progeny 1.14.0
Conventional pathway analysis methods rely on the gene expression of the pathway members. However, this approach overlook the effect of post-translational modifications and only captures very specific experimental conditions. To overcome these limitations, PROGENy (Pathway RespOnsive GENes) estimates the activity of relevant signaling pathways based on consensus gene signatures obtained from perturbation experiments, in other words, the footprint of the pathway on gene expression (Schubert et al. 2018 ,@dugourd2019).
PROGENy initially contained 11 pathways and was developed for the application to human transcriptomics data. It has been recently shown that PROGENy is also applicable to mouse data (Holland, Szalai, and Saez-Rodriguez 2019) and to single cell RNAseq data (Holland et al. 2019). In addition, they expanded human and mouse PROGENy to 14 pathways.
This vignette shows an example on how to apply PROGENy in a well known single-cell dataset. To analyse the data, we followed the standard procedures of the Seurat toolkit for single cell genomics (Stuart et al. 2019).
First of all, you need a current version of R (http://www.r-project.org). progeny is a freely available annotation package deposited on http://bioconductor.org/ and https://https://github.com/saezlab/progeny.
You can install it by running the following commands on an R console:
if (!requireNamespace("BiocManager", quietly = TRUE))
install.packages("BiocManager")
BiocManager::install("progeny")
## To install the new version until it is submitted to Bioconductor use:
devtools::install_github("saezlab/progeny")
We also load here the packages required to run this script.
library(progeny)
library(dplyr)
library(Seurat)
library(ggplot2)
library(tidyr)
library(readr)
library(pheatmap)
library(tibble)
In the following paragraphs, we provide examples describing how to run PROGENy on a scRNA-seq dataset. In particular, we use the Seurat toolkit for single cell genomics (Stuart et al. 2019). For the sake of simplicity, we follow the example provided in the following Seurat vignette:
https://satijalab.org/seurat/v3.1/pbmc3k_tutorial.html
The dataset contains 2,700 Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) that were sequenced on the Illumina NextSeq 500. This dataset is freely available in 10X Genomics:
## Load the PBMC dataset
pbmc.data <-
Read10X(data.dir = "../data/pbmc3k/filtered_gene_bc_matrices/hg19/")
## Initialize the Seurat object with the raw (non-normalized data).
pbmc <-
CreateSeuratObject(counts = pbmc.data, project = "pbmc3k", min.cells = 3,
min.features = 200)
We follow the standard pre-processing steps as described in the aforementioned Seurat vignette before going deeper into the data analysis. These steps carry out the selection and filtration of cells based on quality control metrics, the data normalization and scaling, and the detection of highly variable features (see https://satijalab.org/seurat/v3.1/pbmc3k_tutorial.html).
## Identification of mithocondrial genes
pbmc[["percent.mt"]] <- PercentageFeatureSet(pbmc, pattern = "^MT-")
## Filtering cells following standard QC criteria.
pbmc <- subset(pbmc, subset = nFeature_RNA > 200 & nFeature_RNA < 2500 &
percent.mt < 5)
## Normalizing the data
pbmc <- NormalizeData(pbmc, normalization.method = "LogNormalize",
scale.factor = 10000)
pbmc <- NormalizeData(pbmc)
## Identify the 2000 most highly variable genes
pbmc <- FindVariableFeatures(pbmc, selection.method = "vst", nfeatures = 2000)
## In addition we scale the data
all.genes <- rownames(pbmc)
pbmc <- ScaleData(pbmc, features = all.genes)
One of the most relevant steps in scRNA-seq data analysis is clustering. Cells are grouped based on the similarity of their transcriptomic profiles. We first apply the Seurat v3 classical approach as described in their aforementioned vignette. We visualize the cell clusters using UMAP:
pbmc <-
RunPCA(pbmc, features = VariableFeatures(object = pbmc), verbose = FALSE)
pbmc <- FindNeighbors(pbmc, dims = 1:10, verbose = FALSE)
pbmc <- FindClusters(pbmc, resolution = 0.5, verbose = FALSE)
pbmc <- RunUMAP(pbmc, dims = 1:10, umap.method = 'uwot', metric='cosine')
DimPlot(pbmc, reduction = "umap")
Following again Seurat protocol, we next find the markers that help to identify and discriminate the different cell popualations present in the dataset under study.
## Finding differentially expressed features (cluster biomarkers)
pbmc.markers <- FindAllMarkers(pbmc, only.pos = TRUE, min.pct = 0.25,
logfc.threshold = 0.25, verbose = FALSE)
## Assigning cell type identity to clusters
new.cluster.ids <- c("Naive CD4 T", "Memory CD4 T", "CD14+ Mono", "B", "CD8 T",
"FCGR3A+ Mono", "NK", "DC", "Platelet")
names(new.cluster.ids) <- levels(pbmc)
pbmc <- RenameIdents(pbmc, new.cluster.ids)
## We create a data frame with the specification of the cells that belong to
## each cluster to match with the Progeny scores.
CellsClusters <- data.frame(Cell = names(Idents(pbmc)),
CellType = as.character(Idents(pbmc)),
stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
We plot again the clusters along with their cell type labels
DimPlot(pbmc, reduction = "umap", label = TRUE, pt.size = 0.5) + NoLegend()