8r¡Gee86–€V‘ÿBideo“T˜imings“HO‘ÿÿWTÑðOŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ’Ôï color popŽŽ { ýš‘H½illuminati–r°dal“fægascio“(perch€é“sono“spenti)“anche“se“questo,“se“fossero“accesi,“li“puntasse.“L‘ÿ'area“visibile“dello“schermoŽ¤ ‘H€è–€ridotta“in“questo“modo.ŽŸ‘HUn'altra–I‘cosa“importante“da“capire“€è“cosa“succede“del“fægascio“quando“nessuna“cosa“€è“diseÙ gnata“nell'area“visibile.“IlŽ¡‘Htempo–IËche“il“fægascio“aÌÐvrebbe“došÙ vuto“usare“per“illuminare“i“lati“sinistro“e“destro“dello“schermo“€è“in™Ÿv˜ece“usato“per“portareŽ¡‘Hil–»fšægascio“indietro“da“destra“a“sinistra“e“per“muo•Ù v“erlo–»gi€ù“alla“linea“successi•Àv“a.–»Il“tempo“che“il“f˜ascio“aÌÐvrebbe“doÙ vutoŽ¡‘Husare–*¦per“illuminare“i“lati“superiore“ed“inferiore“dello“schermo“€è“usato“per“muo•Ù v“ere–*¦il“fægascio“dall'angolo“in“basso“aŽ¡‘Hdestra–€all'angolo“in“alto“a“sinistraŽ‘H©*8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:120) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈLa–hãscheda“video“genera“i“seÙ gnali“che“permettono“allo“schermo“di“accendere“il“fægascio“(del“colore“vÌÐoluto)“ad“ogni“puntoŽ¡per–g.generare“un“quadro.“La“scheda“controlla“anche“quando“lo“schermo“muo•Ù v“e–g.il“fægascio“da“destra“a“sinistra“e“gi€ù“di“unaŽ¡rigó7a–_generando“un“seÙ gnale“chiamato“sync“(per“sincronismo)“orizzontale.“C'€è“un“impulso“di“sincronismo“orizzontaleŽ¡alla–¬Lne“di“ogni“linea.“La“scheda“genera“anche“un“impulso“di“sincronismo“všÙ erticale“che“se˜gnala“allo“schermo“quandoŽ¡muo•Ù v“ere–ZIil“fægascio“dall'angolo“sinistro“in“alto“dello“schermo.“Un“impulso“di“sincronismo“vÙ erticale“€è“generato“quasi“allaŽ¡ne–€di“ogni“quadro.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:121) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈLo–úschermo“richiede“che“ci“sia“un“breÀvÙ e“lasso“di“tempo“sia“prima“che“dopo“gli“impulsi“di“sincronismo“orizzontale“eŽ¡vÙ erticale–±ðcos€ì“che“si“possa“stabilizzare“la“posizione“del“fšægascio“di“elettroni.“Se“il“f˜ascio“non“pu€ò“stabilizzarsi,“il“quadroŽ¡non–€sar€à“nitido.ŽŸ”ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:122) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ælPer–Šcmaggiori“informazioni,“consultate“ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:123) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endTV‘„öand“Monitor“Deection“SystemsŽ¡(http://fribble.cie.rpi.edu/~repairf•ægaq/REP‘ÿAIR/F_def“aq.html).Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:124) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈIn–y¿una“sezione“pi€ù“aÌÐvÀanti,“torneremo“su“queste“nozioni“basilari“con“denizioni,“formule“ed“esempi“per“aiutarvi“adŽ¡usarle.ŽŸ”ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïKps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:basic) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ-Rø¿6.–ͽCose“Basilari“da“Sapere“sul“V‘þqêostr§Œo“ScÓÅhermo“e“laŽŸvÉScÓÅheda‘ͽVideoïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 22.464 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (1.6.1) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŽŸÛïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:127) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ È»½Ci–€sono“delle“cose“fondamentali“da“sapere“prima“di“sperimentare“con“i“vÀalori“di“Xcong.“Sono:Ž¤*8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:128) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:129) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸÕÈïcolor push BlackóÌ*j] ptmr8cÇ€ˆï color popŽŽ‘ ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:130) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end½le–€opzioni“di“frequenza“di“sincronismo“orizzontale“e“vÙ erticale“del“vÌÐostro“monitorŽ¡ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:131) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end©ÕÈïcolor push BlackÇ€ˆï color popŽŽ‘ ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:132) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end½la–€larÑðghezza“di“banda“del“vÌÐostro“monitorŽ¡ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:133) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end¦ïcolor push BlackÇ€ˆï color popŽŽ‘ ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:134) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end½le–€frequenze“della“vÌÐostra“scheda“video,“o“"dot“clocks"Ž¡ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:135) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ%Zçóúff phvb8tÈ6.1.–ÈLe“frequenz$Ûe“di“sincr¶Jonismo“del“monitorïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 18.72 H.A endïKps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (1.6.1.2) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŽŸ .Cïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:137) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ð½La–frequenza“di“sincronismo“orizzontaleïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:138) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end“€è“semplicemente“il“numero“di“vÌÐolte“al“secondo“che“il“monitor“pu€ò“scriÀvÙ ereŽ¤ una–¦ölinea“di“scansione“orizzontale;“€è“la“pi€ù“importante“informazione“sul“vÌÐostro“monitor‘ÿs8.“La“frequenza“di“sincronismoŽ¡vÙ erticale–"*€è“il“numero“di“všÌÐolte“al“secondo“alla“quale“il“monitor“pu€ò“fægar“attra˜všÙ ersare“il“fægascio“v˜erticalmente“sullo“schermo.Ž©*8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:140) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈLe–E§frequenze“di“sincronismo“di“solito“sono“elencate“nelle“speciche“del“manuale“del“monitor‘ÿs8.“Il“vÀalore“della“frequenzaŽ¡di–j+sincronismo“vÙ erticaleïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:141) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end“€è“tipicamente“calibrato“in“Hz“(cicli“per“secondo),“quello“orizzontale“in“KHz“(kilocicli“perŽ¡secondo).–€Le“comuni“gó7amme“di“vÀalori“sono“fra“50“e“150Hz“vÙ erticali,“e“fra“31“e“135KHz“orizzontali.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:143) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈSe–ãun“solo“punto“acceso“sullo“schermo,“ma“con“una“frequenza“di“refresh“abbastanza“alta“la“persistenza“della“vista“deiŽ¡vÌÐostri–€occhi“vi“permette“di“"vÙ edere"“l'intera“immagine.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:221) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈEcco–€alcuni“diseÙ gni“che“possono“aiutare:ŽŸ *8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 11.7 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:222) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ˆû‘ÿþÄ_______________________Ž¤ ³3‘™˜|‘|3*|‘ÿþLa–fffrequenza“di“sincronismo“orizzontaleŽ¡‘™˜|->->->->->->->->->->->–ff|‘ÿþ€è“il“numero“di“volte“al“secondoŽ¡‘™˜|‘vÌÄ)|‘ÿþal–ffquale“il“pennello“elettronicoŽ¡‘™˜|<-----<-----<-----<---–ff|‘ÿþe“del“monitor“pu€ò“tracciareŽ¡‘™˜|‘|3*|‘ÿþun–ffdisegno“tipo“questoŽ¡‘™˜|‘|3*|Ž¡‘™˜|‘|3*|Ž¡‘™˜|‘|3*|Ž¡‘™˜|_______________________|Ž¡‘ÿþ_______________________Ž¡‘™˜|‘+30^‘K™”|‘ÿþLa–fffrequenza“di“sincronismo“verticaleŽ¡‘™˜|‘%ÌÊ^–ff|‘F3.|‘ÿþ€è“il“numero“di“volte“al“secondoŽ¡‘™˜|‘%ÌÊ|–ffv‘F3.|‘ÿþal“quale“il“pennello“elettronicoŽ¡‘™˜|‘%ÌÊ^–ff|‘F3.|‘ÿþdel“monitor“pu€ò“tracciareŽ¡‘™˜|‘%ÌÊ|–ff|‘F3.|‘ÿþun“disegno“tipo“questoŽ¡‘™˜|‘%ÌÊ^‘ff|‘F3.|Ž¡‘™˜|‘%ÌÊ|‘ffv‘F3.|Ž¡‘™˜|‘%ÌÊ^‘ff|‘F3.|Ž¡‘™˜|_______|_v_____________|ŽŸ @ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:223) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ À½Ricordate–šóche“la“scansione“€è“un“diseÙ gno“a“zigzag“molto“stretto;“cio€è,“il“pennello“vÀa“da“sinistra“a“destra“e“contempora-Ž¤ neamente–€su“e“gi€ù.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:224) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈOra–—Çpossiamo“vÙ edere“come“il“dot“clock“e“la“grandezza“dello“schermo“si“mettono“in“relazione“con“la“frequenza“diŽ¡refresh.–‰FPer“denizione,“un“hertz“(Hz)“€è“un“ciclo“al“secondo.“Cos€ì,“se“la“vÌÐostra“larÑðghezza“di“quadro“orizzontale“€è“HFLŽ¡e–¶la“všÌÐostra“lunghezza“di“quadro“vÙ erticale“€è“VFL,“allora“per“coprire“l'intero“schermo“serv˜ono“(HFL›*“VFL)˜impulsi.Ž¡Dal–¢-momento“che“la“vÌÐostra“scheda“emette“DCF‘¡âimpulsi“al“secondo“per“denizione,“allora“oÙ vviamente“il“pennelloŽ¡elettronico–[wdel“vÌÐostro“monitor“pu€ò“andare“sullo“schermo“da“sinistra“a“destra“e“dall'alto“in“basso“e“indietro“DCF‘[m/“(HFLŽ¡*–rVFL)‘rvšÌÐolte“al“secondo.“Questa“€è“la“frequenza“di“refresh“del“v˜ostro“schermo,“perch€é“€è“quante“v˜olte“il“v˜ostro“schermoŽ¡pu€ò–€essere“aggiornato“(o•Ù vv“ero–€ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:225) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endÅ"rinfr¡Gescato"¸½)“ogni“secondo!Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:226) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈDo•Ù v“ete–capire“questo“concetto“per“ottenere“una“congurazione“che“medi“la“risoluzione“con“lo“sf•ægarf“allio–in“un“modoŽ¡qualsiasi–€che“rispetti“i“vÌÐostri“bisogni.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:227) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈPer–€coloro“che“capiscono“mešÙ glio“i“dise˜gni“del“testo,“eccone“uno:ŽŸ *8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 11.7 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:228) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ˆû‘+30ÄRR’Í3$VBŽŸ ³3‘0™–|‘32min–ffHSF‘qf^max“HSF“|ŽŽŸ0‘Hïcolor push Black’ÊÅ11ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ’Ôï color popŽŽŒ‹ #%‘·ºâŸ·ºâïþps:SDict begin /product where{pop product(Distiller)search{pop pop pop version(.)search{exch pop exch pop(3011)eq{gsave newpath 0 0 moveto closepath clip/Courier findfont 10 scalefont setfont 72 72 moveto(.)show grestore}if}{pop}ifelse}{pop}ifelse}if end ç ýU‘Hïcolor push Blackïcolor push gray 0ïps:SDict begin H.S endïcolor push gray 0ï color popŽïps:SDict begin H.R endïKps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (page.12) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endï color popŸüfd’QJvÅXF›ÿs8r¡Gee86–€V‘ÿBideo“T˜imings“HO‘ÿÿWTÑðOŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ’Ôï color popŽŽ { ýš‘x™–Ä|‘™˜|‘F3.R1‘+30R2‘ ÌÌ|‘ fd|Ž¤ ³3‘Hmax–ffVSF“-+----|------------/----------/---|------+-----“max“VSFŽ¡‘x™–|‘™˜|:::::::::::/::::::::::/:::::\‘ÿþ|Ž¡‘x™–|–™˜\::::::::::/::::::::::/:::::::\“|Ž¡‘x™–|‘ÿþ|::::::::/::::::::::/:::::::::|‘32|Ž¡‘x™–|‘ÿþ|:::::::/::::::::::/::::::::::\‘32|Ž¡‘x™–|‘ÿþ\::::::/::::::::::/::::::::::::\‘ ÌÌ|Ž¡‘x™–|‘ fd\::::/::::::::::/::::::::::::::|‘ff|Ž¡‘x™–|‘%ÌÊ|::/::::::::::/:::::::::::::::|‘ff|Ž¡‘x™–|‘+30\/::::::::::/:::::::::::::::::\|Ž¡‘x™–|‘+30/\:::::::::/:::::::::::::::::::|Ž¡‘x™–|‘%ÌÊ/‘ ÌÌ\:::::::/::::::::::::::::::::|\Ž¡‘x™–|‘ fd/‘™˜|:::::/:::::::::::::::::::::|‘ff|Ž¡‘x™–|–ÿþ/“\::::/::::::::::::::::::::::|‘ff\Ž¡‘Hmin–ffVSF“-+----/-------\--/-----------------------|--\---“min“VSFŽ¡‘x™–|–32/‘0™–\/’™|“\Ž¡‘x™–+--/----------/\------------------------+----\-‘ffDCFŽ¡’ƒfbR1‘+30R2‘ ÌÌ\‘|3*|‘ÿþ\Ž¡’Ôf\min–ffHSF‘Vf`|‘™˜max“HSFŽ¡’P™†VBŽ‘HŸ 0`ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:229) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ Ï ½Questo–Í€è“un“diagramma“di“modalit€à“di“un“monitor“generico.“L‘ÿ'asse“x“del“diagramma“mostra“la“frequenza“del“clockŽ¤ (DCF),–¢·l'asse“y“rappresenta“la“frequenza“di“refresh“(RR).“La“rešÙ gione“riempita“del“diagramma“descriÀv˜e“le“capacit€à“delŽ¡monitor:–€ogni“punto“entro“questa“reÙ gione“€è“una“possibile“modalit€à“video.Ž©*8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:230) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈLe–Æ9linee“etichettate“'R1'“e“'R2'“rappresentano“una“risoluzione“ssa“(tipo“640x480);“vÌÐogliono“mostrare“come“unaŽ¡risoluzione–Ø-pu€ò“essere“realizzata“da“svÀariate“dierenti“combinazioni“di“dot“clock“e“frequenza“di“refresh.“La“linea“R2Ž¡rappresenterebbe–€una“risoluzione“pi€ù“alta“di“R1.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:231) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈGli–Àspazi“in“alto“e“in“basso“della“reÙ gione“všÀalida“sono“semplici“linee“orizzontali“che“rappresentano“i“v˜alori“limite“perŽ¡la–3frequenza“di“sincronismo“vÙ erticale.“La“larÑðghezza“di“banda“video“€è“un“limite“superiore“della“frequenza“di“clock“eŽ¡quindi–€€è“rappresentato“da“una“linea“všÙ erticale“che“aanca“la“re˜gione“delle“possibilit€à“a“destra.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:232) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈIn‘%5ïcolor push gray 0ïps:SDict begin H.S endT¦gracciare–€le“Capacit€à“del“Monitorïps:SDict begin 13 H.L endïmps:SDict begin [ /Subtype /Link /Dest (0:cplot) cvn /H /I /Border [0 0 0] /Color [1 0 0] H.B /ANN pdfmark endï color popŽ’Šæ"tro•Ù v“erete–%5un“programma“che“vi“aiuter€à“a“diseÙ gnare“un“diagramma“tipo“questo“(maŽ¡molto–Upi€ù“carino,“con“graca“X)‘7per“il“vÌÐostro“monitor‘ÿs8.“Quella“sezione“tratter€à“anche“la“parte“interessante;“la“deri•Àv“azioneŽ¡deÙ gli–€spazi“attorno“all'immagine“risultante“dai“limiti“sulla“frequenza“di“sincronismo“orizzontale.ŽŸ*8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïOps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:tradeoffs) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ+BT¿8.–ͽCompr§Œomessi“nel“Congurare“il“Sistemaïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 22.464 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (1.8.1) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŽŸ |ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:236) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ 'ƽUn–€altro“modo“di“guardare“alla“formula“che“abbiamo“deri•Àv“ato–€prima“€èŽŸ *8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 11.7 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:237) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ˆû–ffÄDCF“=“RR“*“HFL“*“VFLŽŸ 0`ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:238) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ Ï ½Cio€è,–ŒÝil“vÌÐostro“dot“clock“€è“sso.“Potete“usare“questi“punti“al“secondo“per“guadagnare“sia“frequenza“di“refresh,“siaŽ¡risoluzione–j|orizzontale,“sia“risoluzione“vÙ erticale.“Se“uno“di“questi“aumenta,“uno“o“entrambi“gli“altri“deÀvÌÐono“diminuire.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:239) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈNotate,–—Bcomunque,“che“la“vÌÐostra“frequenza“di“refresh“non“pu€ò“essere“pi€ù“grande“della“massima“frequenza“vÙ erticale“diŽ¡sincronismo–à©del“monitor‘ÿs8.“Cos€ì,“per“ogni“monitor“ad“un“dato“dot“clock,“c'€è“un“vÀalore“minimo“di“lunghezze“di“quadroŽ¡sotto–€il“quale“non“potete“andare.ŽŽŸ0‘Hïcolor push Black’ÊÅ12ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ’Ôï color popŽŽŒ‹ #@‘·ºâŸ·ºâïþps:SDict begin /product where{pop product(Distiller)search{pop pop pop version(.)search{exch pop exch pop(3011)eq{gsave newpath 0 0 moveto closepath clip/Courier findfont 10 scalefont setfont 72 72 moveto(.)show grestore}if}{pop}ifelse}{pop}ifelse}if end ç ýU‘Hïcolor push Blackïcolor push gray 0ïps:SDict begin H.S endïcolor push gray 0ï color popŽïps:SDict begin H.R endïKps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (page.13) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endï color popŸüfdŸ÷™œïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïPps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:framesizes) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸfd’QJvÅXF›ÿs8r¡Gee86–€V‘ÿBideo“T˜imings“HO‘ÿÿWTÑðOŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ’Ôï color popŽŽ {‘H ýïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:240) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ½Nello–¨sceÙ gliere“i“vÌÐostri“parametri,“ricordate:“se“mettete“RR‘btroppo“basso,“fšægarete“una“smora“per“lo“sf˜arf˜allio“delloŽ¤ schermo.–T‘ÿLÐenetelo“sopra“i“60Hz.“72Hz“€è“lo“standard“erÑðgonomico“VESA.“120Hz“€è“la“frequenza“dei“tubi“uorescentiŽ¡nešÙ gli–IóU.S.A.“(100MHz“in“Europa“e“altri“posti“con“la“corrente“elettrica“a“50“Hz);“se“siete“sensibili“a“questi,“v˜e“ne“do˜v˜eteŽ¡tenere–€al“di“sopra.Ž©*8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:241) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈLo›‚Åsf•ægarf“allio˜€è˜molto˜a“aticante˜per˜gli˜occhi,˜anche˜se˜gli˜occhi˜umani˜sono˜adattabili˜e˜la˜tolleranza˜della˜genteŽ¡ad–"kesso“€è“assai“vÀaria.“Se“siete“di“fronte“al“všÌÐostro“monitor“ad“un“angolo“di“90Ÿü^ÿó O!â…cmsy7·Ž‘˜ä½,“su“sfondo“scuro“e“un“b˜uon“colore“diŽ¡contrasto,–€e“un'intensit€à“da“bassa“a“media,“vÌÐoi“*potete*“stare“bene“anche“a“45Hz.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:242) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈIl–SÎtest“€è“questo:“aprite“un“xterminal“con“puro“sfondo“bianco“e“testo“nero“usando“ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:243) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endxterm“-bg“white“-fg“black“e“allarÑðgó7ateloŽ¡cos€ì–Sda“coprire“tutta“l'area“visibile.“Ora“reÙ golate“la“luminosit€à“del“monitor“a“3/4“del“suo“massimo,“e“girate“la“fægacciaŽ¡lontano–Wdal“monitor‘ÿs8.“ProÙ vÀate“a“sbirciare“il“monitor“(usando“le“pi€ù“sensibili“cellule“della“visione“periferica).“Se“nonŽ¡ašÌÐvvÙ ertite–Içalcuno“sf•ægarf“allio–Iço“pensate“che“quello“che“c'€è“€è“tollerabile,“allora“la“frequenza“di“refresh“vÀa“bene“per“v˜oi.Ž¡Altrimenti–¾ú€è“meÙ glio“che“settiate“una“pi€ù“alta“frequenza“di“refresh,“perch€é“quel“semi-in™Ÿvisibile“sf•ægarf“allio–¾úvi“aægaticher€àŽ¡gli–€occhi“da“morire“e“vi“fægar€à“vÙ enire“il“mal“di“testa,“anche“se“lo“schermo“sembra“OK“a“prima“vista.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:244) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈPer–½le“modalit€à“interlacciate,“l'ammontare“dello“sf•ægarf“allio–½dipende“su“pi€ù“fægattori“tipo“la“attuale“risoluzione“vÙ erticale“eŽ¡il–Úmcontenuto“della“videata.“Cos€ì“sperimentate.“Anche“se“non“doÙ vreste“andare“molto“sotto“agli“85Hz“per“met€à“quadro,Ž¡comunque.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:245) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈCos€ì–/8diciamo“che“aÌÐvšÙ ete“scelto“una“frequenza“di“refresh“minimamente“accettabile.“Nello“sce˜gliere“il“vÌÐostro“HFL‘/$e“VFL,Ž¡aÌÐvrete–€un“po'“di“spazio“di“manoÙ vra.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïKps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:sizes) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ+BT¿9.–ͽRequisiti“di“Memoriaïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 22.464 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (1.9.1) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŽŸ 7„ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:248) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ lS½La– åRAM‘ Èdisponibile“per“il“bÌÐuer“di“quadro“pu€ò“limitare“la“risoluzione“che“potete“ottenere“su“schermi“a“colori“o“in“scalaŽ¡di–Zàgrigi.“Probabilmente“non“€è“cos€ì“importante“su“schermi“che“hanno“solo“due“colori,“bianco“e“nero“senza“gradazioni“diŽ¡grigio.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:249) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈPer–ºEgli“schermi“a“256“colori,“un“byte“di“memoria“video“€è“richiesto“per“ogni“punto“visibile.“Questo“byte“contieneŽ¡l'informazione–¤zche“determina“quale“mistura“di“rosso,“všÙ erde“e“blu“deÀv˜e“essere“generata“per“quel“punto.“Per“ottenere“laŽ¡quantit€à–•édi“memoria“richiesta,“moltiplicate“il“numero“di“punti“visibili“per“linea“per“il“numero“di“linee“visibili.“Per“unoŽ¡schermo–Pocon“una“risoluzione“di“1024x768,“questa“sarebbe“1024“x“768“=“786432,“che“€è“il“numero“di“punti“visibili“sulloŽ¡schermo.–4ªQuesto“€è“anche,“a“un“byte“per“punto,“il“numero“di“byte“di“memoria“video“che“sono“necessari“sulla“vÌÐostraŽ¡scheda‘€video.ŽŸ”ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:250) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ælCos€ì,–ÕÆla“memoria“video“richiesta“sar€à“tipicamente“(HR‘Õ¯*“VR)/1024“Kbytes“di“VRAM,“arrotondati“(sarebbero“esatta-Ž¡mente–BV768K‘B$nell'esempio“precedente).“Se“ašÌÐvÙ ete“pi€ù“memoria“di“quella“strettamente“richiesta,“ne“a˜vrete“eÙ xtra“per“ilŽ¡panning–€di“schermo“virtuale.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:251) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈComunque,–ÌÞse“ašÌÐvÙ ete“solo“512K‘ÌËsulla“v˜ostra“scheda“video,“allora“non“potete“usare“questa“risoluzione.“Anche“se“a˜vÙ eteŽ¡un–abšÌÐuon“monitor™Ÿ,“ma“non“abbastanza“video“RAM,“non“potete“a˜vvÀantaggiarvi“della“potenzialit€à“del“v˜ostro“monitor‘ÿs8.Ž¡D'altra–p+parte,“se“la“vÌÐostra“SVšÙ GA‘p'ha“un“me˜gó7a,“ma“il“vÌÐostro“monitor“pu€ò“visualizzare“al“massimo“800x600,“allora“l'altaŽ¡risoluzione–€€è“per“vÌÐoi“irraggiungibile“(vÙ edi“ïcolor push gray 0ïps:SDict begin H.S endUsare“le“Modalit€à“Interlacciateïps:SDict begin 13 H.L endïmps:SDict begin [ /Subtype /Link /Dest (0:inter) cvn /H /I /Border [0 0 0] /Color [1 0 0] H.B /ANN pdfmark endï color popŽ’€‘pper“un“possibile“rimedio).Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:253) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈNon–vSpreoccupateÀvi“se“aÌÐvÙ ete“pi€ù“memoria“di“quella“richiesta;“XFree86“la“user€à“per“permettervi“di“'‘ÿs8scrollare'“l'areaŽ¡visibile–(vÙ edi“il“le“di“documentazione“di“Xcong“sul“parametro“dell'ampiezza“dello“schermo“virtuale).“RicordateŽ¡anche–Ø che“una“scheda“con“512K‘×Çbyte“di“memoria“non“ha“realmente“512,000“byte“installati,“ne“ha“512“x“1024“=Ž¡524,288‘€byte.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:254) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈSe–Dusate“X/Inside“con“una“scheda“video“S3,“e“vÌÐolete“campare“con“16“colori“(4“bit“per“pixÙ el),“potete“settare“la“profondit€àŽ¡a–4¾4“in“Xcong“ed“eetti•Àv“amente–4¾raddoppiare“la“risoluzione“che“pu€ò“gestire“la“scheda“video.“Le“schede“S3,“ad“esempio,ŽŽŸ0‘Hïcolor push Black’ÊÅ13ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ’Ôï color popŽŽŒ‹#-Б·ºâŸ·ºâïþps:SDict begin /product where{pop product(Distiller)search{pop pop pop version(.)search{exch pop exch pop(3011)eq{gsave newpath 0 0 moveto closepath clip/Courier findfont 10 scalefont setfont 72 72 moveto(.)show grestore}if}{pop}ifelse}{pop}ifelse}if end ç ýU‘Hïcolor push Blackïcolor push gray 0ïps:SDict begin H.S endïcolor push gray 0ï color popŽïps:SDict begin H.R endïKps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (page.14) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endï color popŸüfd’QJvÅXF›ÿs8r¡Gee86–€V‘ÿBideo“T˜imings“HO‘ÿÿWTÑðOŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ’Ôï color popŽŽ { ýš‘H½normalmente–€fšæganno“1024x768x256.“Potete“f˜arle“f˜are“1280x1024x16“con“profondit€à“4.Ž‘H¤*8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïPps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:framesizes) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ+BT¿10.–ͽCalcolare“le“Ampiezz,:e“di“Quadr§Œoïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 22.464 H.A endïJps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (1.10.1) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŽŸ 7„ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:257) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ lS½Attenzione:–Œquesto“metodo“€è“stato“sviluppato“per“monitor“multisync.“Probabilmente“funzioner€à“lo“stesso“con“monitorŽŸ a–€frequenza“ssa,“ma“non“ci“sono“gó7aranzie!Ž¡ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:258) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end© ÕÈIniziate–€diÀvidendo“DCF“per“il“vÌÐostro“massimo“HSF“per“ottenere“la“larÑðghezza“di“quadro“orizzontale.Ž¡ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:259) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end¦Per–Šíesempio:“supponiamo“che“aÌÐvšÙ ete“un“Sigma“Le˜gend“SV˜GA‘Šêcon“un“dot“clock“a“65MHz,“ed“il“vÌÐostro“monitor“ha“unaŽ¤ frequenza–/§di“scansione“orizzontale“di“55KHz.“La“quantit€à“(DCF›/“/“HSF)˜€è“allora“1181“(65MHz“=“65000KHz;“65000/55Ž¡=‘€1181).ŽŸÊ8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:260) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ 5ÈEcco– }il“nostro“primo“assaggio“di“magia.“Do•Ù v“ete– }arrotondare“al“pi€ù“vicino“multiplo“di“8.“Questo“ha“a“che“fægare“con“ilŽ¡controller–”Šhardwægare“VšÙ GA‘”…usato“dalla“SV˜GA‘”…e“dalle“schede“S3;“usa“un“re˜gistro“a“8-bit,“spostato“a“sinistra“di“3“bit,“perŽ¡cui–»`€è“in“realt€à“una“quantit€à“di“11-bit.“Altri“tipi“di“schede“tipo“la“A‘þã×TI–»Q8514/A“pu€ò–»`non“aÌÐvÙ er“bisogno“di“questo,“ma“nonŽ¡lo–™Õsappiamo“e“correÙ ggere“non“fægar€à“male.“Cos€ì“arrotondiamo“la“congurazione“della“larÑðghezza“orizzontale“di“quadro“aŽ¡1176.ŽŸ”ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:261) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ælQuesta–8Ícongurazione“(DCF›8»/“HSF˜arrotondato“ad“un“multiplo“di“8)“€è“il“minimo“HFL˜che“potete“usare.“Potete“ottenereŽ¡HFL‘*‘pi€ù–*§lunghi“(e“cos€ì,“possibilmente,“pi€ù“punti“orizzontali“sullo“schermo)“settando“l'impulso“di“sincronismo“in“modoŽ¡da–€produrre“un“HSF“pi€ù“basso.“Ma“lo“pagherete“con“una“frequenza“pi€ù“bassa“e“sf•ægarf“allio–€pi€ù“visibile.ŽŸ*8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:262) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end¦In–:genere,“€è“disponibile“l'80%“della“larÑðghezza“orizzontale“di“quadro“per“la“risoluzione“orizzontale,“la“parte“visibileŽ¡della–žlinea“scandita“orizzontale“(questo“permette,“all'incirca,“di“aÌÐvÙ ere“i“bordi“e“il“tempo“per“il“pennello“di“tornareŽ¡indietro–†--“cio€è,“il“tempo“necessario“al“pennello“di“muo•Ù v“ersi–†dal“lato“destro“dello“schermo“al“lato“sinistro“della“prossimaŽ¡linea).–€In“questo“esempio,“sarebbero“944“impulsi.ŽŸ*8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:263) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end¦Ora,–½†per“ottenere“il“normale“rapporto“della“visualizzazione“dello“schermo“di“4:3,“settate“la“risoluzione“vÙ erticale“a“3/4Ž¡della– risoluzione“orizzontale“che“aÌÐvÙ ete“appena“calcolato.“Per“il“nostro“esempio,“sarebbero“708“impulsi.“Per“ottenere“ilŽ¡vÌÐostro–€attuale“VFL,“moltiplicatelo“per“1.05“per“ottenere“743“impulsi.ŽŸ*8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:264) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end¦Il– 4:3“non“€è“una“meraÌÐviglia“della“tecnica;“nulla“vi“vieta“di“usare“un“rapporto“a“Sezione“Aurea“se“questo“vi“permetteŽ¡di–±Äusare“al“mešÙ glio“il“vÌÐostro“monitor‘ÿs8.“Questo“rende“con™Ÿv˜eniente“calcolare“l'altezza“e“la“larÑðghezza“del“quadro“dallaŽ¡diagonale,›€do•Ù v“ete˜solo˜moltiplicare˜la˜diagonale˜per˜0.8˜per˜ottenere˜la˜larÑðghezza˜e˜per˜0.6˜per˜aÌÐv“ere˜l'altezza.ŽŸ*8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:265) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end¦Cos€ì,–M HFL=1176“e“VFL=743.“DiÀvidendo“65MHz“per“il“prodotto“dei“due“ci“d€à“una“bella“e“salutare“frequenza“di“refreshŽ¡di–ê>74.4Hz.“Eccellente!“MeÙ glio“dello“standard“VESA!“E‘éáaÌÐvrete“944x708“all'accensione,“pi€ù“dell'800“per“600“cheŽ¡probabilmente–€vi“aspettaÌÐvÀate.“Proprio“niente“male!ŽŸ*8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:266) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end¦Potreste–Уanche“aumentare“la“frequenza“di“refresh“no“a“circa“76“Hz,“sfruttando“il“fægatto“che“i“monitor“spesso“possonoŽ¡sincronizzarsi–ŽQorizzontalmente“a“circa“2khz“pi€ù“delle“speciche,“e“in“qualche“modo“abbassando“lo“VFL‘ŽN(che“sarebbe,Ž¡prendere–ÈÝmeno“del“75%“di“944“nell'esempio“precedente).“Ma“prima“di“prošÙ vÀare“questa“mano˜vra“di“"so˜vraccarico",“seŽ¡lo–`vfægate,“siate“ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:267) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endÅsicuri“½che“i“pennelli“elettronici“del“vÌÐostro“monitor“possano“sincronizzarsi“vÙ erticalmente“no“a“76“Hz.Ž¡(Il–Ü¥popolare“NEC‘Ü4D,“ad“esempio,“non“pu€ò.“Arri•Àv“a–Ü¥solo“no“a“75“Hz“VSF).“(V‘þã×edi“ïcolor push gray 0ïps:SDict begin H.S endSoÙ vraccaricare–€il“Monitorïps:SDict begin 13 H.L endïmps:SDict begin [ /Subtype /Link /Dest (0:overd) cvn /H /I /Border [0 0 0] /Color [1 0 0] H.B /ANN pdfmark endï color popŽ‘lR•per“unaŽ¡discussione–€pi€ù“generale“su“quest'arÑðgomento).Ž¤*8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:269) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end¦Fino–€a“qui,“il“pi€ù“€è“semplice“aritmetica“e“fægatti“basilari“sugli“schermi“raster‘ÿs8.“Proprio“poca“magia“nera!Ž¡ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïKps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:magic) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŽŸ0‘Hïcolor push Black’ÊÅ14ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ’Ôï color popŽŽŒ‹#J…‘·ºâŸ·ºâïþps:SDict begin /product where{pop product(Distiller)search{pop pop pop version(.)search{exch pop exch pop(3011)eq{gsave newpath 0 0 moveto closepath clip/Courier findfont 10 scalefont setfont 72 72 moveto(.)show grestore}if}{pop}ifelse}{pop}ifelse}if end ç ýU‘Hïcolor push Blackïcolor push gray 0ïps:SDict begin H.S endïcolor push gray 0ï color popŽïps:SDict begin H.R endïKps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (page.15) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endï color popŸüfdŸ÷™œïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:286) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸfd’QJvÅXF›ÿs8r¡Gee86–€V‘ÿBideo“T˜imings“HO‘ÿÿWTÑðOŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ’Ôï color popŽŽ { ýœ›‘H¿11.–ͽMaÓÅgia“Nera“e“Impulsi“di“Sincr§Œonismoïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 22.464 H.A endïJps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (1.11.1) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŽ‘HŸ |ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:272) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ 'ƽOK,–>0ora“aÌÐvšÙ ete“calcolato“i“vÀalori“di“HFL/VFL‘=ÿper“il“dot“clock“scelto,“tro˜vÀato“una“frequenza“di“refresh“accettabile,“eŽ¤ controllato–¤›di“aÌÐvšÙ ere“abbastanza“VRAM.“Adesso“fægacciamo“la“v˜era“magia“nera“--“vi“serv˜e“di“sapere“quando“e“do˜v˜eŽ¡piazzare–€gli“impulsi“di“sincronismo.Ž©*8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:273) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈGli–¢impulsi“di“sincronismo“eetti•Àv“amente–¢controllano“le“frequenze“di“scansione“orizzontale“e“vÙ erticale“del“monitor‘ÿs8.“GliŽ¡HSF–r©e›r­VSF“che˜aÌÐv•Ù ete˜tirato˜fuori˜dalla˜pagina˜delle˜speciche˜del˜manuale˜sono˜nominali˜e˜approssimatiÀv“e˜frequenzeŽ¡massime–ddi“sincronismo.“L‘ÿ'impulso“di“sincronismo“nel“sešÙ gnale“della“scheda“video“dice“al“monitor“quanto“v˜eloce“deÀv˜eŽ¡andare.ŽŸ”ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:274) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ælRicordate–%ùle“due“gure“precedenti?“Solamente“parte“del“tempo“richiesto“per“tracciare“(rasterÌÐ-scanning)“un“quadro“€èŽ¡usata–€per“mostrare“l'immagine“visibile“(per“esempio“la“vÌÐostra“risoluzione).ŽŸ*8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:275) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ%ZçÈ11.1.–ÈSincr¶Jonismo“Orizzontale:ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 18.72 H.A endïLps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (1.11.7.2) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŽŸaAïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:277) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ Ñò½Secondo–.°la“precedente“denizione,“ci“vÌÐogliono“HFL‘.ƒimpulsi“per“tracciare“una“linea“di“scansione“orizzontale.“Chia-Ž¡miamo–üäil“numero“di“impulsi“visibili“(la“risoluzione“orizzontale“dello“schermo)“HR.“Quindi,“oÙ vviamente,“HR‘üÄ<“HFLŽ¡per–€denizione.“Per“praticit€à,“assumiamo“che“entrambi“partano“allo“stesso“istante“come“mostrato“qui“sotto:ŽŸ *8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 11.7 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:278) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ˆû‘ ÌÌÄ|___–ff__“__“__“__“__“__“__“__“__“__“__“__Ž¤ ³3‘ ÌÌ|_–ff_“_“_“_“_“_“_“_“_“_“_‘Vf`|Ž¡‘ ÌÌ|_______________________|_______________|_____Ž¡‘ ÌÌ0‘|3*^‘Pÿú^‘ÿþunit€à:‘ffimpulsiŽ¡’Œf\|–32^‘%ÌÊ^“|Ž¡’Œf\HR– ÌÌ|‘%ÌÊ|“HFLŽ¡’Œf\|–32|<----->|“|Ž¡’Œf\|<->|– ÌÌHSP“|<->|Ž¡’Œf\HGT1‘0™–HGT2ŽŸ 0`ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:279) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ Ï ½Ora,– noi“vÌÐorremmo“piazzare“un“impulso“di“sincronismo“di“lunghezza“HSP‘ãcome“mostrato“sopra,“ad“esempio,“fra“laŽ¤ ne–àsdešÙ gli“impulsi“di“clock“per“mostrare“dati“e“la“ne“de˜gli“impulsi“di“clock“per“l'intero“quadro.“Perch€é“cos€ì?“Perch€éŽ¡se–…Åpossiamo“ottenere“ci€ò,“allora“l'immagine“sullo“schermo“non“si“sposter€à“a“destra“o“a“sinistra.“L‘ÿ'immagine“sar€à“do•Ù v“eŽ¡doÙ vrebbe–€essere“sullo“schermo,“coprendo“all'incirca“tutta“l'area“visibile“del“monitor‘ÿs8.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:280) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈIn–¥1pi€ù,“vÌÐogliamo“circa“30“impulsi“di“"tempo“di“guardia"“ad“entrambi“i“lati“dell'impulso“di“sincronismo.“Questo“€èŽ¡rappresentato–‰da“HGT1“e“HGT2.“In“una“congurazione“tipica“HGT1“!=“HGT2,“ma“se“state“fægacendo“una“congurazioneŽ¡da–€zero,“všÌÐorrete“fægar“partire“le“v˜ostre“sperimentazioni“con“loro“uguali“(cio€è,“con“l'impulso“di“sincronismo“centrato).Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:281) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈIl–b\sintomo“di“un“impulso“di“sincronismo“non“centrato“€è“che“l'immagine“appare“a“schermo“con“un“bordo“troppo“larÑðgo“eŽ¡l'altro–—ølato“dell'immagine“che“si“ripieÙ gó7a“su“se“stessa,“producendo“un“spesso“bordo“bianco“e“una“striscia“di“"immagineŽ¡fšægantasma"–µ°da“quella“parte.“Un“impulso“vÙ erticale“fuori“misura“pu€ò“f˜ar“girare“il“quadro“come“sui“teleÀvisori“quando“nonŽ¡€è–€rešÙ golato“bene“il“sincronismo“v˜erticale“(infægatti,“€è“lo“stesso“fenomeno“in“azione).Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:282) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈSe–/œsiete“fortunati,“le“larÑðghezze“deÙ gli“impulsi“di“sincronismo“del“vÌÐostro“monitor“saranno“documentate“sulle“pagine“delleŽ¡speciche–€del“manuale.“Altrimenti,“ecco“do•Ù v“e–€inizia“la“vÙ era“magia“nera...Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:283) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈDo•Ù v“ete–[ðun“po'“prošÙ vÀare,“sbagliare“e“ripro˜vÀare“in“questa“parte.“Ma“il“pi€ù“delle“vÌÐolte,“possiamo“sicuramente“supporre“cheŽ¡un–€impulso“di“sincronismo“€è“lungo“dai“3.5“ai“4.0“microsecondi.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:284) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈAncora–°³per“praticit€à,“diciamo“che“HSP‘°¦€è“3.8“microsecondi“(che“poi,“detto“fra“noi,“non“€è“un“cattišÀvÌÐo“v˜alore“di“partenzaŽ¡quando–€si“sperimenta).ŽŽŸ0‘Hïcolor push Black’ÊÅ15ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ’Ôï color popŽŽŒ‹#e‘·ºâŸ·ºâïþps:SDict begin /product where{pop product(Distiller)search{pop pop pop version(.)search{exch pop exch pop(3011)eq{gsave newpath 0 0 moveto closepath clip/Courier findfont 10 scalefont setfont 72 72 moveto(.)show grestore}if}{pop}ifelse}{pop}ifelse}if end ç ýU‘Hïcolor push Blackïcolor push gray 0ïps:SDict begin H.S endïcolor push gray 0ï color popŽïps:SDict begin H.R endïKps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (page.16) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endï color popŸüfdŸ÷™œïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:321) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸfd’QJvÅXF›ÿs8r¡Gee86–€V‘ÿBideo“T˜imings“HO‘ÿÿWTÑðOŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ’Ôï color popŽŽ {‘H ýïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:285) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ½Ora,–iñusando“la“temporizzazione“di“65Mhz“come“in“precedenza,“sappiamo“che“HSP‘iµ€è“equi•Àv“alente–iña“247“impulsi“diŽ¤ clock–€(=“65“*“10**6“*“3.8“*“10^-6)“[ricordate“che“M=10^6,“micro=10^-6]ŽŸAd–A alcuni“costruttori“piace“specicare“i“loro“parametri“di“quadro“orizzontale“come“tempi“piuttosto“che“come“larÑðghezzaŽ¡di–€punti.“Potreste“všÙ edere“i“se˜guenti“vÀalori:Ž¤*8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:287) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:289) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end© ÕÈtempo–€attiÀvÌÐo“(HA‘þã×T)Ž¡ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:290) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸÕÈïcolor push Black‘€ï color popŽŽ‘ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:291) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endCorrisponde–€a“HR,“ma“in“unit€à“di“tempo“(di“solito“microsecondi).“HA‘þã×T“*“DCF“=“HR.ŽŸ *8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:293) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end¦tempo–€di“oscuramento“(HBT)Ž¡ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:294) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸÕÈïcolor push Black‘€ï color popŽŽ‘ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:295) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endCorrisponde–€a“(HFL“-“HR),“ma“in“unit€à“di“tempo“(di“solito“microsecondi).“HBT“*“DCF“=“(HFL“-“HR).ŽŸ *8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:297) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end¦piedistallo–€frontale“(HFP)Ž¡ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:298) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸÕÈïcolor push Black‘€ï color popŽŽ‘ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:299) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endQuesto–€€è“proprio“HGT1.ŽŸ *8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:301) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end¦sync‘€timeŽ¡ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:302) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸÕÈïcolor push Black‘€ï color popŽŽ‘ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:303) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endQuesto–€€è“proprio“HSP‘þã×.ŽŸ *8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:305) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end¦back–€porch“(HBP)Ž¡ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:306) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸÕÈïcolor push Black‘€ï color popŽŽ‘ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:307) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endQuesto–€€è“proprio“HGT2.Ž¤*8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:308) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ%ZçÈ11.2.–ÈSincr¶Jonismo“V‘ÿG­erIµticale:ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 18.72 H.A endïLps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (1.11.8.2) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŽŸaAïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:310) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ Ñò½T‘ÿ37ornando–€alla“gura“precedente,“come“mettiamo“i“247“impulsi“di“clock“secondo“quanto“mostrato“nel“diseÙ gno?Ž¡ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:311) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end¦Usando–Fuil“nostro“esempio,“HR›FB€è“944“e“HFL˜€è“1176.“La“dierenza“fra“i“due“€è“1176“-“944=232“<“247!“OvviamenteŽŸ dobbiamo–€mettere“un“po'“le“cose“a“posto“qui.“Cosa“possiamo“fægare?Ž¡ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:312) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end¦La– prima“cosa“€è“aumentare“1176“a“1184,“e“diminuire“944“a“936.“Adesso“la“dierenza“=“1184-936=“248.“Hmm,“pi€ùŽ¤ vicino.ŽŸ”ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:313) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ælPoi,–Ãäin™ŸvšÙ ece“di“usare“3.8,“usiamo“3.5“per“calcolare“HSP;“quindi,“abbiamo“65*3.5=227.“Sembra“me˜glio.“Ma“248“non“€èŽ¡molto–£Êpi€ù“grande“di“227.“Normalmente“servÌÐono“30“impulsi“o“gi€ù“di“l€ì“fra“HR‘£Áe“l'inizio“di“SP‘þã×,“e“lo“stesso“fra“la“ne“diŽ¡SP–€e“HFL.“E“DEV™ŸONO“essere“multipli“di“otto!“Siamo“bloccati?ŽŸ*8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:314) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end¦No.–XvFÙ acciamo“cos€ì,“936“%“8“=“0,“(936“+“32)“%“8“=“0“anche.“Ma“936“+“32“=“968,“968“+“227“=“1195,“1195“+“32“=“1227.Ž¡Hmm...–€questo“non“€è“male.“Ma“non“€è“un“multiplo“di“8,“cos€ì“lo“arrotondiamo“a“1232.ŽŸ*8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:315) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end¦Ma–æ1ora“abbiamo“un“problema“potenziale,“l'impulso“di“sincronismo“non“€è“pi€ù“messo“in“mezzo“fra“h“e“H.“T¦granquilla-Ž¡mente,–‚Îusando“la“nostra“calcolatrice“troÙ viamo“che“1232“-“32“=“1200“€è“anche“lui“un“multiplo“di“8“e“(1232“-“32)“-“968“=Ž¡232–€che“corrisponde“ad“usare“un“impulso“di“sincronismo“di“3.57“microsecondi,“ancora“ragioneÀvÌÐole.Ž¤*8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:316) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end¦In–€pi€ù,“936/1232“~“0.76“o“76%,“che“non“€è“lontano“dall'80%,“cos€ì“doÙ vrebbe“essere“tutto“a“posto.Ž¡ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:317) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end¦Inoltre,–‰ýusando“l'attuale“lunghezza“di“quadro“orizzontale,“noi“in“pratica“chiediamo“al“nostro“monitor“di“sincronizzarsiŽŸ a–€52.7khz“(=“65Mhz/1232)“che“€è“nelle“sue“capacit€à.“Nessun“problema.Ž¡ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:318) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end¦Usando–Û‹le“rešÙ gole“che“abbiamo“summenzionato,“936*75%=702,“questa“€è“la“nostra“nuo˜vÀa“risoluzione“v˜erticale.“702“*ŽŸ 1.05–€=“737,“la“nostra“nuoÙ vÀa“altezza“di“quadro.Ž¡ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:319) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end¦La–€frequenza“di“refresh“dello“schermo“=“65Mhz/(737*1232)=71.6“Hz.“Questo“€è“ancora“eccellente.ŽŽŸ0‘Hïcolor push Black’ÉÊ@Å16ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ’Ôï color popŽŽŒ‹#}Å‘·ºâŸ·ºâïþps:SDict begin /product where{pop product(Distiller)search{pop pop pop version(.)search{exch pop exch pop(3011)eq{gsave newpath 0 0 moveto closepath clip/Courier findfont 10 scalefont setfont 72 72 moveto(.)show grestore}if}{pop}ifelse}{pop}ifelse}if end ç ýU‘Hïcolor push Blackïcolor push gray 0ïps:SDict begin H.S endïcolor push gray 0ï color popŽïps:SDict begin H.R endïKps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (page.17) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endï color popŸüfdŸ÷™œïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:351) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸfd’QJvÅXF›ÿs8r¡Gee86–€V‘ÿBideo“T˜imings“HO‘ÿÿWTÑðOŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ’Ôï color popŽŽ {‘H ýïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:320) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ½DisešÙ gnare–€il“layout“dell'impulso“di“sincronismo“v˜erticale“€è“simile:ŽŸ³3‘32Ä|___–ff__“__“__“__“__“__“__“__“__“__“__“__Ž¤ ³3‘32|_–ff_“_“_“_“_“_“_“_“_“_“_‘Vf`|Ž¡‘32|_______________________|_______________|_____Ž¡‘320‘vÌÄVR‘K™”VFL‘ÿþunit€à:‘ffimpulsiŽ¡’‘ÌÂ^‘32^‘%ÌÊ^Ž¡’‘ÌÂ|‘32|‘%ÌÊ|Ž¡’‘ÌÂ|<->|<----->|Ž¡’—3(VGT‘™˜VSPŽŸ 0`ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:322) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ Ï ½FšÙ acciamo–hÁpartire“l'impulso“di“sincronismo“appena“passata“la“ne“de˜gli“impulsi“di“dati“video“v˜erticali.“V˜GT‘h»€è“il“tempoŽ¤ di–¬'guardia“všÙ erticale“richiesto“per“l'impulso.“La“maggior“parte“dei“monitor“funzionano“bene“con“un“V˜GT‘¬di“0“(nessunŽ¡tempo–podi“guardia)“e“noi“useremo“questo“vÀalore“nel“nostro“esempio.“Pochi“monitor“abbisognano“di“due“o“tre“impulsi“diŽ¡tempo–€di“guardia,“e“di“solito“non“fæga“male“aggiungerli.Ž©*8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:323) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈT‘ÿ37ornando–¬all'esempio:“dal“momento“che“per“denizione“della“lunghezza“di“quadro,“un“impulso“vÙ erticale“€è“il“tempoŽ¡per–€tracciare“un“intera“rigó7a“ORIZZONT‘ÿðALE,“nel“nostro“esempio,“questa“sar€à“1232/65Mhz=18.95us.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:324) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈL‘ÿ'esperienza–5¬insešÙ gna“che“un“impulso“di“sincronismo“v˜erticale“do˜vrebbe“rientrare“nella“gó7amma“fra“50us“e“300us.“ComeŽ¡esempio–€usiamo“150us,“che“si“traduce“in“8“impulsi“di“clock“vÙ erticale“(150us/18.95us~8).Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:325) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end© ÕÈAlcuni–/ufægabbricanti“preferiscono“dare“i“loro“parametri“di“quadro“vÙ erticale“come“temporizzazioni“piuttosto“che“ampiezzaŽ¡di–€punti.“Potrete“všÙ edere“i“se˜guenti“vÀalori:Ž¤*8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:326) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:328) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end¦tempo–€attiÀvÌÐo“(V‘þ¦gA‘þã×T)Ž¡ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:329) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸÕÈïcolor push Black‘€ï color popŽŽ‘ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:330) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endCorrisponde–€a“VR,“ma“in“millisecondi.“V‘þ¦gA‘þã×T“*“VSF“=“VR.ŽŸ *8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:332) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end¦tempo–€di“oscuramento“(VBT)Ž¡ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:333) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸÕÈïcolor push Black‘€ï color popŽŽ‘ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:334) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endCorrisponde–€a“(VFL“-“VR),“ma“in“millisecondi.“VBT“*“VSF“=“(VFL“-“VR).ŽŸ *8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:336) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end¦piedistallo–€frontale“(VFP)Ž¡ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:337) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸÕÈïcolor push Black‘€ï color popŽŽ‘ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:338) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endQuesto–€€è“proprio“VÙ GT‘ÿB.Ž¤ *8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:340) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end¦sincronismoŽž”ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:341) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸælïcolor push Black‘€ï color popŽŽ‘ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:342) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endQuesto–€€è“proprio“VSP‘þã×.Ž¡ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:344) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end¦piedistallo–€secondario“(VBP)ŽŸ*8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:345) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸÕÈïcolor push Black‘€ï color popŽŽ‘ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:346) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endQuesto–€€è“come“un“secondo“tempo“di“guardia“dopo“l'impulso“di“sincronismo“vÙ erticale.“Spesso“€è“zero.ŽŸ*8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïKps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:synth) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ+BT¿12.‘ͽRiassumendoïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 22.464 H.A endïJps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (1.12.1) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŽŸÛïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:349) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ È»½Il–+"le“Xcong“"T‘ÿ37able“of“V‘ÿfgideo“Modes"“contiene“righe“di“numeri,“essendo“ogni“rigó7a“una“completa“specicazione“diŽ¤ una–3³modalit€à“di“operazione“X-servÙ er‘ÿs8.“I‘3 campi“sono“raggruppati“in“quattro“sezioni,“la“sezione“del“nome,“la“sezione“dellaŽ¡frequenza–€di“clock,“la“sezione“orizzontale,“e“la“sezione“vÙ erticale.ŽŽŸ0‘Hïcolor push Black’É¡HÅ17ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ’Ôï color popŽŽŒ‹#›j‘·ºâŸ·ºâïþps:SDict begin /product where{pop product(Distiller)search{pop pop pop version(.)search{exch pop exch pop(3011)eq{gsave newpath 0 0 moveto closepath clip/Courier findfont 10 scalefont setfont 72 72 moveto(.)show grestore}if}{pop}ifelse}{pop}ifelse}if end ç ýU‘Hïcolor push Blackïcolor push gray 0ïps:SDict begin H.S endïcolor push gray 0ï color popŽïps:SDict begin H.R endïKps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (page.18) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endï color popŸüfdŸ÷™œïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:366) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸfd’QJvÅXF›ÿs8r¡Gee86–€V‘ÿBideo“T˜imings“HO‘ÿÿWTÑðOŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ’Ôï color popŽŽ {‘H ýïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:350) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ½La–—ƒsezione“del“nome“contiene“un“campo,“il“nome“della“modalit€à“video“specicata“nel“resto“della“rigó7a.“Questo“nome“€èŽ¤ riferito–i¾nella“rigó7a“"Modes"“della“sezione“Graphics“DriÀvÙ er“Setup“nel“le“Xcong.“Il“campo“nome“pu€ò“essere“omesso“seŽ¡il–€nome“di“una“rigó7a“precedente“€è“lo“stesso.ŽŸLa–&Ãsezione“della“frequenza“di“clock“contiene“solo“il“campo“della“frequenza“(che“noi“abbiamo“chiamato“DCF)‘&¬della“rigó7aŽ¡modalit€à–èåvideo.“Il“vÀalore“di“questo“campo“specica“quale“dot“clock“€è“stato“usato“per“generare“i“numeri“delle“sezioniŽ¡seÙ guenti.Ž©*8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:352) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈLa–$Ésezione“orizzontale“consiste“di“quattro“campi“che“specicano“come“ciascuna“linea“orizzontale“deÀvÙ e“essere“generata.Ž¡Il–j>primo“campo“della“sezione“contiene“il“numero“di“punti“per“linea“che“saranno“accesi“per“formare“l'immagine“(da“noiŽ¡chiamati–Q HR).“Il“secondo“campo“(SH1)“indica“in“quale“punto“partir€à“l'impulso“di“sincronismo“orizzontale.“Il“terzoŽ¡campo–ž(SH2)“indica“a“quale“punto“nir€à“l'impulso“di“sincronismo“orizzontale.“Il“quarto“campo“specica“la“larÑðghezzaŽ¡totale–€del“quadro“(HFL).Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:353) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈAnche–;¶la“sezione“vÙ erticale“contiene“quattro“campi.“Il“primo“campo“contiene“il“numero“di“linee“visibili“che“apparirannoŽ¡sullo–Íïschermo“(VR).“Il“secondo“campo“(SV1)“indica“a“quale“linea“partir€à“l'impulso“di“sincronismo“vÙ erticale.“Il“terzoŽ¡campo–÷í(SV2)“specica“a“quale“linea“nir€à“l'impulso“vÙ erticale“di“sincronismo.“Il“quarto“campo“contiene“il“totaleŽ¡dell'altezza–€del“quadro“(VFL).Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:354) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈEsempio:ŽŸ *8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 11.7 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:355) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ˆû‘ÿþÄ#Nome–ffMod.‘™˜clock‘ ÌÌtemporiz.“oriz.‘32temporiz.“vert.Ž¤ ³3¡–ÿþ"752x564"“40‘™˜752–ff784› ÌÌ944“1088˜564“567“569“611Ž¡‘@ÌÈ44.5– ÌÌ752›ff792“976˜1240“564˜567˜570˜600ŽŸ 0`ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:356) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ Ï ½(Nota:–€X11R5“non“supporta“i“dot“clocks“frazionari.)Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:357) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈPer–Y‰Xcong,“tutti“i“numeri“che“abbiamo“appena“menzionato“-“il“numero“dei“punti“accesi“sulla“rigó7a,“il“numero“dei“puntiŽ¤ che–|separano“i“punti“accesi“dall'inizio“dell'impulso“di“sincronismo,“il“numero“dei“punti“che“rappresentano“la“durataŽ¡dell'impulso,–’e“il“numero“di“punti“dopo“la“ne“dell'impulso“di“sincronismo“-“sono“sommati“per“produrre“il“numero“diŽ¡punti–€per“rigó7a.“Il“numero“di“punti“orizzontali“dešÀvÙ e“sempre“essere“di˜visibile“per“otto.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:358) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end¤ ÕÈEsempio–€di“numeri“orizzontali:“800“864“1024“1088Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:359) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end¡Questa–¦ãlinea“d'esempio“ha“il“numero“di“punti“accesi“(800)“sešÙ guito“dal“numero“del“punto“da“do˜v˜e“parte“l'impulsoŽ¤ di–ªsincronismo“(864),“sešÙ guito“dal“numero“del“punto“quando“lo“stesso“impulso“termina“(1024),“se˜guito“dal“numeroŽ¡dell'ultimo–€punto“sulla“rigó7a“(1088).Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:360) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈNotate–ì.di“nuoÙ vÌÐo“che“tutti“i“všÀalori“dei“numeri“orizzontali“(800,“864,“1024,“e“1088)“sono“di˜visibili“per“otto!“Ci€ò“non“€èŽ¡richiesto–€per“i“vÀalori“vÙ erticali.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:361) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈIl–anumero“di“righe“dall'alto“in“basso“formano“il“quadro.“Il“seÙ gnale“di“temporizzazione“base“per“un“quadro“€è“la“rigó7a.“UnŽ¡certo–þnumero“di“righe“formeranno“l'immagine.“Dopo“che“l'ultima“rigó7a“accesa“€è“stata“diseÙ gnata,“ci“sar€à“un“ritardo“diŽ¡un–œâcerto“numero“di“righe“prima“che“sia“generato“l'impulso“di“sincronismo“vÙ erticale.“Quindi“l'impulso“di“sincronismoŽ¡durer€à–yper“un“po'“di“righe,“e“nalmente“saranno“generate“le“ultime“righe“del“quadro,“cio€è“il“ritardo“necessario“dopoŽ¡l'impulso.–»*I‘ºÙvÀalori“che“specicano“questa“modalit€à“d'operazione“sono“immessi“in“una“maniera“simile“al“seÙ guenteŽ¡esempio.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:362) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end¤ ÕÈEsempio–€di“vÀalori“vÙ erticali:“600“603“609“630Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:363) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end¡Questo–}úesempio“mostra“che“ci“sono“600“righe“visibili“sullo“schermo,“che“l'impulso“di“sincronismo“vÙ erticale“parte“allaŽŸ 603esima–€rigó7a“e“termina“alla“609esima,“e“che“sono“usate“un“totale“di“630“righe.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:364) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end¡Notate–€che“i“všÀalori“vÙ erticali“non“de˜vÌÐono“essere“di˜visibili“per“otto!ŽŽŸ0‘Hïcolor push Black’ÊÅ18ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ’Ôï color popŽŽŒ‹#´–‘·ºâŸ·ºâïþps:SDict begin /product where{pop product(Distiller)search{pop pop pop version(.)search{exch pop exch pop(3011)eq{gsave newpath 0 0 moveto closepath clip/Courier findfont 10 scalefont setfont 72 72 moveto(.)show grestore}if}{pop}ifelse}{pop}ifelse}if end ç ýU‘Hïcolor push Blackïcolor push gray 0ïps:SDict begin H.S endïcolor push gray 0ï color popŽïps:SDict begin H.R endïKps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (page.19) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endï color popŸüfdŸ÷™œïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:384) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸfd’QJvÅXF›ÿs8r¡Gee86–€V‘ÿBideo“T˜imings“HO‘ÿÿWTÑðOŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ’Ôï color popŽŽ {‘H ýïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:365) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ½T‘ÿ37orniamo–(all'esempio“do•Ù v“e–(stašÌÐvÀamo“la˜v˜orando.“Secondo“quanto“detto“prima,“tutto“quello“che“dobbiamo“fægare“da“adessoŽ¤ in–€poi“€è“di“scriÀvÙ ere“i“nostri“risultati“in“Xcong“in“questo“modo:ŽŸ³3Ä–32DCF‘ÿþHR› ÌÌSH1‘ffSH2“HFL“VR˜SV1–ffSV2“VFLŽ© 0`ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:367) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ Ï ½do•Ù v“e–iMSH1“€è“il“punto“di“partenza“dell'impulso“di“sincronismo“orizzontale“e“SH2“€è“l'ultimo;“similmente,“SV1“€è“il“puntoŽ¡di–€partenza“dell'impulso“di“sincronismo“vÙ erticale“e“SV2“€è“l'ultimo.ŽŸ*8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:368) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈPer–ÿainserire“questi,“ricordate“il“discorso“sulla“magia“nera“e“gli“impulsi“di“sincronismo“che“€è“stato“fægatto“precedentemente.Ž¡SH1–Þ€è“il“punto“do•Ù v“e–Þinizia“l'impulso“di“sincronismo“orizzontale;“quindi,“SH1“=“HR‘Å+“HGT1.“SH2“€è“l'estremo“opposto;Ž¡quindi,–€SH2“=“SH1“+“HSP‘þã×.“Similarmente,“SV1“=“VR“+“VšÙ GT“(ma“V˜GT“di“solito“€è“zero)“e“SV2“=“SV1“+“VSP‘þã×.ŽŸ *8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 11.7 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:369) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ˆûÄ#nome–™˜clock‘32temporiz.‘ ÌÌoriz.“temporiz.‘ffvert.“flagŽŸ ³3936x702‘ ÌÌ65‘ fd936–ff968“1200“1232‘32702“702“710“737Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:370) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ Ï ½Non–€€è“necessario“alcun“ag;“questa“non“€è“una“modalit€à“interlacciata.“Ora“siamo“proprio“a“posto.Ž©*8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïKps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:overd) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ+BT¿13.–ͽSoš§Œvraccaricare“il“V‘þqêostr˜o“Monitorïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 22.464 H.A endïJps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (1.13.1) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŽŸÛïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:373) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:374) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ È»ÅNon–’˜½doÙ vreste“assolutamente“superare“le“speciche“di“scansione“del“monitor“se“questo“€è“un“tipo“a“frequenza“ssa.Ž¡Potreste–·Ãfšægar“fumare“il“vÌÐostro“hardw˜are!“Superare“le“speciche“di“un“monitor“multisincrono“crea“dei“subdoli“problemiŽ¡potenziali–€che“doÙ vreste“eÀvitare.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:375) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈAl–lÊcontrario,“aÌÐvšÙ ere“un“pix˜el-clock“pi€ù“alto“della“massima“larÑðghezza“di“banda“del“monitor“€è“abbastanza“innocuo.“€ÈŽ¡problematico–3©eccedere“la“frequenza“massima“di“sincronismo.“Alcuni“monitor“moderni“possono“aÌÐvÙ ere“dei“circuiti“diŽ¡protezione–É2che“spengono“il“monitor“a“frequenze“di“scansione“pericolose,“ma“non“fægateci“adamento.“In“particolare“ciŽ¡sono–^Ïmonitor“multisinc“pi€ù“vÙ ecchi“(come“il“Multisync“II)‘^Æche“usano“solo“un“trasformatore“orizzontale.“Questi“monitorŽ¡non–’1hanno“molta“protezione“contro“il“sošÙ vraccarico.“Mentre“aÌÐvrete“sicuramente“un“circuito“di“re˜golazione“dell'altoŽ¡vÌÐoltaggio–º((che“pu€ò“essere“assente“nei“monitor“a“frequenza“ssa),“questo“non“necessariamente“coprir€à“ogni“gó7amma“diŽ¡frequenza–1Øpossibile,“specie“nei“modelli“pi€ù“economici.“Questo“non“solo“implica“un“maggior“carico“sul“circuito,“maŽ¡causa–ÇÄanche“un“in™ŸvÙ ecchiamento“precoce“dei“fosfori“dello“schermo,“ed“ulteriori“emissioni“di“radiazioni“dallo“schermoŽ¡(inclusi–€i“raggi“X).Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:376) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈComunque,–'†la“problematica“fondamentale“in“questione“€è“lo“slešÀw“rate“(la“pendenza“dei“seÙ gnali“video)“dei“dri˜vÙ er“perŽ¡l'output–nŽdel“video,“e“questo“€è“di“solito“indipendente“dalla“frequenza“dei“pixÙ el,“ma“(se“il“costruttore“della“vÌÐostra“schedaŽ¡video–€ci“tiene“a“questi“problemi)“in“relazione“alla“massima“frequenza“dei“pixÙ el“della“scheda.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:377) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end¤ ÕÈQuindi–€state“attenti“l€à“fuori...ŽŸÊ8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïKps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:inter) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ+¢T¿14.–ͽUsare“le“Modalit€à“Interlacciateïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 22.464 H.A endïJps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (1.14.1) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŽŸÛïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:380) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ È»½(Questa–€sezione“€è“larÑðgó7amente“doÙ vuta“a“DaÌÐvid“Kastrup“ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:381) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end<Ädak@pool.informatik.rwth-aachen.de½>)Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:382) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end¡Ad– un“dato“clock“sso,“uno“schermo“interlacciato“aÌÐvr€à“molto“meno“sf•ægarf“allio– di“uno“non-interlacciato,“se“il“circuitoŽ¤ všÙ erticale–Hdel“vÌÐostro“monitor“lo“supporta“stabilmente.“€È“principalmente“a“causa“di“ci€ò“che“furono“in™Ÿv˜entate“le“modalit€àŽ¡interlacciate.ŽŸ”ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:383) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ælLe–pñmodalit€à“interlacciate“hanno“una“catti•Àv“a–pñreputazione“perch€é“sono“inferiori“alle“loro“compagne“non-interlacciateŽ¡alla–nXstessa“frequenza“di“scansione“vÙ erticale,“VSF‘n(quello“che“di“solito“viene“specicato“nelle“pubblicit€à).“Ma“sonoŽŽŸ0‘Hïcolor push Black’ÊÅ19ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ’Ôï color popŽŽŒ‹#Í»‘·ºâŸ·ºâïþps:SDict begin /product where{pop product(Distiller)search{pop pop pop version(.)search{exch pop exch pop(3011)eq{gsave newpath 0 0 moveto closepath clip/Courier findfont 10 scalefont setfont 72 72 moveto(.)show grestore}if}{pop}ifelse}{pop}ifelse}if end ç ýU‘Hïcolor push Blackïcolor push gray 0ïps:SDict begin H.S endïcolor push gray 0ï color popŽïps:SDict begin H.R endïKps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (page.20) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endï color popŸüfd’QJvÅXF›ÿs8r¡Gee86–€V‘ÿBideo“T˜imings“HO‘ÿÿWTÑðOŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ’Ôï color popŽŽ { ýš‘H½assolutamente–l•superiori“alla“stessa“frequenza“di“scansione“orizzontale,“ed“€è“qui“che“di“solito“le“caratteristiche“decisiÀvÙ eŽ¤ ‘Hdel–€všÌÐostro“monitor/scheda“video“dicono“le“b˜ugie.ŽŸ‘HAd–öHuna“Åfrš¡Gequenza“di“r˜efr˜esh“½ssa“(o“mezzo“quadro,“o“VSF)‘õçil“display“interlacciato“sf•ægarf“aller€à–öHdi“pi€ù:“un“displayŽ¡‘Hinterlacciato–\a“90Hz“sar€à“inferiore“ad“un“display“non-interlacciato“a“90Hz.“Per€ò“aÌÐvr€à“bisogno“di“met€à“larÑðghezza“diŽ¡‘Hbanda–öåvideo“e“met€à“frequenza“di“scansione“orizzontale.“Se“lo“comparate“ad“una“modalit€à“non-interlacciata“con“lo“stessoŽ¡‘Hdot–(ƒclock“e“le“stesse“frequenze“di“scansione,“sar€à“enormemente“superiore:“45Hz“non-interlacciati“sono“intollerabili.Ž¡‘HCon–×90Hz“interlacciati,“io“ho“la•ÌÐv“orato–×per“anni“con“il“mio“Multisync“3D‘¾(a“1024x768)“ed“in“modo“molto“soddisfægacente.Ž¡‘HPenso–€che“vi“servir€à“almeno“uno“schermo“a“70Hz“non-interlacciati“per“lo“stesso“comfort.Ž‘H©*8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:386) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈDo•Ù v“ete–· stare“attenti“ad“alcuni“punti,“comunque:“usate“modalit€à“interlacciate“solo“ad“alte“risoluzioni,“cos€ì“che“le“righeŽ¡accese–g°alternate“siano“pi€ù“vicine.“V‘þµÇorrete“proÙ všÀare“v˜arie“larÑðghezze“e“posizioni“dell'impulso“di“sincronismo“per“ottenereŽ¡le–ôHposizioni“di“rigó7a“pi€ù“stabili.“Se“le“linee“alternate“sono“chiare“e“scure,“l'interlacciamento“vi“ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:387) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endÅsalter€à“½agli“occhi.Ž¡Ho–­una“applicazione“che“sceÙ glie“tali“vÀalori“per“uno“sfondo“(XCept,“nessun'altra“applicazione“lo“fæga“che“io“sappia,Ž¡fortunatamente).–€Io“passo“a“800x600“usando“XCept“perch€é“altrimenti“mi“fæganno“proprio“male“gli“occhi.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:388) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈPer–×ìlo“stesso“motiÀvÌÐo,“usate“i“font“di“minimo“100dpi,“o“altri“font“che“abbiano“le“stanghette“orizzontali“spesse“minimoŽ¡due–€righe“(per“le“alte“risoluzioni,“nient'altro“aÌÐvrebbe“comunque“senso).Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:389) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈE‘JSnaturalmente,–KNnon“usate“mai“la“modalit€à“interlacciata“quando“il“vÌÐostro“hardwægare“ne“supporterebbe“unaŽ¡non-interlacciata–€con“la“stessa“frequenza“di“refresh.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:390) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈSe,–ùwcomunque,“pensate“che“per“qualche“risoluzione“state“spingendo“o“il“monitor“o“la“scheda“video“al“massimo“delle“loroŽ¡capacit€à,–1e“ottenete“sf•ægarf“allio–1o“perdita“di“nitidezza“(eccesso“di“larÑðghezza“di“banda),“potete“proÙ vÀare“la“stessa“risoluzioneŽ¡usando–wuna“modalit€à“interlacciata.“Chiaramente“ci€ò“non“servÙ e“a“nulla“se“il“VSF‘wdel“monitor“€è“gi€à“vicino“ai“suoi“limiti.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:391) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈScriÀvÙ ere––šmodalit€à“interlacciate“€è“fšægacile:“f˜atelo“come“se“fossero“non-interlacciate.“Sono“necessarie“solo“due“considera-Ž¡zioni–Ë·in“pi€ù:“vi“servÌÐono“un“numero“totale“pari“di“righe“vÙ erticali“(l'ultima“cifra“nel“mode“line),“e“quando“specicate“ilŽ¡ag–X"Interlace",“la“frequenza“všÙ erticale“di“quadro“raddoppia.“Il“vÌÐostro“monitor“deÀv˜e“supportare“una“frequenza“di“90HzŽ¡se–€la“modalit€à“che“aÌÐvÙ ete“specicato“risulta“di“45Hz“senza“il“ag“"Interlace".Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:392) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈCome–§Öesempio,“ecco“la“mia“modeline“per“1024x768“interlacciati:“il“mio“Multisync“3D‘§Ësupporta“no“a“90Hz“vÙ erticaliŽ¡e–€38kHz“orizzontali.ŽŸ ”ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 11.7 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:393) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ™ŸÄModeLine–ff"1024x768"“45“1024“1048“1208“1248“768“768“776“807“InterlaceŽŸ 0`ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:394) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ Ï ½Entrambi–ÄAi“limiti“sono“abbastanza“sfruttati“con“questa“modalit€à.“Specicando“la“stessa“modalit€à,“ma“senza“il“agŽ¡"Interlace",–›xsi“€è“ancora“quasi“al“limite“della“capacit€à“orizzontale“del“monitor“(e“per“dirla“tutta,“un“po'“sotto“al“minimoŽ¡della–€frequenza“di“scansione“vÙ erticale),“ma“cos€ì“si“crea“uno“sf•ægarf“allio–€intollerabile“dello“schermo.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:395) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈRešÙ gole–ÕÅbasilari“di“programmazione:“se“aÌÐv˜ete“scritto“una“modalit€à“a“meno“della“met€à“della“capacit€à“v˜erticale“del“mo-Ž¡nitor™Ÿ,–BRrendete“pari“il“numero“totale“delle“linee“ed“aggiungete“il“ag“"Interlace".“La“qualit€à“dell'immagine“doÙ vrebbeŽ¡aumentare–€di“molto“nella“maggioranza“dei“casi.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:396) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈSe–+¼aÌÐvšÙ ete“una“modalit€à“non-interlacciata“che“in“qualche“modo“sfrutta“al“limite“le“speciche“del“monitor“do˜v˜e“la“fre-Ž¡quenza–Ó¦di“scansione“všÙ erticale“giace“a“circa“il“30%“o“pi€ù“sotto“al“massimo“del“monitor™Ÿ,“scriÀv˜ere“a“mano“una“modalit€àŽ¡interlacciata–€(probabilmente“con“una“pi€ù“alta“risoluzione)“potrebbe“portare“a“risultati“superiori,“ma“non“ci“giurerei.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïKps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:answe) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŽŸ0‘Hïcolor push Black’ÊÅ20ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ’Ôï color popŽŽŒ‹#èC‘·ºâŸ·ºâïþps:SDict begin /product where{pop product(Distiller)search{pop pop pop version(.)search{exch pop exch pop(3011)eq{gsave newpath 0 0 moveto closepath clip/Courier findfont 10 scalefont setfont 72 72 moveto(.)show grestore}if}{pop}ifelse}{pop}ifelse}if end ç ýU‘Hïcolor push Blackïcolor push gray 0ïps:SDict begin H.S endïcolor push gray 0ï color popŽïps:SDict begin H.R endïKps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (page.21) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endï color popŸüfdŸ÷™œïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:437) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸfd’QJvÅXF›ÿs8r¡Gee86–€V‘ÿBideo“T˜imings“HO‘ÿÿWTÑðOŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ’Ôï color popŽŽ { ýœ›‘H¿15.–ͽDomande“e“Risposteïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 22.464 H.A endïJps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (1.15.1) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŽ‘HŸ“­ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:399) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ£×ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:401) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ*ÃD:–€½L‘ÿ'esempio“che“aÌÐvÙ ete“fægatto“€è“per“un“formato“non“standard“dello“schermo,“lo“posso“usare?Ž©*8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:403) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸÕÈÃR:–o¶½Perch€é“no?“NON›oxci“sono“ragioni“di“usare“640x480,“800x600,“o“anche“1024x768.“I˜servÙ er“XFree86“vi“lascianoŽ¤ congurare–>il“všÌÐostro“hardwægare“molto“liberamente.“Di“solito“ci“v˜ogliono“due“o“tre“pro•Ù v“e–>prima“di“arri•Àv“are–>alla“sceltaŽ¡giusta.–/4La“cosa“importante“da“raggiungere“€è“un“alta“frequenza“di“refresh“con“un'area“visibile“ragioneÀvÌÐole.“Non“altaŽ¡risoluzione–€al“prezzo“di“sf•ægarf“allio‘€scassa-occhi!Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:406) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸÕÈÃD:–€½€È“la“sola“risoluzione“possibile“quella“data“di“65Mhz“dot“clock“e“55Khz“HSF?Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:408) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸÕÈÃR:–ѽAssolutamente“no!“Siete“incoraggiati“a“sešÙ guire“la“procedura“generica“e“fægare“un“po'“di“pro˜vÀa-e-sbaglia“no“adŽ¡arri•Àv“are–Vóad“una“congurazione“che“vi“soddis.“Sperimentare“cos€ì“pu€ò“essere“molto“diÀvÙ ertente.“Molte“congurazioni“viŽ¡possono– Ðdare“solo“schermi“sgó7angherati,“ma“in“pratica“i“moderni“monitor“multi-sync“non“sono“fægacilmente“danneÙ ggiabili.Ž¡AssicurateÀvi–bÜcomunque“che“il“všÌÐostro“monitor“possa“supportare“le“frequenze“di“quadro“che“a˜vÙ ete“scelto“prima“di“usarloŽ¡per–€periodi“pi€ù“lunghi.ŽŸ*8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:410) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈState–·cattenti“ai“monitor“a“frequenza“ssa!“Questo“genere“di“sperimentazioni“li“pu€ò“rapidamente“danneÙ ggiare.“Assicu-Ž¡ratešÀvi–€di“usare“frequenze“di“refresh“v˜alide“per“ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:411) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endÅqualsiasi“½esperimento“su“di“essi.ŽŸ‘€ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:413) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŽŸÃD:–}Õ½TŒÏu“hai“appena“nominato“due“risoluzioni“standard.“In“Xcong,“sono“disponibili“molte“risoluzioni“standard,“mi“puoiŽ¡dire–€a“che“servÙ e“sperimentare“con“le“temporizzazioni?Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:415) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸÕÈÃR:–:ǽCertamente!“Prendi,“ad“esempio,“lo“"standard"“640x480“presente“nell'attuale“Xcong.“Usa“25Mhz“di“frequenzaŽ¡pilota,–clunghezze“di“quadro“di“800“e“525“=>“frequenza“di“refresh“~“59.5Hz.“Non“male.“Ma“28Mhz“€è“una“frequenzaŽ¡pilota–²Ðcomune“a“molte“schede“SVšÙ GA.“Se“noi“la“usiamo“per“pilotare“640x480,“se˜guendo“le“procedure“prima“discusse,Ž¡otterremmo–ëplunghezze“di“quadro“tipo“812“e“505.“Ora“la“frequenza“di“refresh“€è“aumentata“a“68Hz,“un“miglioramentoŽ¡abbastanza–€signicatiÀvÌÐo“rispetto“allo“standard.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:418) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸÕÈÃD:–€½Puoi“riassumere“quello“che“si“€è“detto“no“ad“ora?Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:420) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸÕÈÃR:–€½In“breÀvÙ e:Žž´ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:422) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:423) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸáLïcolor push BlackÇ€ˆï color popŽŽ‘ ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:424) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end½per–'Yogni“frequenza“pilota“ssa,“aumentare“la“risoluzione“massima“ci“penalizza“nell'abbassare“la“frequenza“di“refreshŽ¡‘ e–€producendo“cos€ì“pi€ù“sf•ægarf“allio.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:425) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸÕÈïcolor push BlackÇ€ˆï color popŽŽ‘ ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:426) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end½se–õservšÙ e“un'alta“risoluzione“e“il“tuo“monitor“la“supporta,“cerca“di“procurarti“una“scheda“SV˜GA‘ñche“abbia“un“ugualeŽ¡‘ dot–€clock“o“DCF‘ÿ37.“Pi€ù“sono“ele•Àv“ati,–€meÙ glio“€è!ŽŸŸ ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïKps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:fixes) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ-lŒ¿16.–ͽRisolvere“Pr§ŒobšÓÅlemi“con“l'Imma˜gineXs.ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 22.464 H.A endïJps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (1.16.1) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŽŸ |ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:429) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ 'ƽOK,–E0cos€ì“ašÌÐvÙ ete“i“v˜ostri“vÀalori“di“congurazione“X.“Li“mettete“in“Xcong“con“una“etichetta“di“modalit€à“test.“FÙ ate“partireŽ¡X,–nbcon“la“combinazione“di“tasti“andate“nella“nuoÙ všÀa“modalit€à,“...“e“l'immagine“non“v˜a“bene.“Che“fægate?“Ecco“una“lista“diŽ¡comuni–€distorsioni“dell'immagineïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:430) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end“e“come“risolvÙ erle.ŽŸ*8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:432) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈ(Eliminare–€questi“difetti“minori“€è“la“specialit€à“di“ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:433) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endxvidtune(1).)ŽŽŸ0‘Hïcolor push Black’ÊÅ21ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ’Ôï color popŽŽŒ‹#ˆ‘·ºâŸ·ºâïþps:SDict begin /product where{pop product(Distiller)search{pop pop pop version(.)search{exch pop exch pop(3011)eq{gsave newpath 0 0 moveto closepath clip/Courier findfont 10 scalefont setfont 72 72 moveto(.)show grestore}if}{pop}ifelse}{pop}ifelse}if end ç ýU‘Hïcolor push Blackïcolor push gray 0ïps:SDict begin H.S endïcolor push gray 0ï color popŽïps:SDict begin H.R endïKps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (page.22) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endï color popŸüfd’QJvÅXF›ÿs8r¡Gee86–€V‘ÿBideo“T˜imings“HO‘ÿÿWTÑðOŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ’Ôï color popŽŽ {‘H ýïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:434) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:435) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ Spostate–Œ½l'immagine“cambiando“la“temporizzazione“dell'impulso“di“sincronismo.“La“ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:436) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endÅscalate“½cambiando“la“lunghezzaŽ¤ del–3Ûquadro“(do•Ù v“ete–3Ûcambiare“l'impulso“di“sincronismo“per“mantenere“la“stessa“posizione“relati•Àv“a,–3Ûaltrimenti“cambiarneŽ¡la–€grandezza“sposter€à“l'immagine).“Ecco“alcune“ricette“pi€ù“speciche:ŽŸLe–”dposizioni“orizzontali“e“vÙ erticali“sono“indipendenti.“Cio€è,“spostare“l'immagine“orizzontalmente“non“incide“sullaŽ¡sua–˲posizione“všÙ erticale,“o“viceÀv˜ersa.“Per€ò“lo“stesso“non“vÀale“sempre“per“l'ingrandimento“o“rimpicciolimento.“MentreŽ¡cambiare–*àla“larÑðghezza“non“ha“nulla“a“che“všÙ edere“con“l'altezza“o“viceÀv˜ersa,“cambiare“entrambe“pu€ò“aÌÐv˜ere“dei“limiti.Ž¡In–š†particolare,“se“l'immagine“€è“troppo“larÑðgó7a“in“entrambe“le“dimensioni“vÌÐoi“probabilmente“do•Ù v“ete–š†andare“a“pi€ù“alti“dotŽ¡clock–€per“aggiustare“le“cose.“Dal“momento“che“questo“alza“la“risoluzione,“€è“spesso“un“problema!ŽŸ*8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:438) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ%ZçÈ16.1.–ÈL‘ýûñ'immaÛ$gine“€è“trš¶Joppo“a“destra“o“tr˜oppo“a“sinistraïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 18.72 H.A endïLps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (1.16.9.2) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŽŸ gdïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:440) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ËϽPer–¾aggiustare“questo,“cambiate“l'impulso“di“sincronismo“orizzontale.“OvvÙ ero,“aumentate“o“diminuite“(a“multipli“diŽ¡8)–µi“due“numeri“in“mezzo“nella“sezione“della“temporizzazione“orizzontale“che“deniscono“i“limiti“di“partenza“e“neŽ¡dell'impulso–€di“sincronismo“orizzontale.Ž©*8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:441) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈSe–T@l'immagine“€è“spostata“a“sinistra“(bordo“destro“troppo“larÑðgo,“všÌÐoi“a˜všÙ ete“bisogno“di“muo˜v˜ere“l'immagine“a“destra)Ž¡diminuite–Îi“vÀalori.“Se“l'immagine“€è“spostata“a“destra“(bordo“sinistro“troppo“larÑðgo,“aÌÐvÙ ete“bisogno“di“spostare“l'immagineŽ¡a–€sinistra)“incrementate“l'impulso“di“sincronismo.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:442) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ%ZçÈ16.2.–ÈL‘ýûñ'immaÛ$gine“€è“trš¶Joppo“su“o“tr˜oppo“gi€ùïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 18.72 H.A endïMps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (1.16.10.2) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŽŸ gdïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:444) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ËϽPer–ý^aggiustare“questo,“cambiate“l'impulso“di“sincronismo“vÙ erticale.“Cio€è,“incrementate“o“diminuite“i“due“vÀalori“me-Ž¡diani–Z~della“sezione“di“temporizzazione“vÙ erticale“che“deniscono“i“limiti“di“partenza“e“ne“dell'impulso“di“sincronismoŽ¡vÙ erticale.Ž©”ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:445) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ælSe–~jl'immagine“€è“spostata“su“(bordo“in“basso“troppo“larÑðgo,“aÌÐvÙ ete“bisogno“di“spostare“l'immagine“in“gi€ù)“diminuiteŽ¡i–Ÿ0vÀalori.“Se“l'immagine“€è“spostata“in“gi€ù“(bordo“in“alto“troppo“larÑðgo,“aÌÐvÙ ete“bisogno“di“spostare“l'immagine“in“su)Ž¡incrementate–€i“vÀalori.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:446) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ'k‹È16.3.–ÈL‘ýûñ'immašÛ$gine“€è“tr¶Joppo“larȽga“sia“orizzontalmente“c˜heŽŸ¸RverIµticalmenteïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 18.72 H.A endïMps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (1.16.11.2) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŽŸaAïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:448) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ Ñò½PšÙ assate–øad“una“pi€ù“alta“v˜elocit€à“di“clock“della“scheda.“Se“aÌÐv˜ete“pi€ù“modalit€à“nel“le“di“clock,“forse“€è“stata“atti•Àv“ata‘øperŽ¡errore–€una“modalit€à“a“vÙ elocit€à“inferiore.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:449) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ'k‹È16.4.–ÈL‘ýûñ'immaÛ$gine“€è“trš¶Joppo“larȽga“(tr˜oppo“stretta)“orizzontalmenteïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 18.72 H.A endïMps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (1.16.12.2) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŽŸ gdïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:451) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ËϽPer–ØRrimediare“a“questo,“aumentate“(diminuite)“la“lunghezza“di“quadro“orizzontale.“OvvÙ ero,“cambiate“il“quarto“vÀaloreŽ¡nella–\Ïprima“sezione“di“temporizzazione.“Per“eÀvitare“di“muo•Ù v“ere–\Ïl'immagine,“cambiate“anche“l'impulso“di“sincronismoŽ¡(secondo–€e“terzo“numero)“della“met€à,“per“mantenerla“nella“stessa“posizione“relati•Àv“a.ŽŸ*8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:452) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŽŸ0‘Hïcolor push Black’ÊÅ22ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ’Ôï color popŽŽŒ‹#ý‘·ºâŸ·ºâïþps:SDict begin /product where{pop product(Distiller)search{pop pop pop version(.)search{exch pop exch pop(3011)eq{gsave newpath 0 0 moveto closepath clip/Courier findfont 10 scalefont setfont 72 72 moveto(.)show grestore}if}{pop}ifelse}{pop}ifelse}if end ç ýU‘Hïcolor push Blackïcolor push gray 0ïps:SDict begin H.S endïcolor push gray 0ï color popŽïps:SDict begin H.R endïKps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (page.23) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endï color popŸüfd’QJvÅXF›ÿs8r¡Gee86–€V‘ÿBideo“T˜imings“HO‘ÿÿWTÑðOŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ’Ôï color popŽŽ { ýšÝ\‘HÈ16.5.–ÈL‘ýûñ'immaÛ$gine“€è“trš¶Joppo“alta“(tr˜oppo“bassa)“verIµticalmenteïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 18.72 H.A endïMps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (1.16.13.2) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŽ‘HŸ gdïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:454) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ËϽPer–Frimediare,“aumentate“(diminuite)“la“lunghezza“del“quadro.“Cio€è“cambiate“il“quarto“numero“nella“seconda“sezioneŽ¤ di–Çtemporizzazione.“Per“eÀvitare“di“spostare“l'immagine,“cambiate“anche“l'impulso“di“sincronismo“(il“secondo“e“terzoŽ¡numero)–€della“met€à,“per“mantenerla“nella“stessa“posizione“relati•Àv“a.Ž©*8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:455) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈQualsiasi–œÅaltra“distorsione“che“non“pu€ò“essere“risolta“dalla“combinazione“di“queste“tecniche“€è“probabilmente“sintomoŽ¡di– ±qualcosa“di“profondamente“sbagliato,“tipo“un“errore“di“calcolo“o“un“dot“clock“pi€ù“všÙ eloce“di“quello“che“pu€ò“re˜ggereŽ¡il‘€monitorŽŸ”ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:456) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ælIn–€ultimo,“ricordate“che“aumentare“la“lunghezza“del“quadro“diminuir€à“la“frequenza“di“refresh,“e“viceÀvÙ ersa.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:457) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈOccasionalmente–potete“aggiustare“piccole“distorsioni“con“i“controlli“del“vÌÐostro“monitor‘ÿs8.“Lo“svÀantaggio“€è“che“se“portateŽ¡i–œdcontrolli“troppo“lontano“dallo“zero“(il“settaggio“di“fægabbrica)“per“risolvÙ ere“i“problemi“di“graca,“potreste“ottenereŽ¡un'immagine–€distorta“in“modo“testo.“€È“mešÙ glio“aÌÐv˜ere“una“giusta“"modeline".ŽŸ*8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïKps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:cplot) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ+BT¿17.–ͽT‘þž"racciare“le“Capacit€à“del“Monitorïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 22.464 H.A endïJps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (1.17.1) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŽŸ 7„ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:460) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ lS½Per–Ñþtracciare“un“diagramma“della“modalit€à“del“monitor™Ÿ,“vi“servšÙ e“il“pacchetto“gnuplot“(un“linguaggio“di“dise˜gno“free-Ž¡wægare–#ðper“sistemi“operatiÀvi“UNIX-compatibili)“e“il“tool“ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:461) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endmodeplot,“uno“script“di“shell/gnuplot“per“tracciare“il“diagrammaŽ¡delle–€caratteristiche“del“vÌÐostro“monitor™Ÿ,“digitate“come“opzioni“a“linea“di“comando.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:462) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈEcco–€una“copia“di“ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:463) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endmodeplot:ŽŸ *8ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 11.7 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:464) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ˆûÄ#!/bin/shŽ¤ 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ÌÌrapporto“visivo‘@ÌÈdefault:“4/3Ž¡‘H-g–ff""‘ÿþopzioni“passate“a“gnuplotŽ¡¡‘HLe–ffopzioni“-b,“-h“e“-v“sono“obbligatorie,“-a,“-t,“-g“opzionali.“Potete“usareŽ¡‘H-g–ffper“passare“un“tipo“di“device“a“gnuplot“cos€ì“che“(per“esempio)“l'output“diŽ¡‘Hmodeplot–ffpu€ò“essere“rediretto“ad“una“stampante.“Vedi“gnuplot(1)“perŽ¡‘Hdettagli.Ž¡¡‘HIl–fftool“modeplot“€è“stato“creato“da“Eric“S.“Raymond“Ž¡‘Hbasato–ffsu“analisi“e“codice“di“Martin“Lottermoser“Martin“LottermoserŽ¡‘HŽ¡¡‘HThis–ffis“modeplot“$Revision:“1.25“$Ž¡‘HEOFŽ¡‘RÌÌexit;;Ž¡‘MffesacŽ¡‘MffshiftŽ¡‘HdoneŽ¡¡‘Hgnuplot–ff$GNUOPTS“<.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:509) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ÕÈEric–œ‰S.“Raymond“ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:510) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end<Äesr@snark.thyrsus.com½>;“ha“rielaborato,“riorÑðgó7anizzato,“e“massicciamente“riscritto“l'originaleŽ¡di–V•Chin“FÙ ang“col“proposito“di“capirlo.“In“questo“processo,“ha“immesso“la“maggior“parte“di“un“altro“hoÀw-to“di“BobŽ¡Crosson‘€ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:511) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end<Äcrosson@cam.nist.gov½>.Ž©i·ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:512) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ –IIl–Jmateriale“sulle“modalit€à“interlacciate“€è“larÑðgó7amente“di“DaÌÐvid“KastrupŽ¡ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:513) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end<Ädak@pool.informatik.rwth-aachen.de½>.Ž¦ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:514) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ –INicholas–aZBodleÙ y“ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:515) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end<Änbodley@alumni.princeton.edu½>“ha“corretto“e“chiarito“la“sezione“su“come“funziona“lo“scherÌÐ-Ž¡mo.ŽŸ”ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:516) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark endŸ ælPÙ ayne–€Freret“ïps:SDict begin H.S endïps:SDict begin 13 H.A endïIps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (0:517) cvn H.B /DEST pdfmark end<Äpayne@freret.org½>“ha“corretto“alcuni“minori“errori“tecnici“sulla“progettazione“dei“monitor‘ÿs8.ŽŽŸ0‘Hïcolor push Black’ÉÊ@Å26ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ’Ôï color popŽŽŒ‹#n‘·ºâŸ·ºâïþps:SDict begin /product where{pop product(Distiller)search{pop pop pop version(.)search{exch pop exch pop(3011)eq{gsave newpath 0 0 moveto closepath clip/Courier findfont 10 scalefont setfont 72 72 moveto(.)show grestore}if}{pop}ifelse}{pop}ifelse}if end ç ýU‘Hïcolor push Blackïcolor push gray 0ïps:SDict begin H.S endïcolor push gray 0ï color popŽïps:SDict begin H.R endïKps:SDict begin [ /View [/XYZ H.V] /Dest (page.27) cvn H.B 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phvb8tóÌ*j] ptmr8cóϯ8 ptmri8tó‰š pcrr8tóª,« ptmb8tóáÚŽ phvr8tó^x¥) phvb8cóú phvb8tóúG® phvb8tóúâ phvb8tó?Á|‰ ptmr8tó O!â…cmsy7ùŸßßßßßß